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A nuclear reactor is sometimes called an atomic pile because a reactor using graphite as a moderator consists of a pile of graphite blocks with rods of uranium fuel inserted into it.
Reactors in which the uranium rods are immersed in a bath of heavy water are often referred to as “swimming-pool” reactors.
In a fusion reactor, the principal problem is the containment of the plasma fuel, which must be at a temperature of millions of degrees in order to initiate the reaction.
A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate (as opposed to a nuclear explosion, where the chain reaction occurs in a split second).
Some reactors, whether experimental or military, are designed with no concern for making use of the generated heat, as their goal is to make use of the neutron radiation to transmute elements.
The fraction of the reactor's fuel core replaced during refueling is typically one-fourth for a boiling-water reactor and one-third for a pressurized-water reactor.
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