The rear naked choke (often abbreviated RNC) is a chokehold in martial arts applied from an opponent's back. Depending on the context, the term may refer to one of two variations of the technique. Either arm can be used to apply the choke in both cases. The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... Look up Back in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up ARM in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The term rear naked choke likely originated from the technique in Jiujitsu and Judo known as the "Hadaka Jime," or "Naked Strangle." The word "naked" in this context suggests that, unlike other strangulation techniques found in Jiujitsu/Judo, this hold does not require the use of a keikogi ("gi") or training uniform. Jujutsu (also jujitsu, ju jitsu, ju jutsu, or jiu jitsu; from the Japanese 柔術 jūjutsu gentle/yielding/compliant Art) is a Japanese martial art. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ... Keikogi (稽古着 or 稽古衣) is a Japanese word which means uniform for training (keiko means practice, gi means dress or clothes), another posibility is to use the word Dogi which means the uniform you wear on the path that you have been chosen, if you put the name of the sport itself...

The choke has two variations^[1]: in one version, the attacker's arm encircles the opponent's neck and then grabs his own biceps on the other arm (see below for details); in the second version, the attacker clasps his hands together instead after encircling the opponent's neck.

"Figure Four" variation

In martial arts, the term RNC often refers to the hand-on-biceps version (sometimes the shoulder since hands on shoulder allows less space for the other person to escape but getting in that position is rare.) This variant is considered to be a "blood choke" because it restricts blood flow to the brain via the carotid arteries. When done correctly, it can cause temporary unconsciousness in a few seconds. The following is a description of this technique using the left arm -- the attacker's left arm encircles the opponent's neck, with the opponent's trachea at the crook of the elbow. The attacker's left hand then grasps his own upper right arm (biceps region). The right hand is placed behind (or occasionally on top of) the opponent's head. The elbows are then brought together such that lateral pressure is applied to the neck on both sides. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... In human anatomy, the carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. ... Unconsciousness is the absence of consciousness. ... Look up left in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ... A person flexing his biceps brachii In human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a muscle on the upper arm that acts to flex the elbow. ...

According to an article by Neil Ohlenkamp called [Principles of Judo Choking Techniques] "Different Chokes for Different Folks", the rear naked choke is the safest and most commonly taught strangulation technique in Judo. When applied properly unconsciousness occurs in about 10 seconds and recovery from the choke is just as quick. Since the technique only applies pressure on the arteries in the neck that take blood to the brain no permanent damage is done to the body.

This technique is often used in certain grappling martial arts such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, and is one of the most common ways to win a match in mixed martial arts competition^[2]. It is also a lateral vascular neck restraint used by law enforcement. It is known in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu as mata leão, meaning "kill the lion" or "lion killer" in Portuguese, likely as a homage to the tale of the slaying of the Nemean Lion by Heracles (Hercules) using a chokehold (various paintings, however, depict Heracles as using a frontal chokehold instead). For other uses, see Grapple. ... Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting with the goal of gaining a dominant position and using joint-locks and chokeholds to force an opponent to submit. ... For the band, see The Police. ... The Nemean Lion (Latin: Leo Nemaeus) was a vicious monster in Greek mythology that lived in Nemea. ... Alcides redirects here. ... For other uses, see Hercules (disambiguation). ... The guillotine choke is a chokehold in martial arts applied from in front of the opponent. ...

"Clasping Hands" variation

This variation has the supporting hand clasp the hand of the choking arm, allowing more pressure to be applied to the neck, but losing some of the control of the head. This alters the choke somewhat so that it is more likely to be applied as an airway-restricting choke or mixed blood and air choke, which results in more pain but a slower choke-out. As such, this technique is less frequently used at advanced levels in Judo^[3]. Nonetheless, it has seen some successful applications in mixed martial arts competition: for instance, it was used by Fedor Emelianenko, a heavyweight champion in PRIDE, to defeat Kazuyuki Fujita at the PRIDE 26 event in 2003. Fujita tapped out about five seconds after the choke was applied. It was also used by UFC fighter Matt Hughes to defeat Frank Trigg in their second fight which was transitioned from a hand-on-biceps version of the RNC. Some also still refer to this lock as the "Severn Lock" due to its usage by former Ultimate Fighting Champion Dan Severn. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1312x2000, 337 KB) Summary A rear choke. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1312x2000, 337 KB) Summary A rear choke. ... Fedor Emelianenko (IPA: , Russian: Федор Емельяненко, sometimes romanized as Fyodor Yemelyanenko) (born September 28, 1976) is a Ukrainian-born Russian heavyweight mixed martial artist and the last person to hold the PRIDE heavyweight championship. ... This article is about the emotion. ... Kazuyuki Fujita (藤田和之 Fujita Kazuyuki, born October 16, 1970) is a Japanese professional wrestler, a mixed martial arts fighter and a former amateur wrestler. ... UFC is a TLA that can stand for Ultimate Fighting Championship Umeå FC This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Matthew Allen Hughes (born October 13, 1973 in Hillsboro, Illinois) is a professional mixed martial arts fighter and a former 2-time UFC World Welterweight Champion. ... Dewey Franklin Trigg III (Born May 7, 1972), usually known as Frank Trigg and nicknamed Twinkle Toes, is an American mixed martial arts fighter, color commentator for PRIDE Fighting Championships, co-host of MMAWeekly. ... Daniel The Beast Severn (born June 8, 1958 in Coldwater, Michigan) is an American mixed martial artist and professional wrestler, notable for his success in the early years of Ultimate Fighting Championship tournaments. ...

Judo

In Judo, the rear naked choke is known as hadaka jime (裸絞, hadaka jime^?) meaning naked strangulation, one of the twelve constriction techniques of Kodokan Judo in the Shime-waza list. It is also three (in variation) of Danzan Ryu's twenty-five techniques in the Shimete list. This article is about the martial art and sport. ... Like many other martial arts, Judo provides lists of techniques students must learn to earn rank. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Danzan Ryu Lists[1] The Danzan Ryu lists differs in concept from the Kodakan Judo lists in that the techniques are taught in kata form in some applicable context, rather than simply demonstrating and enumerating a single technique -- randori is not practiced in Danzan Ryu. ...

Technique description

Graphic from http://web1.vattnet.com/judo/katamewaza.html

The main characteristic of Hadaka-Jime when compared to other Judo chokes is that it does not require the use of uke's clothing, namely his gi lapel, to create the choking tourniquet. The choke is created entirely by tori's arms. A tourniquet can be defined as a constricting or compressing device used to control venous and arterial circulation to an extremity for a period of time. ...

Exemplar videos: Demonstraded and in Tournament from video.google.com

Danzan Ryu also recognizes the Standing Guillotine as Hadaka-Jime-Ichi. But the principle is the same as BJJ's ground version, as demonstrated from video.google.com. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), also known as Gracie Jiu-Jitsu (GJJ), is a Brazil by the Gracie family during the mid-20th century. ...

Included systems

Systems:

• Kodokan Judo, Judo Lists
• Danzan Ryu, Danza Ryu Lists

Lists: The Kodokan Institute is the headquarters of the Judo World. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ... Like many other martial arts, Judo provides lists of techniques students must learn to earn rank. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Danzan Ryu Lists[1] The Danzan Ryu lists differs in concept from the Kodakan Judo lists in that the techniques are taught in kata form in some applicable context, rather than simply demonstrating and enumerating a single technique -- randori is not practiced in Danzan Ryu. ...

• The Canon Of Judo
• Judo technique

Originally published in 1960, The Canon Of Judo is the definitive book by the God Of Judo, Kodokan 10th dan, Kyuzo Mifune (1883-1965). ... There is a variety of techniques recognized by Kodokan(講道館) judo (柔道) and other budo (武道). Below is a partial list, organized by technique type and alphabetically within type. ...

Hasami-Jime

Kyuzo Mifune demonstrates Hasami-Jime in The Essence of Judo and is described in The Canon Of Judo. Kyuzo Mifune Kyuzo Mifune (三船久蔵 Mifune Kyuzo April 21, 1883 – January 27, 1965) has been categorized as one of the greatest exponents of the art of judo after the founder, Jigoro Kano. ...

Others

Danzan Ryu enumerates three versions of Hadaka-Jime:[1]

1. Ichi (one)

Standing neck-break. Two versions:

1. Neck twist
2. Guillotine

A version of the guillotine, Mae-Hadaka-Jime, is also described in The Canon Of Judo.

2. Ni (two)

Choke with forearm. This is an air choke with the forearm pressing on the throat.

3. San (three)

Figure-4 choke with forearm. This is a blood choke with the forearms and biceps pressing and the sides of the neck.

Originally published in 1960, The Canon Of Judo is the definitive book by the God Of Judo, Kodokan 10th dan, Kyuzo Mifune (1883-1965). ...

"Sleeper Hold" in professional wrestling

Pro-wrestling's first "sleeper hold" is thought to have been performed by Jim Londos on June 29, 1931. Suspicion was abound as to the nature of Londos' move (which had looked suspiciously like a choke against the windpipe); however, Londos was quoted the next day in The New York Sun as simply having performed "a new hold I perfected which shuts off the jugular vein." For the video game, see Pro Wrestling (video game). ... Christos Theofilou or Christopher Theophelus (January 2, 1897 - August 19, 1975) better known as The Golden Greek Jim Londos was a professional wrestler who was one of the most popular stars wrestling offered during the Great Depression. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The original New York Sun began publication September 3, 1833, as a morning newspaper, and an evening edition began in 1887. ... The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ...

Though Londos' original move may or may not have been inspired by judo's "hadaka jime," pro-wrestling's sleeper and a rear naked choke both share a similar style of execution. However, in order for the sleeper to be used in the performance art-related world of pro-wrestling, the "leverage" arm is positioned in a relaxed state so the hold is not actually applied.

Brought to light once more in the 1960s by Johnny Weaver, the sleeper became a traditional move throughout professional wrestling history. As with many potentially devastating moves in pro-wrestling, however, the sleeper's portrayed effectiveness in the ring has been watered-down to an almost non-threatening maneuver used solely for dramatic effect during a match. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In reality, the effectiveness of this move would not at all be questionable, as a properly-applied sleeper would cause an opponent to quickly lose consciousness.

Catch Wrestling's "Sleeper"

In modern catch wrestling circles, the term "sleeper hold" refers to a variation of the RNC in which the individual performing the hold snakes the leverage arm across the opponent's throat (in the same manner as the traditional RNC) and grasps their opposite shoulder, rather than the bicep. The opposite hand is also placed against the base of the opponent's skull in the form of a closed hammer fist, or on top of the head. The attacking wrestler then squeezes his/her elbows together, pushes forward with the hammer fist (if used), and crunches forward with the abdominal muscles, producing an extremely tight and fast-acting choke. Catch wrestling is a popular style of wrestling. ... The abdomen (from the Latin word meaning belly) is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. ...

In Popular Culture

The RNC is a popular submission hold for use in Hollywood films.

In Casino Royale, Daniel Craig's character, James Bond, successfully kills an African terrorist with a RNC. Casino Royale (2006) is the twenty-first film in the James Bond series and the first to star Daniel Craig as MI6 agent James Bond. ... Daniel Wroughton Craig[1] (born 2 March 1968[2]) is a BAFTA-nominated English actor best known as the sixth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the official film series from EON Productions. ... This article is about the spy series. ...

In Air Force One, Harrison Ford's character kills one of the terrorists attempting to hijack the plane with a RNC. However, a "crunching" sound effect was added to the scene to make it appear as though Ford had broken his neck as opposed to choking him to death. Terrorist Egor Korshunov (Gary Oldman) confronts the President of the United States (Harrison Ford). ... For the silent film actor, see Harrison Ford (silent film actor). ...

In Gangs of New York, Leonardo DiCaprio's character is involved in a fist fight where he eventually applies a back-mounted hand-clasp RNC. Gangs of New York is a 2002 film set in the middle 19th century in the Five Points district of New York City. ... Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11, 1974[1]) is a three-time Academy Award-nominated, SAG Award-nominated and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor who garnered world wide fame for his role as Jack Dawson in Titanic (1997). ...

In an episode of the action series 24, Jack Bauer utilizes a figure four rear naked choke against a helicopter pilot in order to knock him unconscious. Season Five, also known as Day 5 of the television series 24 premiered on January 15, 2006 and aired its season finale on May 22, 2006. ... For other uses, see 24 (disambiguation). ... Jack Bauer is the fictional protagonist of the American television series 24, in which he has trained and worked in various capacities as a government agent, including US Army Delta Force, LAPD SWAT, and finally the Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) Los Angeles. ... UH-1D helicopters airlift members of the 2nd Battalion, U.S. 14th Infantry Regiment (U.S. Army), 1966. ...

In another episode of 24, Morris O'Brian utilizes an improperly executed figure four rear naked choke against a Chinese terrorist in order to incapacitate him. Season Six, also known as Day 6, of the television series 24 premiered on Sunday, January 14, 2007. ... Morris OBrian is a fictional character from the TV series 24. ...

Splinter Cell video game character Sam Fisher uses the rear naked choke to knock out enemies after interrogating them. For the Australian rules football player, see Samuel Fisher. ...

Safe Application

This choke, in either the figure-four or clasped-hand variation, is an extremely dangerous technique if used thoughtlessly or improperly. When applied as a blood choke in particular, the brain is immediately deprived of oxygen, leading (as mentioned above) to unconsciousness and ultimately (if not released) to brain damage or death. It is imperative, when using this technique, to be completely aware of your opponent's physical state, and to release the choke at any sign of your opponent losing consciousness or "tapping out." Rafiel Torre, a former Mixed Martial Arts trainer and fighter, was convicted of killing a man using this technique, demonstrating that it is entirely lethal if misused. ^[4] Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. ... For the fighting styles that combine different arts, see hybrid martial arts. ...

References

• Mifune, Kyuzo (2004,1965,1960). The Canon Of Judo. Kodansha International Ltd., 128,132. ISBN 4770029799. 
• http://www.judoinfo.com/chokes.htm

See also

• Back mount
• Chokehold
• fainting