NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Raynaud's disease

Raynaud's disease (RAY-noz) is a condition that affects blood flow to the extremities which include the fingers, toes, nose and ears when exposed to temperature changes or stress. It was named after Maurice Raynaud (1834 - 1881), a French physician who first described it in 1862. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // I00-I99 - Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I02) Acute rheumatic fever (I00) Rheumatic fever without mention of heart involvement (I01) Rheumatic fever with heart involvement (I02) Rheumatic chorea (I05-I09) Chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05) Rheumatic mitral valve diseases (I050) Mitral stenosis (I051) Rheumatic mitral insufficiency (I06) Rheumatic aortic... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Toes are the digits of the foot of a human or animal. ... For the article about nose in humans, see human nose Human nose in profile Elephants have prehensile noses Dogs have very sensitive noses Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. ... For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ... Maurice Raynaud is the French doctor who discovered Raynauds Disease in the late 1800s. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Symptoms

The symptoms include several cyclic color changes: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

All three colour changes are present in classic Raynaud's disease. However, some patients do not see all of the colour changes in all outbreaks of this condition. General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Cyanosis refers to the bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface. ... For a person to flush is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions. ... For other uses, see swelling. ... Paresthesia (paraesthesia in British) is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause, more generally known as the feeling of pins and needles. ... Hyperaemia (AmE hyperemia) is the medical condition in which blood congests in a part of the body. ...

Disease vs. phenomenon

It is important to distinguish Raynaud's disease from Raynaud's phenomenon. In order to diagnose these two forms of Raynaud's, your doctor may look for signs of arthritis or vasculitis and conduct a number of laboratory tests. Raynauds phenomenon (RAY-noz), in medicine, is a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other extremities, named for French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834 - 1881). ... Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. ... In medicine, vasculitis (plural: vasculitides) is a group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels due to leukocyte migration and resultant damage. ... A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on biological specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient. ...

Primary Raynaud's (disease)

Raynaud's disease (or "Primary Raynaud's") is diagnosed if the symptoms occur only by themselves and are not accompanied by other diseases. Primary Raynaud's often develops in young women in their teens and young adulthood. This form of Raynaud's is thought to be hereditary, although it is uncertain if it is actually genetic or if it is simply recognized more often within families of people diagnosed with the disease.

Secondary Raynaud's (phenomenon)

Raynaud's phenomenon (or "Secondary Raynaud's") occurs secondary to many different causes:

In contrast to the disease form, this form of Raynaud's can progress to necrosis or gangrene of the fingertips. Connective tissue diseases are diseases involving a disorder of the bodys connective tissues. ... Scleroderma is a rare, chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen in the skin or other organs. ... Scleroderma is a rare, chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen. ... Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. ... This article is about the medical condition. ... Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels (arteries and veins). ... Beta blockers or beta-adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs used to treat a variety of cardiovascular conditions and some other diseases. ... Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor used for migraine prevention and is sometimes mixed with caffeine. ... Necrosis (in Greek ÎÎµÎºÏÏŒÏ‚ = Death) is the name given to accidental death of cells and living tissue. ... Gangrene is necrosis and subsequent decay of body tissues caused by infection or thrombosis or lack of blood flow. ...

Prevention

Patients with Raynaud's disease are advised to keep warm by wearing gloves and socks. They should also avoid stress, medicines that can constrict blood vessels such as decongestants and touching cold objects. Patients are also advised to avoid foods and activities that may constrict blood vessels such as drinking caffeinated drinks and smoking. Avoiding artificially cold environments, such as refrigerated or highly air conditioned spaces, can also help prevent episodes from occurring. A glove (Middle English from Old English glof) is a type of garment which covers the hand. ... A decongestant is a broad class of drugs designed to symptomatically treat ailments affecting the respiratory system. ...

Treatment

The severity of the disease runs from mild to severe. In people with mild cases, this may be simply an annoyance. Hand warmers may be used on the wrists to warm the blood flowing to the hands. More serious cases require medical intervention due to the risks of gangrene and possible digital amputation. Microvascular surgery of the affected areas is a possible therapy. Raynauds phenomenon (RAY-noz), in medicine, is a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other extremities, named for French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834 - 1881). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Heating pad. ... Gangrene is necrosis and subsequent decay of body tissues caused by infection or thrombosis or lack of blood flow. ... Partial hand amputation For the song Amputations by Death Cab for Cutie, see You Can Play These Songs with Chords Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma (also referred to as avulsion) or surgery. ... Microsurgery is a type of surgery where an operating microscope is used. ...

Treatment for Raynaud's disease may include prescription medicines that dilate blood vessels, such as calcium channel blockers (nifedipine). Mild cases of Raynaud's can be addressed by biofeedback or a technique to help control involuntary body functions such as skin temperature. In severe cases, a sympathectomy procedure can be performed. Here, the nerves that signals the blood vessels of the fingertips to constrict are surgically cut. Calcium channel blockers are a class of drugs with effects on many excitable cells of the body, like the muscle of the heart, smooth muscles of the vessels or neuron cells. ... Nifedipine (brand name Adalat and Procardia) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. ... Biofeedback mechanism. ... Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy (ETS) is a medical procedure where certain sympathetic nerve ganglia are burned, cut or clamped. ...

References

See also

In medicine, Raynauds phenomenon is discoloration of the fingers or toes due to emotion or cold in a characteristic pattern in time: white, blue and red. ... Scleroderma is a rare, chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen. ... Vasospasm refers to a condition in which blood vessels spasm, leading to constriction. ...

External links

Categories: Syndromes | Rheumatology Diagram of the human circulatory system. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In kidney, as a result of benign arterial hypertension, hyaline (pink, amorphous, homogeneous material) accumulates in the wall of small arteries and arterioles, producing the thickening of their walls and the narrowing of the lumens - hyaline arteriolosclerosis. ... While most forms of hypertension have no known underlying cause (and are thus known as essential hypertension or primary hypertension), in about 10% of the cases, there is a known cause, and thus the hypertension is secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension). ... Renovascular hypertension (or renal hypertension) is a form of secondary hypertension. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Coronary heart disease. ... Prinzmetals angina, also known as variant angina or angina inversa, is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles. ... Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ... Dresslers syndrome is a form of pericarditis that occurs in the setting of injury to the heart or the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart). ... Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. ... Cor pulmonale, also known as right heart failure, is a medical term used to describe a change in structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of a respiratory disorder. ... The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels. ... Pericarditis is inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart, the pericardium. ... Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade, is a medical emergency condition where liquid accumulates in the pericardium in a relatively short time. ... In the heart, the endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. ... Grays Fig. ... Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. ... Mitral regurgitation (MR), also known as mitral insufficiency, is the abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve, from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart. ... Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart valve condition marked by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole. ... Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. ... Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a heart condition caused by the incomplete opening of the aortic valve. ... Aortic insufficiency (AI), also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. ... Pulmonary valve stenosis is a medical condition in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. ... Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart. ... In medicine (cardiology), myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart. ... Dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM (also known as congestive cardiomyopathy), is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is dilated, often without any obvious cause. ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause. ... This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common cardiomyopathy. ... Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD, also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or ARVC) is a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy that involves primarily the right ventricle. ... The normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to (and stimulate) the myocardium (Cardiac muscle). ... First degree AV block or PR prolongation is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which the PR interval is lengthened. ... Second degree AV block is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart. ... Third degree AV block, also known as complete heart block, is a defect of the electrical system of the heart, in which the impulse generated in the atria (typically the SA node on top of the right atrium) does not propagate to the ventricles. ... Bundle branch block refers to a disorder of the hearts electrical conducting system. ... ECG characteristics of a typical LBBB showing wide QRS complexes with abnormal morphology in leads V1 and V6. ... Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a cardiac conduction abnormality seen on electrocardiogram (EKG). ... Bifascicular block is a conduction abnormality in the heart where two of the three main fascicles of the His/Purkinje system are blocked. ... Trifascicular heart block is the triad of first degree heart block, right bundle branch block, and either left anterior or left posterior hemi block seen on an electrocardiogram (EKG). ... Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a syndrome of pre-excitation of the ventricles of the heart due to an accessory pathway known as the Bundle of Kent. ... Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL) is a syndrome of pre-excitation of the ventricles due to an accessory pathway providing an abnormal electrical communication from the atria to the ventricles. ... The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heart disease in which there is an abnormally long delay between the electrical excitation (or depolarization) and relaxation (repolarization) of the ventricles of the heart. ... Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the electrical activity of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. ... A supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid rhythm of the heart in which the origin of the electrical signal is either the atria or the AV node. ... AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of reentrant tachycardia (fast rhythm) of the heart. ... Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach or VT) is a fast rhythm that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart. ... Atrial flutter is an abnormal fast heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart. ... Atrial fibrillation (AF or afib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (cardiac arrhythmia) which involves the two small, upper heart chambers (the atria). ... Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a cardiac condition which consists of a lack of coordination of the contraction of the muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart that eventually leads to the heart stopping altogether. ... pac This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sick sinus syndrome, also called Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome is a group of abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) presumably caused by a malfunction of the sinus node, the hearts natural pacemaker. ... Cardiomegaly is a medical condition wherein the heart is enlarged. ... Although ventricular hypertrophy may occur in either the left or right or both ventricles of the heart , left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more commonly encountered. ... Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the abnormal thickening of the myocardium (muscle) of the left ventricle of the heart. ... Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a form of ventricular hypertrophy affecting the right ventricle. ... Section of an artery An artery or arterial is also a class of highway. ... An arteriole is a blood vessel that extends and branchs out from an artery and leads to capillaries. ... The word capillary is used to describe any very narrow tube or channel through which a fluid can pass. ... Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of the renal artery. ... Aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta (the largest artery of the body). ... Raynauds phenomenon (RAY-noz), in medicine, is a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other extremities, named for French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834 - 1881). ... Buergers disease (also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) is an acute inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins of the hands and feet. ... Arteritis is inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or auto-immune response. ... Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta. ... Intermittent claudication is a cramping sensation in the legs that is present during exercise or walking and occurs as a result of decreased oxygen supply. ... An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. ... In medicine, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, is a genetic disorder that leads to vascular malformations. ... A spider angioma (also known as a nevus araneus, spider nevus, or vascular spider) is a type of angioma found slightly below the skins surface, often containing a central red spot and reddish extensions which radiate outwards like a spiders web. ... In the circulatory system, a vein is a blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart. ... Lymph originates as blood plasma lost from the circulatory system, which leaks out into the surrounding tissues. ... Lymph nodes are components of the lymphatic system. ... Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ... Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into deep vein thrombosis. ... This article is about Deep-vein thrombosis. ... May-Thurner syndrome is deep vein thrombosis of the iliofemoral vein due to compression of the left common iliac vein by overlying right common iliac artery. ... A venous thrombosis is a blood clot that forms within a vein. ... In medicine (gastroenterology and hepatology), Budd-Chiari syndrome is the clinical picture caused by occlusion of the hepatic vein. ... Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is the formation of a clot or thrombus obstructing the renal vein, leading to a reduction in drainage of the kidney. ... Paget-Schroetter disease (also Paget-von SchrÃ¶tter disease) refers to deep vein thrombosis of an upper extremity vein, including the axillary vein or subclavian vein. ... Vein gymnastics in the barefoot park Dornstetten, Germany. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... In medicine (gastroenterology), esophageal varices are extreme dilations of sub mucosal veins in the mucosa of the esophagus in diseases featuring portal hypertension, secondary to cirrhosis primarily. ... Cross section showing the pampiniform plexus Varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins in the scrotum draining the testicles. ... Gastric varices are dilated submucosal veins in the stomach. ... Caput medusae means dilated veins around the umbilicus. ... Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a result of obstruction of the superior vena cava. ... Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning disease of the lymph nodes. ... Azskeptic 17:34, 10 July 2007 (UTC) Lymphedema, also spelled lymphoedema, also known as lymphatic obstruction, is a condition of localized fluid retention caused by a compromised lymphatic system. ...

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