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Raymond Loewy standing on one of his designs, the Pennsylvania Railroad's S1 steam locomotive.

Raymond Loewy (November 5, 1893 - July 14, 1986) was one of the best known industrial designers of the 20th century. Born in France, he spent most of his professional career in the United States, where he influenced countless aspects of American life. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Industrial designer Raymond Loewy standing on one of his designs, the Pennsylvania Railroads S1 steam locomotive. ... Industrial designer Raymond Loewy standing on one of his designs, the Pennsylvania Railroads S1 steam locomotive. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... The Pennsylvania Railroads class S1 comprised a single steam locomotive of 6-4-4-6 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, the only locomotive of such arrangement ever constructed. ... One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Example of industrial design item - hanger chair Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. ...

Loewy became a U.S. citizen in 1938. He married Viola Erickson in 1948. They had a daughter, Laurence. Laurence Loewy continues to manage her father's interests in the United States. United States citizenship is membership of the United States political system. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Early life

Loewy was born in Paris in 1893. An early accomplishment was the design of a successful model aircraft, which won the James Gordon Bennett Cup in 1908. By the following year, he was selling the plane, named the Ayrel. He served in the French Army during World War I, attaining the rank of captain. Loewy was wounded in combat and received the Croix de Guerre. He boarded a ship to America in 1919, with only his French officer's uniform and forty dollars in his pocket. Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A Die Cast Boeing 747-800 static model. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Early work

Hoover Vacuum Company Logo by Raymond Loewy

In Loewy's early years in the U.S., he lived in New York and found work as a window designer for department stores, including Macy's, in addition to working as a fashion illustrator for Vogue and Harper's Bazaar. In 1929 he received his first industrial design commission, modernizing the appearance of a duplicating machine by Gestetner. Further commissions followed, including work for Westinghouse, the Hupp Motor Company (the Hupmobile styling), and styling the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears-Roebuck. His design firm opened a London office in the mid 1930s. Image File history File links Hooverlogo. ... Image File history File links Hooverlogo. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... The interior of a typical Macys department store. ... This article is about the R. H. Macy & Co. ... An illustrator is a graphic artist who specializes in enhancing written text by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text. ... For other meanings, see vogue. ... For the 1960s musical group, see Harpers Bizarre. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Duplicating machines were the predecessors of modern document-reproduction technology. ... The Gestetner, named for its inventor David Gestetner, is a duplicating machine. ... The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an organization founded by George Westinghouse in 1886 as Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company. ... The Hupp Motor Car Company was founded by Robert Craig Hupp, a native of Grand Rapids, Michigan, on November 8, 1908 in Detroit, Michigan, USA, and began manufacturing its first automobiles soon thereafter. ... Sears, Roebuck and Company (NYSE: S) was founded in Chicago, Illinois as a catalog merchandiser in 1886 by Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck. ... The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the [[. In East Asia, the rise of militarism occurred. ...

Pennsylvania Railroad

In 1937 Loewy established a relationship with the Pennsylvania Railroad, and his most notable designs for the firm were their passenger locomotives. He designed a streamlined shroud for K4s Pacific #3768 to haul the newly redesigned 1938 Broadway Limited (also by Loewy). He followed by styling the experimental S1 locomotive, as well as the T1 class. Later, at the PRR's request, he restyled Baldwin's diesels with a distinctive "sharknose" reminiscent of the T1. While he did not design the famous GG1 electric locomotives, he improved its appearance by recommending welded construction, rather than riveted, and a pinstriped paint scheme to highlight its smooth contours. Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... Great Western Railway No. ... Categories: PRR locomotives | 4-6-2 locomotives | Stub ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The all-Pullman Broadway Limited cruises through Metuchen, New Jersey in the Summer of 1961. ... The Pennsylvania Railroads class S1 comprised a single steam locomotive of 6-4-4-6 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, the only locomotive of such arrangement ever constructed. ... A T1 prototype leaves Chicagos Union Station in February 1943 with the Manhattan Limited to New York. ... Baldwin Locomotive Works builders plate, 1922 The Baldwin Locomotive Works was an American builder of railroad locomotives. ... A modern Diesel locomotive. ... The Pennsylvania Railroads GG1 class of electric locomotives were built between 1934 to 1943 at the PRR shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania, with a total of 139 units constructed. ... Modern AC locomotive (DBAG Class 152). ...

In addition to locomotive design, Loewy's studios performed many kinds of design work for the PRR, including stations, passenger car interiors, and advertising materials.

Studebaker

Raymond Loewy's 1930s era Studebaker logo

Loewy began his long and productive relationship with Studebaker in 1939.^[1] Loewy and Associates was contracted to provide design services for the automaker during the waning years of the Great Depression. His designs first began appearing on late 1930s model Studebakers. Studebaker also adopted his clean, uncluttered logo design, replacing one in use since the turn of the century. Image File history File links Studebakerlogo1940s. ... Image File history File links Studebakerlogo1940s. ... Studebaker Corporation, or simply Studebaker, was a United States wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana. ...

During World War II, government restrictions on in-house design departments at Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler prevented official work on civilian automobiles. Because Loewy's firm was independent of the nation’s fourth-largest automobile producer, no such restrictions applied. This permitted Studebaker to launch the first all-new postwar automobile in 1947, two years ahead of the "Big Three". His team developed an advanced design, featuring flush front fenders and clean rearward lines. They also created the Starlight body, featuring a rear window system wrapping 180 degrees around the rear seat. The Starlight coupe was a unique 2-door body style offered by Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana (USA) from 1947 to 1952 in its Champion and Commander model series. ...

1953 Studebaker Commander Starlight coupe

In addition to the iconic bullet-nosed Studebakers of 1950 and 1951, the team created the 1953 Studebaker line, highlighted by the Starliner and Starlight coupes (publicly credited to Loewy, they were actually the work of his deputy, Virgil Exner^[2]), which have consistently ranked as one of the best-designed automobiles of the 1950s in lists compiled since by Collectible Automobile, Car and Driver, and Motor Trend. At the time, however, the Starlight was ridiculed as bizarre (very similar from front or back), while the '53 Starliner, today recognized as "one of the most beautiful cars ever made",^[3] was almost as radical in appearance as the 1934 Airflow, and beset by production problems, besides.^[4] To brand the new line, Loewy also modernized Studebaker’s logo again by applying the “Lazy S” element. 1953 Studebaker Commander, photographed by Matthew Brown (the uploader, User:Morven) May 25, 2003 at the Studebaker show in Anaheim, CA and released here under the GFDL. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1953 Studebaker Commander, photographed by Matthew Brown (the uploader, User:Morven) May 25, 2003 at the Studebaker show in Anaheim, CA and released here under the GFDL. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Virgil Ex Exner (September 24, 1909–December 22, 1973) was an automobile designer for numerous American companies, notably Chrysler and Studebaker. ... Cover of Car and Driver from age of psychedelic lettering Car and Driver is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. ... Motor Trend is one of the oldest automotive magazines still publishing. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

His final commission of the 1950s for Studebaker was the transformation of the Starlight and Starliner coupes into the Hawk series for the 1956 model year. Studebaker Silver Hawk The Studebaker Silver Hawk was an automobile produced between 1957 and 1959 by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana. ...

He was called back to Studebaker by the firm's new president President, Sherwood Egbert, to design the Avanti. In the spring of 1961, Egbert hired him to help energize Studebaker's soon-to-be released line of 1963 passenger cars to attract younger buyers. He agreed to take the job, despite the short 40-day schedule allowed to produce a finished design and scale model. Sherwood Harry Egbert (1920-1969) served as president of the Studebaker-Packard Corporation and Studebaker Corporation from 1961 to 1963. ... Studebaker Avanti The Studebaker Avanti was a sports coupe originally built by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, USA between June of 1962 and December of 1963. ...

1963 Studebaker Avanti

He quickly recruited a team consisting of experienced designers, including former Loewy employees John Ebstein and Bob Andrews, and Tom Kellogg, a young student from Art Center. The team sequestered themselves in a house in Palm Springs, leased for the purpose. Each team member had a role: Andrews and Kellogg handled sketching, Ebstein oversaw the project, and Loewy served as the creative director and offered advice. 1963 Studebaker Avanti. ... 1963 Studebaker Avanti. ... Photo of Art Center during the night. ...

Once the Avanti hit the market, it became an instant classic and has many devotees today; others consider its front end styling peculiar. It has been produced in limited quantities over the years by a succession of small independent companies, never with real commercial success.

Loewy designs

• Air France Concorde (interior), 1975
• Air Force One (blue, white, & chrome livery), also applied in 2006 to Union Pacific diesel locomotive #4141 to honor George H. W. Bush (the 41st president)
• Baldwin Locomotive Works Model DR-4-4-15 "Sharknose" diesel locomotives
• Chubb logo, 1968
• Coca-Cola Redesigned original contour bottle in 1955, eliminating Coca-Cola embossing & adding vivid white Coke & Coca-Cola lettering, designed & introduced first king-size or slenderized bottles, that is, 10, 12, 16 and 26 oz. the same year. Designed the first Coke steel can with diamond design in 1960.
• Coop logo
• Exxon logo, 1972
• The O. Winston Link Museum in Roanoke, Virginia, 1947 (renovation)
• Fairbanks-Morse "Erie-built" and "C-liner" models, Model H-10-44 and H-20-44, and early Model H-12-44, H-12-46, H-15-44, H-16-44, H-16-66, and H-24-66 diesel locomotives
• Farmall tractor letter series, 1939-1954
• Filben Maestro jukebox of 1947
• Frigidaire refrigerators, ranges, and freezers
• Gestetner mimeograph duplicating machine shell, 1929
• Greyhound Scenicruiser, 1954
• Hallicrafters Model S-38 shortwave radio, 1946 [1]
• IBM 026 key punch, 1949
• Leisurama homes
• Lucky Strike package, 1940
• NASA's Skylab space station, first interior design standards for space travel including a porthole to allow a view of earth from space, interior designs and color schemes, a private area for each crew member to relax and sleep, food table and trays, coveralls, garment storage modules, designs for waste management
• New York City Transit Authority R40 car, whose slant-front design raised safety concerns and had to be retrofitted with guide rails.
• Northern Pacific Railway, Vista-Dome North Coast Limited (exterior color scheme and interiors), 1954.
• Panama Line: Loewy designed the interiors for a trio of American-built passenger-cargo liners named the SS Ancon, SS Cristobal and SS Panama.
• Pennsylvania Railroad:
  • PRR K4s steam locomotive
  • PRR S1 steam locomotive
  • PRR T1 steam locomotive
  • PRR GG1 electric locomotive, 1936
• Postage stamp :
  

  

  Concept sketch of the 1963 Avanti by Loewy
  • Five cents John Kennedy, 1964
• Sears products, including 1935 Sears Coldspot
• Shell logo, 1971
• Studebaker
  • 1947 Studebaker Champion
  • 1953 Studebaker Commander
  • 1963 Studebaker Avanti
• Hillman Minx Series one onward.
• the Wahl-Eversharp Symphony fountain pen.

The International Harvester "IH" "Man on a tractor" logo. Air France (formally Société Air France) is Europes largest airline company. ... For other uses, see Concorde (disambiguation). ... For the current aircraft, see Boeing VC-25. ... Union Pacific 4141 is an EMD SD70ACe locomotive owned by Union Pacific. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... Baldwin Locomotive Works builders plate, 1922 The Baldwin Locomotive Works was an American builder of railroad locomotives. ... Missouri Pacific Railroad Baldwin DR-4-4-15 Babyface units at Jefferson City, Missouri in 1953. ... Diversity Chubb Corporation received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2004, the third year of the report. ... The wave shape (known as the dynamic ribbon device) present on all Coca-Cola cans throughout the world derives from the contour of the original Coca-Cola bottles. ... This article is about the fuel brand. ... The O. Winston Link Museum is a museum dedicated to the photography of O. Winston Link, the twentieth century photographer widely considered the master of the juxtaposition between steam railroading and rural culture. ... Nickname: Location in Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Government  - Mayor Nelson Harris Area  - City  43 sq mi (111. ... An April, 1950 print advertisement for Fairbanks-Morse opposed piston engines. ... Back-to-back Erie-built cab units lead the Milwaukee Roads Olympian Hiawatha passenger train through Butte, Montana in June, 1949. ... Canadian Locomotive Company #4105, a Fairbanks-Morse Model CPA-16-4 C-liner decked out in Canadian Pacific Railway livery. ... Chehalis Western Railroad #493, an FM H-10-44 yard switcher, one of two purchased by the CWR. The unit was equipped for multiple unit operation and subsequently upgraded to 1,200 hp. ... Former Union Pacific #1366, an FM H-20-44 road switcher, now on display at the Pacific Southwest Railway Museum in Campo, California. ... Chicago, Milwaukee, St. ... The FM H-12-46 was a light road switcher of Fairbanks-Morse design manufactured exclusively by the Canadian Locomotive Company from October, 1951–January, 1953 for the Canadian National Railway. ... Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad #151, an FM H-15-44 road switcher, leads a westbound freight train out of Denver, Colorado in July, 1952. ... Canadian Pacific Railroad #8555, an FM H-16-44 road switcher, passes through Calgary, Alberta in April, 1975. ... Chicago, Milwaukee, St. ... Chicago, Milwaukee, St. ... The Farmall was the first general purpose tractor with narrowly spaced front wheels. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Frigidaire is a major US appliance company owned by Electrolux. ... The Gestetner, named for its inventor David Gestetner, is a duplicating machine. ... This article is about the US bus line. ... The Hallicrafters Company, Chicago, USA. American Radio Manufacturer. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... IBM 029 keypunch. ... One of the more than 200 Leisurama homes at Culloden Point Leisurama was a style of prefabricated housing aimed as affordable second homes that was inspired by the 1959 Kitchen Debate between Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon. ... For the CSI episode of the same name, see Lucky Strike (CSI episode). ... For other uses, see NASA (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Skylab (disambiguation). ... The International Space Station in 2007 A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ... The New York City Transit Authority (also known as NYCTA, Transit, NYCT for New York City Transit or simply the TA for Transit Authority) is a New York State authority that operates buses and subway trains in New York City. ... R40 running on the Brighton Express (although it was running local when this picture was taken) Q Service before the Manhattan Bridge rehabilitation in 2001 The upper portion of the R40 interior The R40 (sometimes referred to as R40 Slant to distinguish it from the later R40M) is a New... The Northern Pacific Railway (AAR reporting marks NP) was a railway that operated in the north-central region of the United States. ... The North Coast Limited was a famous passenger train operated by the Northern Pacific Railway between Chicago and Seattle. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... Categories: PRR locomotives | 4-6-2 locomotives | Stub ... One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ... The Pennsylvania Railroads class S1 comprised a single steam locomotive of 6-4-4-6 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, the only locomotive of such arrangement ever constructed. ... One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ... A T1 prototype leaves Chicagos Union Station in February 1943 with the Manhattan Limited to New York. ... One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ... The Pennsylvania Railroads GG1 class of electric locomotives were built between 1934 to 1943 at the PRR shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania, with a total of 139 units constructed. ... Modern AC locomotive (DBAG Class 152). ... A selection of Hong Kong postage stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... Image File history File links LC-USZC4-3923_Avanti_Loewy. ... Image File history File links LC-USZC4-3923_Avanti_Loewy. ... The five cents John Kennedy is the first United States postage stamp to pay tribute to President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. ... Sears, Roebuck and Company is an American mid-range chain of international department stores, founded by Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck in the late 19th century. ... Royal Dutch Shell plc is a multinational oil company of British and Dutch origins. ... Studebaker Corporation, or simply Studebaker, was a United States wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Champion was an automobile series of the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 Commander roadster. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Studebaker Avanti The Studebaker Avanti was a sports coupe originally built by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, USA between June of 1962 and December of 1963. ... Categories: Automobile stubs | Hillman vehicles ...

Bibliography

• The Locomotive: Its Aesthetics (1937)
• Never Leave Well Enough Alone (1951) ISBN 0-8018-7211-1 autobiography
• Industrial Design (1979) ISBN 0-87951-260-1

References

External links

• RaymondLoewy.com - official site by his estate
• RaymondLoewy.org - official site of Loewy Design, LLC
• The Raymond Loewy Foundation
• Designs for a Consumer Culture - the Hagley Museum and Library online exhibit
• The Loewy archive and Audio-visual collection at the Hagley Museum and Library
• Design drawing for Exxon logo by Raymond Loewy - American Treasures of the Library of Congress
• Art Directors Club biography, portrait and images of work
• Loewy Group : Marketing Agency
• Up from the Egg, TIME Magazine, October 31, 1949
• 1er Raymond Loewy Club, biography Raymond Loewy, School Design