View of the barracks at Ravensbrück Ravensbrück was a German concentration camp located 90 km north of Berlin. It was founded in 1938 by SS leader Heinrich Himmler and was unusual in that it was a camp primarily for women, and opened in May 1939. There were children in the camp as well. At first, they arrived with mothers who were Gypsies or Jews incarcerated in the camp or were born to imprisoned women. There were few of them at that time. There were a few Czech children from Lidice in July 1942. Later the children in the camp represented almost all nations of Europe occupied by Germany. Between April and October 1944 their number increased considerably, consisting of two groups. One were Roma children with their mothers or sisters brought into the camp after the Roma camp in Auschwitz-Birkenau was closed. The other group included mostly children who were brought with Polish mothers sent to Ravensbrück after the collapse of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, and Jewish children after the Budapest Ghetto was closed. With a few exceptions all these children died of starvation. Ravensbrück had 70 sub-camps used for slave labor that were spread across an area from the Baltic Sea to Bavaria. View of the barracks at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. ...
View of the barracks at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. ...
A concentration camp is a large detention center created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. ...
Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. ...
1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
SS or ss or Ss may be: The Schutzstaffel, a Nazi paramilitary force Steamship (SS) (ship prefix) The United States Secret Service A submarine not powered by nuclear energy (SS) (United States Navy designator), see SSN A Soviet/Russian surface-to-surface missile, as listed by NATO reporting name Shortstop...
Heinrich Himmler (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ...
1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Rroma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies. ...
Lidice (Liditz in German) is a village in Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) that was completely eradicated by the Nazis during World War II. On May 27, 1942, the deputy chief of the Gestapo, Reinhard Heydrich, was on his way to Prague in his capacity as Protector of Bohemia and Moravia...
1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English, and as Tsigany in most of Europe. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
The Warsaw Uprising (Powstanie Warszawskie) was a controversial armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule. ...
Budapest (pronounced BOO-dah-pesht, IPA ), the capital city of Hungary and the countrys principal political, industrial, commercial and transportation centre, has more than 1. ...
The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of east and central Europe, and the Danish islands. ...
With an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ...
Ravensbrück served as a training camp for over 4,000 female overseers. The technical term for a female guard in a Nazi camp was an Aufseherin. The women either stayed in the camp or eventually served in other camps. The female chief overseers (Oberaufseherinnen) in Ravensbrück were: Aufseherin (female overseer or attendant - german plural Aufseherinnen) is the term for a female guard in the Nazi concentration camps. ...
Later, several women were head female guards at the same time Jane Bernigau was an SS supervisor in Nazi concentration camps before and during World War II. Jane was born as Jane (Gerda) Bernigau on October 5, 1908 in Sagan, Germany. ...
1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Johanna Langefeld was a female supervisor at two concentration camps during the Nazi Regime. ...
Maria Mandel (January 10, 1912 - January 24, 1948) was infamous for her important role in the Holocaust: as one of the top-ranking female officials at the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, she is believed to have been directly responsible for the orders to kill over 500,000 female Jews, Gypsies...
and their assistant Dorothea Binz (1943-1945) 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Erna Rose was an SS supervisor at the Ravensbrück concentration camp near Berlin. ...
Else Grabner was chief of the Ravensbruck concentration camp in 1944. ...
Kaethe Hoern was a female SS supervisor at two concentration camps from 1944 until April 1945. ...
Margarete Gallinat was the head overseer at Vught. ...
Vught is a municipality and a town in the southern Netherlands. ...
Little is known about Elsa Erik (or Elsa Erich). ...
Hildegard Neumann was a chief overseer at a Nazi concentration camp and at a transi/detention camp during the last year of World War II. Hildegard Neumann was born in Gabel, Germany in 1919. ...
Dorothea Binz (March 16, 1920 - May 2, 1947) was an SS supervisor at the Ravensbrück concentration camp during the Second World War. ...
Most of these women went on to serve as chief wardresses in other camps. Other high ranking SS women included Christel Jankowsky, Ilse Goeritz, Greta Boesel, Margot Dreschel, Elisabeth Kammer, and head wardress at the Uckermark death complex of Ravensbrück was Ruth Closius. The treatment by the SS women in Ravensbrück was normally brutal. Elfriede Muller, an SS Aufseherin in the camp was so harsh that the prisoners nicknamed her "The Beast of Ravensbrück." Christel Jankowsky was a high ranking concentration camp guard in Nazi Germany. ...
Ilse was an SS guard at several concentration and subcamps during the Second World War. ...
Greta Bösel was a high ranking female guard at the Ravensbrück concentration camp during the Second World War. ...
Margot Dreschel (or Drexler or Dreschler or Drechsel or Drexel) was born on May 17, 1908 in Neugersdorf, Germany. ...
Elisabeth was born in 1918. ...
The Uckermark concentration camp was a small Nazi concentration camp near the Ravensbrück concentration camp in Fürstenberg, Germany. ...
Ruth Closius was an SS supervisor at a death camp complex from December 1944 until March 1945. ...
Aufseherin (female overseer or attendant - german plural Aufseherinnen) is the term for a female guard in the Nazi concentration camps. ...
When a new prisoner arrived at Ravensbrück they were required to wear a color-coded triangle (a Winkel) that identified them by category with a letter sewn within the triangle that indicated the prisoner's nationality. Polish women wore red triangle, red denoting a political prisoner, with a letter "P". By 1942, Polish women became the largest national component at the camp. Jewish women wore yellow triangles, but sometimes, unlike the other prisoners, they wore a second triangle for the other categories or for "race defilement". Between 1942 and 1943 almost all Jewish women from the Ravensbrück camp where sent to Auschwitz in several transports following Nazis policy to make Germany "Judenrein" (cleansed of Jews). Common criminals wore green triangles, Soviet prisoners of war, German and Austrian Communists had red triangles and members of the Jehovah's Witnesses were labeled with lavender triangles. Classified separately with black triangles were prostitutes and Gypsies. The pink triangles for homosexuals played no role in the Ravensbrück women camp, but the camp did have some lesbians imprisoned in the camp for other crimes. 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ...
Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
The Rroma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies. ...
Based on the Nazis incomplete transport list "Zugangsliste" consisting 25,028 names of women sent by Nazis to the camp, it is estimated that inmates of Ravensbrück ethnic structure was the following: Poles 24.9%, Germans 19.9%, Jews 15.1%, Russians 15.0%, French 7.3%, Gypsies 5.4%, other 12.4%. Gestapo categorized the inmates as follows: political 83,54%, anti-social 12,35%, criminal 2,02%, Jehovah Witnesses 1.11%, racial defilement 0.78%, other 0.20%. The list is one of the most important documents, preserved in the last moments of the camp operation by courageous members of the Polish underground girl guides unit "Mury" (The Walls). The rest of the camp documents were burned by escaping SS overseers in pits or in the crematorium. The Rroma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies. ...
The Gestapo was the official secret police force of Nazi Germany. ...
Szare Szeregi ( Polish for Grey Ranks) was a code-name for the underground Polish Scouting Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) during World War II. The organisation was created on September 27, 1939, in Warsaw and largely contributed to all resistance actions of the Polish Secret State and its members were among...
Polish Scouting Cross “Mury” – “The Walls”, the clandestine Girl Scouts group organized by young Polish women; political prisoners in the concentration camp in Ravensbrück. ...
SS or ss or Ss may be: The Schutzstaffel, a Nazi paramilitary force Steamship (SS) (ship prefix) The United States Secret Service A submarine not powered by nuclear energy (SS) (United States Navy designator), see SSN A Soviet/Russian surface-to-surface missile, as listed by NATO reporting name Shortstop...
One of the forms of the resistance were underground education programs organized by prisoners for their fellow inmates. All national groups had some sort of program. The most extensive were among Polish women where various high school level classes were taught by experienced teachers.
Inmates at Ravensbrück suffered greatly. Living in subhuman conditions, thousands were shot, strangled, gased, buried alive, or worked to death. A special method of torture were medical experiments conducted on 86 women; 74 of them were Polish inmates. There were two types of the experiments done on Polish political prisoners. The first one aimed at testing the efficiency of sulphonamide drugs. These experiments involved the deliberate cutting out and infection of bones and muscles of the legs with virulent bacteria, the cutting out of nerves, the introduction of virulent substances like pieces of wood or glass into the tissue and the causing of artificial bone fractures. The second one aimed at studying the processes of regeneration of bones, muscles and nerves, and also the possibilities of transplanting bones from one person to another. All the experiments were done against the will and despite the open protest of all the victims. Five of the polish victims died as the result of the experiments. Six others were executed in the camp. The rest of the "rabbits" or Kaninchen as they were called survived thanks to help of other inmates in the camp. During World War II, the Nazi regime in Germany conducted human medical experimentation on large numbers of people held in its concentration camps. ...
Between 120 and 140 Gypsy women were sterilized in the camp in January 1945. All of them, unaware of the consequences, signed the consent form after being told by the camp overseers that the German authorities would release them if they agreed to sterilization. Sterilization can mean: Sterilization (surgical procedure) - an operation which renders an animal or human unable to procreate Sterilization (microbiology) - the removal of microbiological organisms This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
All inmates were required to do heavy labor. The women were forced to work at many kinds of slave labor, from heavy outdoor jobs to building the V-2 rocket parts for the giant German company, Siemens AG. Ravensbruck also supplied every major camp, except Auschwitz with women to work in the camp brothels. In 1942 the Germans sent fifty female political prisoners with overseers to each of the following camps to work in their brothels; Buchenwald, Dachau, Flossenburg, Mauthausen, Neuengamme, and Sachsenhausen. Most of the women volunteered because they made money, had Sundays and mornings off, received nice clothes, took regular showers, and were treated fairly well. But, most subsequently returned to Ravensbruck after a few months suffering from venereal disease. German test launch. ...
Siemens AG (NYSE: SI) is the worlds largest electronics company. ...
Slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration camp (Elie Wiesel is second row, seventh from left). ...
Dachau in autumn 2002. ...
Flossenbürg concentration camp was a German prison built in 1938 at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria. ...
Mauthausen is a small town in Upper Austria about 20 kilometers east of the city of Linz. ...
During World War 2 Neuengamme was a concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany[1]. The site is one of the few concentration camps in Germany where most of the buildings have been conserved and serves as a memorial today. ...
Sachsenhausen may refer to a quarter of Oranienburg in Germany, see Sachsenhausen (Oranienburg), and a detention facility here a quarter of Frankfurt am Main in Germany, see Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main) a municipality of Weimarer Land, see Sachsenhausen (Thüringen) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...
Ravensbrück had a gas chamber and crematorium, and at the end of 1944 it became a death camp. With the Soviet Army's rapid approach in the Spring of 1945, the SS decided to exterminate as many prisoners as they could in order to avoid anyone being left to testify as to what had happened in the camp. With the Russians only hours away, at the end of April, the SS ordered the women still physically well enough to walk to leave the camp. Less than 2,000 malnourished and sickly women and 300 men remained in the camp when it was liberated by the Red Army on April 30, 1945. The survivors of the Death March were liberated in the following hours by a Russian scout unit. By the time liberation came, tens of thousands (estimates are about 30,000 to 40,000) women and children had perished there. Gas chamber at San Quentin State Prison A gas chamber is a means of execution whereby a poisonous gas is introduced into a hermetically sealed chamber. ...
Cremation is the practice of disposing of a corpse by burning. ...
SS or ss or Ss may be: The Schutzstaffel, a Nazi paramilitary force Steamship (SS) (ship prefix) The United States Secret Service A submarine not powered by nuclear energy (SS) (United States Navy designator), see SSN A Soviet/Russian surface-to-surface missile, as listed by NATO reporting name Shortstop...
Red Army flag The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya in Russian), the armed forces organised by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ...
April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ...
1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Amongst the thousands executed by the Germans at Ravensbrück were four female members of the SOE: Denise Bloch, Cecily Lefort, Lilian Rolfe, and Violette Szabo as well as the Roman Catholic nun, Elise Rivet, Elisabeth de Rothschild, the 25-year-old French Princess Anne de Bauffremont-Courtenay, and Olga Benário, wife of the Brazilian Communist leader Luís Carlos Prestes. The largest group of executed women at the Ravensbrück camp, 200 in total, was the Polish group of young patriots, members of Polish Home Army. The Special Operations Executive (SOE), often called the Baker Street Irregulars after Sherlock Holmess fictional group of spies, was a World War II organisation initiated by Winston Churchill in July of 1940 as a mechanism for conducting warfare by means other than direct military engagement. ...
Denise Madeleine Bloch, born in 1915 in France - died February 5, 1945 in Ravensbrück, Germany, was a heroine of World War II. From a Jewish family, by the middle of 1942 in occupied France they were being rounded up by the Gestapo. ...
Cecily Margot Lefort (April 30, 1900 _ May 1, 1945) was a heroine of World War II. Born in London, England of Scottish ancestry, Lefort lived on the coast of France from the age of 24 with her French husband, Dr. Alex Lefort. ...
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Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell Szabo, G.C., M.B.E., CdG (June 26, 1921 - February 5?, 1945) was a World War II secret agent. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
Elise Rivet born January 19, 1890, in Draria, Algeria - died March 30, 1945, Ravensbrück, Germany, was a Roman Catholic nun and war heroine. ...
Elisabeth de Rothschild, born March 9, 1902 in Paris, France – died March 23, 1945 in Ravensbrück, Germany, was a member by marriage of the wine-making branch of the Rothschild family. ...
Luís Carlos Prestes Luís Carlos Prestes (January 3, 1898—March 7, 1990) was the legendary leader of the 1920s tenente rebellion and the Communist opposition to the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil. ...
For other meanings of Home Army see: Home Army (disambiguation) The Armia Krajowa or AK (Home Army) functioned as the pre-eminent underground military organization in German-occupied Poland, which functioned in all areas of the country from September 1939 until its disbanding in January 1945. ...
The name of the camp appeared in numerous trials held against Nazis after WWII. One of those trials Doctors' Trial was held by a Military Tribunal from October 1946 till February 1948 in Nuremberg, Germany. The following Nazi doctors participating in the medical experiments in Ravensbrück were found guilty and sentenced by the Tribunal: Karl Brandt at the Doctors Trial The Doctors Trial (or, officially, United States of America v. ...
1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
This article is about the city in Germany. ...
They all conducted or participated in various experiments such as sulphanilamide (Sulfonamide), bone, muscle, nerve regeneration, bone transplantation and sterilization experiments. In 1929, Viktor Brack became a member of the NSDAP and the SS. In 1936, he was supervising operation of the office 2 (Amt 2) in the Chancellery of the Führer in Berlin, that office examined complaints received by the Führer from all parts of Germany. ...
Rudolf Brandt (June 2, 1909, Frankfurt (Oder) - June 2, 1948), was a Nazi war criminal. ...
Brandt at the Doctors Trial Karl Brandt (January 8, 1904 - June 2, 1948) was the personal physician to Adolf Hitler and headed the administration of the Nazi euthanasia programme from 1939. ...
Fritz Fischer was born on 5th October, 1912 in Berlin. ...
Categories: Possible copyright violations ...
Karl Genzken was born 8th June,1895 in Preetz, Holstein. ...
Siegfried Handloser (25th March, 1895 - 3rd July, 1954) was a Doctor, Prof. ...
Joachim Mrugowsky (15 August 1905, Rathenow/Havel) – (2 June 1948) Hygienist. ...
Herta Oberheuser (born on May 15, 1911 in Cologne, died in 1978) was a doctor at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. ...
Adolf Pokorny was born on July 26, 1895 in Vienna. ...
Helmut Poppendick born on (1st June, 1902, Hude. ...
Paul Rostock born on January 18, 1892 (Kranz/Meseritz Area), died June 17, 1956, (Bad Tolz). ...
Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial agents derived from sulfonic acid. ...
Renewed attention and interest in the camp came about following the Düsseldorf War Crimes Trials, or the Majdanek Trial, which began in 1976. Among the most notorious of those placed on trial was a guard supervisor at Ravensbrück, Hermine Braunsteiner, who had been tracked down by the famous Nazi-hunter, Simon Wiesenthal. Numerous witnesses from Ravensbrück identified her as the pale, blue-eyed, six-foot tall blonde, called "The Stomping Mare" because of her penchant for killing children by trampling them, often in front of their mothers. In 1981, the then 61-year-old woman was sentenced to life imprisonment for numerous child murders and other brutal crimes. Other guards were tried at the Auschwitz Trial, Belsen Trial, Ravensbrück Trials or in individual trials: 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Hermine Braunsteiner born July 16, 1919 – died April 19, 1999, was a Nazi war criminal. ...
Simon Wiesenthal (born December 31, 1908 in Buczacz, Austria-Hungary, in an area which is now part of Ukraine) is best known for gathering information on Nazi war criminals so that they can be brought to trial. ...
1981 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
On Novembe 24, 1947, Polish authorities tried forty-one former members of staff from the Auschwitz concentration camps in a Krakow courtroom. ...
The Belsen Trial began in a Luneberg courtroom on September 17, 1945 against 44 former SS men, women and kapos (prisoner functionaries). ...
The Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials were a series of seven trials for war crimes against camp officials from the Ravensbrück concentration camp that the British authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Hamburg after the end of World War II. These trials were heard before a military tribunal; the...
were a few of the guards tried for war crimes at Ravensbrück, and at other camps at which they served. Little is known about Charlotte Arps. ...
Suze Arts was a concentration camp guard at two camps during the last three years of World War II. Suze Arts was born in Tilburg, Holland (Netherlands) sometime between 1920 and 1924. ...
Erika Bergmann was a female Nazi guard at several large and small slave labor camps during World War II. Erika Bergmann was born on January 3, 1915 in an unknown German city. ...
Margarete Bisaeke (or Biesaecke) (born August 27, 1922 in an unknown German city) was a female guard at two Nazi concentration camps. ...
Juana Bormann was a prison guard at several Nazi death and concentration camps, and was executed as a war criminal at Hameln after a trial in 1945. ...
Herta Bothe Lange (born January 8, 1921 in Teterow, Mecklenburg,Germany, was an infamous female nazi concentration camp guard. ...
Therese Rose Brandl was born on February 1, 1902 in Staudach, Austria. ...
Herta (born Liess, married Ehlert, divorced Naumann) was a female guard at many Nazi camps during the whole period of World War II. Herta (Hertha) was born as Hertha Liess in Berlin, Germany on March 26, 1905. ...
Agnes was a female guard at two Nazi camps from 1944 until 1945. ...
Wilma Fath was known for her role as a concentration camp guard in two camps during the final faze of World War II. Wilma Fath was born on October 8, 1913 in Bad Ragaz, Germany. ...
Anna Fest was a little known member of the Nazi Regime. ...
Irma Grese Irma Grese (October 7, 1923 - December 13, 1945) was a supervisor at the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. ...
Elly Hartmann was a staff member at two Nazi concentration camps. ...
Ruth Elfriede Hildner (November 1, 1919 - May 2, 1947) was an SS guard at several Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Hildner was conscripted into camp service in July 1944 and on July 10, 1944 she arrived at Ravensbruck to be trained as a camp matron. ...
Ulla Erna Frieda Juerss was a sadistic female guard at a Nazi concentration camp. ...
Wally Meta Kilkowski was a female overseer at two Nazi camps during World War II. Wally Meta Kilkowski was born on September 26, 1921 in Berlin, Germany. ...
Elizabeth Lupka was a Nazi guard at two camps during the Nazi Regime. ...
Elfriede Hildegard Mohnecke was a brutal guard at two Nazi camps. ...
Margarete Rabe was a female guard at two concentration camps from November 1944 until April 1945. ...
Gertrud was a female guard at two Nazi concentration camps, and a guard supervisor at a prison during seven years of the THIRD REICH. Gertrud Rabestein was born in Naumburg, Germany on January 5, 1903. ...
Categories: 1919 births | 1945 deaths | Holocaust | Nazi leaders | Personnel of Nazi concentration camps | People stubs ...
Frieda Woetzel was a lady officer at two Nazi camps from August 1944, until April 1945. ...
Emma Zimmer was a female overseer at a Nazi concentration camp for two years during the war. ...
Information on all these guards, except Suze Arts and Elizabeth Lupka were found in Daniel Patrick Brown's book, "THE CAMP WOMEN The Female Auxiliaries Who Assisted the SS in Running the Concentration Camp System." Suze Arts was a concentration camp guard at two camps during the last three years of World War II. Suze Arts was born in Tilburg, Holland (Netherlands) sometime between 1920 and 1924. ...
Elizabeth Lupka was a Nazi guard at two camps during the Nazi Regime. ...
See also:
List of subcamps of Ravensbrück concentration camp complex. ...
See also the related article on Nazi concentration camps The following is a list of German concentration camps during World War II. are marked with pink, while major concentration camps of are marked with blue. ...
External links - Homepage Memorial Ravensbrueck (http://www.ravensbrueck.de)
- Medical Experiments Conducted on Polish Inmates (http://individual.utoronto.ca/jarekg/Ravensbruck)
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