Recombinant DNA technology adds/replaces DNA in an organism resulting in the recipient organism containing exogenous DNA. Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or deoxyribose nucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ...

Recombinant proteins are proteins that are produced by different genetically modified organisms following insertion of the relevant DNA into their genome. As this recombines the DNA of two different organisms, the word recombinant is used to refer to this process. A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Genetic engineering, genetic modification (GM), and gene splicing (once in widespread use but now deprecated) are terms for the process of manipulating genes in an organism, usually outside of the organisms normal reproductive process. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or deoxyribose nucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ... In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ...

PCR is a useful tool, because it permits the amplification of specific sequences. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological technique for amplifying (creating multiple copies of) DNA without using a living organism, such as E. coli or yeast. ...

Uses

Many peptide hormone medications, (including insulin, growth hormone, and oxytocin), and vaccines are the product of recombinant processes. The organism most commonly used is Escherichia coli (E.coli). Peptide hormones are a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. ... A medication is a licenced drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition. ... The structure of insulin Red: carbon; green: oxygen; blue: nitrogen; pink: sulfur. ... Growth hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesised and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other vertebrate animals. ... Oxytocin is a nine amino acid peptide hormone synthesized in magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ... A bottle and a syringe containing the influenza vaccine. ... Binomial name Escherichia coli T. Escherich, 1885 E. coli at 10,000x magnification Escherichia coli (usually abbreviated to E. coli) is one of the main species of bacteria that live in the lower intestines of warm-blooded animals (including birds and mammals) and are necessary for the proper digestion of...

Plasmids and Recombinant DNA technology

Plasmids are extranuclear fragments of DNA present in some bacteria, which act as a system to transfer genetic material to other bacteria, allowing those to express the transmitted genes. Via restriction enzymes, which cut determinate sequences of DNA in determinate shapes, it is possible to splice into the plasmid a DNA sequence for a gene, and then insert it into a bacteria in order to get the product of that gene. The product is the desired protein, and large amounts can be produced in a factory by large vats of bacteria with the inserted gene.

Note that this system is not valid for advanced cells, as the organization of their genome is different. For these, other systems such as viruses loaded with the chosen material are selected.