Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team
Active	1965- Present
Role	Aerobatic Display
Garrison/HQ	RAF Scampton
Motto	Eclat (Latin: "Excellence")
Equipment	1964 - 1979 Folland Gnat 1980 - present Hawk T1A

Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display

The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. They were formed in late 1964 as an all-RAF team, replacing a number of unofficial teams that had been sponsored by various RAF commands. Red Arrows badge File links The following pages link to this file: Red Arrows Categories: Public domain images ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... RAF Scampton is a Royal Air Force station situated north of Lincoln in England. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... The Folland Gnat was an exceptionally small, swept-wing British subsonic jet trainer and light fighter aircraft originally developed for the Royal Air Force, and flown extensively by the Indian Air Force. ... The BAE Systems (BAE) Hawk is an advanced jet trainer which first flew in 1974 as the Hawker Siddeley Hawk. ... Red Arrow Hawk at speed during a display. ... Red Arrow Hawk at speed during a display. ... The Frecce Tricolori aerobatic team of the Italian Air Force, flying at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, England, in 2005 The UK Utterly Butterly display team perform an aerobatic maneuvre with their Boeing Stearmans Red Arrows Hawks in Concorde formation Indian Air Forces Surya Kiran during an aerobatic... “RAF” redirects here. ... RAF Scampton is a Royal Air Force station situated north of Lincoln in England. ...

The Red Arrows badge shows the aircraft in their trademark diamond nine formation, with the motto Eclat, meaning "brilliance" or "excellence".

Initially, the Red Arrows were equipped with seven Folland Gnat trainers which were inherited from another RAF display team, The Yellowjacks, and had been chosen because they were less expensive to operate than the front-line fighters. In their first season, they flew at 65 shows across Europe. In 1966, the team was increased to nine members, enabling them to develop their Diamond Nine formation. In late 1979, they switched to the BAE Hawk trainer. The Red Arrows have now performed nearly 4,000 displays world-wide in over fifty countries.^{[citation needed]} The Folland Gnat was an exceptionally small, swept-wing British subsonic jet trainer and light fighter aircraft originally developed for the Royal Air Force, and flown extensively by the Indian Air Force. ... The Yellowjacks were an RAF aerobatic display team that flew Folland Gnat trainers painted yellow. ... An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The BAE Systems (BAE) Hawk is an advanced jet trainer which first flew in 1974 as the Hawker Siddeley Hawk. ...

Team history

Red Arrows Gnat, the aircraft type used by the team from their formation in 1964 until 1979

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Predecessors

The Red Arrows are not the first RAF aerobatics team; in fact the first RAF biplane pageant was held at Hendon in 1920. The biplane teams were made up of Gauntlets and Gladiators from front-line squadrons. In 1938, three Gladiators flew with their wing-tips tied together. The Second World War largely stopped formation aerobatics, as planes were clearly needed elsewhere. Hs123 biplane. ... For other places with the same name, see Hendon (disambiguation). ... Gloster Gladiator photographed in England in 2002 The Gloster Gladiator was a biplane fighter, used by the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy, as well as a number of other air forces, during World War II. The aircraft had a top speed of around 414 km/h. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

In 1947, the first jet team of three Vampires came from Odiham Fighter Wing. Various teams flew the Vampire, and in 1950, No. 72 Squadron was flying a team of seven. No. 54 Squadron RAF became the first RAF jet formation team to use smoke trails. Vampires were replaced by Meteors, No 66 Squadron developing a formation team of six aircraft. The First ever pilot of a red arrow went by the name of Flight Sergeant Josh Anderson. He has now passed away but he was the man that lead the Red Arrows to their high level and skill. After the sad passing of Flight Sgt. Josh Anderson, committed pilot Lawrence Smith, now deceased, took over with great passion. However, his aircraft soon crashed after collision with a wild duck. The de Havilland DH.100 Vampire was the second jet-engined aircraft commissioned by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War (the first being the Gloster Meteor), although it did not see combat in that conflict. ... RAF Odiham crest RAF Odiham is a Royal Air Force station situated a little to the south of the historic small town of Odiham in Hampshire, England. ... No. ... No. ... The Gloster Meteor was the Allies first operational jet fighter. ... Categories: | ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Hunter aircraft were first used for aerobatics teams in 1955, when No 54 Squadron flew a formation of four. The next year they adopted the name The Black Knights; all the pilots flew dressed as Gollywogs. The Hawker Hunter was a British jet fighter aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... No. ... The Golliwog or Golliwogg is a blackfaced African American caricature created in the late 19th century. ...

All ten Red Arrows Hawks line up ready for the display.

The official RAF team was provided by No. 111 Squadron RAF ('Treblers' or 'Treble-One') in 1956, and for the first time the aircraft had a special colour scheme, which was an all-black finish. After a demonstration in France, they were hailed as 'Les Fleches Noires' and from then on known as The Black Arrows. This team became the first team to fly a five-Hunter formation. The Black Arrows' greatest moment was the loop and barrel roll of 22 Hunters during the 1958 Farnborough Air Show. This is a world record for the greatest number of aircraft looped in formation, and remains an unbroken record to this day. The Black Arrows were the premier team until 1961, when The Blue Diamonds (No. 92 Squadron RAF) continued their role, flying sixteen blue Hunters. Download high resolution version (1500x933, 249 KB) All ten Red Arrows Hawks line up (nine to fly, plus a spare) at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Download high resolution version (1500x933, 249 KB) All ten Red Arrows Hawks line up (nine to fly, plus a spare) at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... No. ... The Black Arrows, forerunners of the Red Arrows, were an aerobatic demonstration team formed in 1917. ... Farnborough 2006 Farnborough 2006 The Red Arrows in formation at Farnborough The Airbus A380, at Farnborough The Farnborough International Airshow is a seven-day international trade fair for the aerospace business which is held biannually in England. ... 92 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was a fighter squadron which disbanded in 1992. ...

In 1960, The Tigers (No. 74 Squadron RAF) were re-equipped with Lightnings and performed wing-overs and rolls with nine aircraft in tight formation. In 1962, they became the RAF's premier team. They sometimes gave co-ordinated displays with the Blue Diamonds. No. ... The English Electric Lightning (later the BAC Lightning) was a supersonic fighter aircraft of the Cold War era, particularly remembered for its great speed and natural metal exterior. ...

Yet another aerobatics team was formed by No. 56 Squadron RAF, The Firebirds, with nine red and silver Lightnings. In 1964, The Red Pelicans, flying six Jet Provost T Mk 4s, assumed the role of the RAF's leading display team. In that same year, a team of five yellow Gnat trainers from No 4 Flying Training School displayed at the Farnborough Air show. This team became known as the Yellowjacks after Flight Lieutenant Lee Jones's call sign, "Yellowjack"; the name was briefly 'Daffodil Patrol', but was quickly changed back. Number 56 (R) Squadron is one of the oldest and most successful squadrons in the Royal Air Force, with battle honours from many of the significant air campaigns of both world wars. ... The Hunting Percival (later BAC) Jet Provost was a jet-powered training aircraft used by the RAF from 1955 to 1993. ...

In 1964, it was decided to amalgamate all the existing RAF display teams, as it was feared pilots were spending too much time practising formation aerobatics rather than operational training. The new team name took the word red from the fact that the Yellowjacks' planes had been painted red (as it was a far clearer and visible colour in the sky for safety reasons) and arrows after the Black Arrows; however some think red was a tribute to the Red Pelicans.

The Red Arrows

A Red Arrows pilot exits his Hawk aircraft at the end of the display

The Red Arrows escort Concorde at the Queen's Golden Jubilee flyover of London

The Red Arrows in formation with two Supermarine Spitfire PRXIX's at RIAT 2005

The Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team (RAFAT), the Red Arrows, was originally based at RAF Kemble, then a satellite unit of the Central Flying School, itself based at RAF Little Rissington, which was considered the "official" home base of the Arrows. Arrows' aircraft would frequently fly into Rissington for maintenance. When RAF Scampton became the CFS Headquarters in 1983, the Red Arrows moved there. As an economy measure, Scampton closed in 1995, so the Red Arrows moved just twenty miles to RAF Cranwell; however, as they still used the air space above Scampton, the emergency facilities and runways had to be maintained. Since December 21, 2000, the Red Arrows have been based again at RAF Scampton, near Lincoln. Download high resolution version (1500x1151, 272 KB) A Red Arrows pilot exits his Hawk aircraft at the end of the display at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Download high resolution version (1500x1151, 272 KB) A Red Arrows pilot exits his Hawk aircraft at the end of the display at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Concorde (disambiguation). ... A Golden Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 50th anniversary of a monarchs reign. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 80 KB) Summery Red Arrows in formation with two Supermarine Spitfire PRXIXs at RIAT 2005. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 80 KB) Summery Red Arrows in formation with two Supermarine Spitfire PRXIXs at RIAT 2005. ... The Supermarine Spitfire was a British single-seat fighter, which was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries during the Second World War, and into the 1950s. ... RIAT 2006 RIAT 2006 The Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT) is the worlds largest military airshow, held annually over the third weekend in July, usually at RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire, England in support of The Royal Air Force Charitable Trust. ... RAF Kemble was a Royal Air Force airfield that was linked for many years with the Red Arrows, the RAF Aerobatic display team which operated Hawk trainers from there. ... The Central Flying School is the Royal Air Forces primary institution for the training of flying instructors. ... Former home of the Central Flying School (CFS) and the Red Pelicans ... RAF Scampton is a Royal Air Force station situated north of Lincoln in England. ... RAF Cranwell is a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire close to the village of Cranwell, near Sleaford. ... is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Lincoln (pronounced Lin-kun) is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England, a bridging point over the River Witham that flows to Boston. ...

The first team, led by Squadron Leader Lee Jones, had seven display pilots and flew the Folland Gnat T1 jet trainer. The first display in the UK was on 6 May 1965 at Little Rissington for a press day attended by, amongst others, the Duke of Edinburgh. At the subsequent National Air Day display, three days later, at Clermont Ferrand in France, one French journalist described the team as "Les Fleches Rouge", confirming the name "The Red Arrows". By the end of their first season, the Red Arrows had displayed 65 times in Britain, France, Italy, Holland, Germany and Belgium and were awarded the Britannia Trophy by the Royal Aero Club for their contribution in the field of aviation. A Squadron Leaders sleeve/shoulder insignia Squadron Leader (Sqn Ldr in the RAF, SQNLDR in the RNZAF and RAAF and S/L in the former RCAF) is a commissioned rank in some air forces. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1968, the then Team Leader (Sqn. Ldr. Ray Hanna AFC) expanded the team from seven to nine jets, as he wanted to expand the team's capabilities and the permutations of formation patterns. It was during this season that the 'Diamond Nine' pattern was formed and it has remained the team's trademark pattern ever since. Ray Hanna stayed as Red Leader for four consecutive years until 1969, a record as Leader which still stands to this day. For his considerable achievements of airmanship with the team, Ray Hanna was awarded a bar to his existing Air Force Cross (AFC). Ray Hanna in the cockpit of Spitfire MH 434 at Biggin Hill, 2004 Squadron Leader Raynham George Hanna AFC (with bar) (1978–December 2005) was a New Zealand born pilot in the RAF and a number of civilian companies. ...

After displaying 1,292 times in the Folland Gnat, the Red Arrows took delivery of the Hawk trainer in the winter of 1979. Since being introduced into service with the Red Arrows, the Hawk has performed with the Red Arrows in fifty countries. The Folland Gnat was an exceptionally small, swept-wing British subsonic jet trainer and light fighter aircraft originally developed for the Royal Air Force, and flown extensively by the Indian Air Force. ...

On the 9 September 2003, a Red Arrow jet veered off the runway at Jersey airport. By the quick reflexes of the pilot, Flight Lieutenant Jez Griggs, the jet was run into a gravel pile and little damage was caused. No one was injured. Displays were not affected because the Red Arrows take a spare aircraft with them.^[1] is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In July 2004 there was speculation in the British media^[2] that the Red Arrows would be disbanded, after a defence spending review, due to running costs of between £5 million and £6 million. The Arrows were not disbanded and the expense has been justified through the public relations value of the arrows, because the Red Arrows help develop business in the defence industry and also because they act as a recruitment mechanism for the RAF. According to the BBC, it is highly unlikely that the Red Arrows will be disbanded, as they are a considerable attraction throughout the world. This was reiterated by then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in 2007.^[3] This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ... The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is, in practice, the political leader of the United Kingdom. ... For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency...

With the planned disposal of RAF Scampton the future home of the Red Arrows is uncertain. A move to either RAF Waddington, in Lincolnshire, or RAF Leeming, in North Yorkshire, before the end of the decade is possible.^{[citation needed]} Waddington-based Hawker-Siddeley (now BAE Systems) Nimrod R.1 RAF Waddington is a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire England. ... For other places with the same name, see Lincolnshire (disambiguation). ... RAF air defence bases RAF Leeming is a Royal Air Force station in North Yorkshire, England. ... North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county, located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in that region and also partly in North East England. ...

Pilots

The pilots of the Red Arrows line up for an official photo after their display

Since 1966, there have been nine display pilots each year, all volunteers. Pilots must have completed one or more operational tours on a fast jet such as the Tornado, Harrier or Jaguar, have accumulated at least 1,500 flying hours and have been assessed as above average in their operational role to be eligible. Even then, there are more than ten applicants for each place on the team.^[4] Pilots stay with the Red Arrows for a three-year tour of duty. Three pilots are changed every year, such that there are always three first year pilots, three second year pilots, and three in their final year. The pilots of the Red Arrows line up for an official photo after their display. ... The pilots of the Red Arrows line up for an official photo after their display. ... The Panavia Tornado is a family of twin-engine fighters, which was jointly developed by the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. ... The BAE Systems/Boeing Harrier II (GR5/GR7/GR9 series) is a second generation vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) jet aircraft used by the Royal Air Force (RAF). ... The SEPECAT Jaguar is an Anglo-French ground attack aircraft still in service with several export customers, notably the Indian Air Force and the Royal Air Force of Oman. ... In the military, a tour of duty is a period of time spent at sea or assigned to service in a foreign country. ...

The Red Arrows have no reserve pilots, as a spare pilot would not perform often enough to fly to the standard required. If one of the pilots is not able to fly, the team flies an eight-plane formation. However, if the Team Leader, 'Red 1', is unable to fly then the team does not display at all. Each pilot always flies the same position in a formation. The pilots spend six months from October to April practising for the coming display season.

During an aerobatics display, Red Arrows pilots regularly experience forces up to five times that of gravity, and when performing the aerobatic manoeuvre 'Vixen Break', forces up to 7g can be reached, close to the 8g structural limit of the aircraft. The term g force or gee force refers to the symbol g, the force of acceleration due to gravity at the earths surface. ...

As well as the nine pilots, 'Red 10', also known as the Road Manager, is a fully qualified Hawk pilot who flies the tenth aircraft when the Red Arrows are away from base. This means the team have a reserve aircraft at the display site. Red 10's duties include co-ordination of the display and acting as the team's Ground Safety Officer. Red 10 also flies TV cameramen and photographers for air-to-air pictures of the Red Arrows.^[5]

The engineering team that supports the Red Arrows are known as "The Blues" and consists of 85 members.^[6]

Aircraft

Main article: BAE Hawk

British Aerospace Hawk of the Red Arrows

The Red Arrows do not use front-line aircraft because of operating costs. The Reds (as they are affectionately called) have twelve Hawks, six of which have been used every year since the Hawk was introduced in late 1979. While the Hawk is very basic compared to the much more modern Eurofighter Typhoon, it is still fast enough and very manoeuvrable, ideal for low-altitude aerobatics. The Red Arrows normally cruise at 360 knots (about one mile every 10 seconds). The BAE Systems (BAE) Hawk is an advanced jet trainer which first flew in 1974 as the Hawker Siddeley Hawk. ... British Aerospace Hawk of the Red Arrows. ... British Aerospace Hawk of the Red Arrows. ... This article is about a fighter aircraft. ...

Statistics

• Wing span — 9.39 m
• Length — 11.85 m
• Height — 4.0 m
• Maximum speed sea level — 645 mph (1,037 km/h)
• Maximum altitude — 48,000 ft (15,900 m)
• Empty weight — 8,000 lb (3,630 kg)
• Maximum weight — 18,390 lb (8,330 kg)
• Powerplant — one Rolls-Royce Adour Mk 151
• Thrust — 5,200 lbf (23 kN)

This article is about the unit of length. ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... Kilometre per hour (American spelling: kilometer per hour) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector). ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States, #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... “Kg” redirects here. ... RAF Jaguars Adour The Adour jet engine is a two-shaft turbofan developed by Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca, a joint subsidiary of Rolls-Royce (UK) and Turbomeca (France). ... The pound-force is a non-SI unit of force or weight (properly abbreviated lbf or lbf). The pound-force is equal to a mass of one pound multiplied by the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth (which is defined as exactly 9. ...

Displays

Red Arrows Hawks in Concorde formation

Part of the "Big Vixen" formation.

The first display by the Red Arrows was at RAF Little Rissington on 6 May 1965. The display was to introduce the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team to the media. However, the first public display was on 9 May 1965 in France, at the French National Air Day in Clermont-Ferrand. The first public display in the UK was on 15 May 1965 at the International Air Fair at Biggin Hill. The first display with nine aircraft was watched by the Duke of Edinburgh and was on 8 July 1966 at RAF Little Rissington. The BAe Hawks of the RAF Red Arrows display team, flying in Concorde formation, commemorating the retirement of the Concorde passenger jet. ... The BAe Hawks of the RAF Red Arrows display team, flying in Concorde formation, commemorating the retirement of the Concorde passenger jet. ... For other uses, see Concorde (disambiguation). ... Download high resolution version (1500x1651, 443 KB) Part of a Red Arrows formation at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Download high resolution version (1500x1651, 443 KB) Part of a Red Arrows formation at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Former home of the Central Flying School (CFS) and the Red Pelicans ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Clermont-Ferrand is a city of France, in the Auvergne region, with a population of approximately 140,000. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... , Biggin Hill is a place in the London Borough of Bromley in London, England. ... Prince Philip redirects here. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...

The first display in Germany was at RAF Laarbruch on 6 August 1965, and since then the Red Arrows have performed in Germany 170 times. However, the Red Arrows' last display in Germany was on 22 August 1988 after formation aerobatics were banned in Germany following the Italian Air Force Frecce Tricolori accident on 28 August 1988 in Ramstein. RAF Laarbruch (motto: Ein Feste Burg - A Fortress Sure), located on the Germany/Netherlands border, was home to various first-line squadrons, including II (AC) Squadron flying F-4 Phantom II in the 1970s, followed by Jaguars in the 1980s, .These were replaced by the Tornado with 4 sqns (2... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... The Aeronautica Militare Italiana is the Italian air force. ... The Frecce Tricolori aerobatics team of the Italian Air Force, flying at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, England, in 2005 Frecce Tricolori (Three-coloured Arrows) is the precision aerobatic demonstration team for the Italian Air Force. ... The Ramstein airshow disaster was one of the worlds worst airshow disasters which took place in front of an audience of 300,000 people on August 28, 1988 in Ramstein, county of Kaiserslautern, Germany, at the US Ramstein Air Base airshow Flugtag 88. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Boeing C-17A Lot XII Globemaster III Serial 00-0172 Spirit of the Cascades at the Ramstein cargo terminal. ...

During displays, the aircraft do not fly directly over the crowd; any manoeuvres in front of and parallel to the audience can be as low as 300 feet, the 'synchro pair' can go as low as 100 feet straight and level, or 150 feet when in inverted flight. To carry out a full display, the cloud base must be above 4,500 feet; if it is below 2,500 feet then they will perform a 'flat' display, which consists of fly-pasts and steep turns. This article refers to meterology, for the airborne base of Captain Scarlet see Cloudbase. ...

One of the biggest crowds to see the Red Arrows was in Lisbon on 13 June 1973, when there was a crowd of 650,000 people, a statistic not exceeded until 1996 in Sydney. For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ...

The greatest number of displays flown in any year was in 1995, when the Red Arrows performed 136 times. The smallest number of displays in one year was in 1975, after the 1973 oil crisis limited their appearances. The 1973 oil crisis began in earnest on October 17, 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) announced, as a result of the ongoing Yom Kippur War, that they would no longer ship petroleum...

In 1977, a charge of £200 was introduced by the MOD for a Red Arrows display. By 2000, the charge had risen to £2,000 (including VAT and insurance).^[7] To date, the Red Arrows have performed over 4,000 displays (the 4,000th being performed at RAF Leuchars in Scotland in September 2006). The Ministry of Defence (MOD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. ... vat can be a type of barrel used for storage. ...

UK residents may occasionally see the Red Arrows on a "transit flight" (getting to the display location). On these transit flights, the team flies at the relatively low altitude of 1,000 feet. This avoids the complication of moving though the cloud base in formation, and also avoids much controlled air space. Jets are more efficient at higher altitude, so longer flights are made at 35,000 to 42,000 feet.

The smoke trails left by the team are made by releasing diesel into the exhaust; this oxidises straight away, leaving a white smoke trail. Dyes can be added to produce the different colours. The diesel is stored in the pod on the underside of the plane; originally designed to carry a 30mm ADEN cannon, it now houses three tanks: one 50-gallon tank of pure diesel and two 10-gallon tanks of blue- and red-dyed diesel. The smoke system uses ten gallons per minute; therefore each plane can trail smoke for a total of seven minutes; (5 minutes of white smoke, 1 minute of Blue and 1 minute of Red is carried). This article is about the fuel. ... Look up exhaust in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN is a 30mm cannon used on many military aircraft, particularly those of the British RAF and FAA. Development The ADEN (named for the Armament Development Establishment, where it was designed, and Enfield, where it is produced) was developed in the late 1940s as a...

The Red Arrows were the last european airshow-team which opened their show traditional from crowd rear including the 1997 season. For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

The Red Arrows will come in Muscat for the display in November 19 2007. For Sultan Qaboos Bin Said for their country's Celebration Day. The Display will be showing in Al Shatti Plaza, Intercontinental Hotel and the Beach.

Accidents and incidents

• 1969 - 2 Red Arrows Gnats crashed. One was on fire but another pilot was told his was on fire so he ejected.
• 1971 - 2 Gnats collided in the famous cross-over manoeuvre in a flypast.
• 1980 - A Hawk jet from the Red Arrows hit a yacht mast at an air show in Sussex. The pilot ejected safely.
• 1986 - A Red Arrows Hawk rammed into the back of another on a runway, pilot ejected before collison occurred.
• 1988/89 - A Red Arrow Hawk crashed into a house in the neighbouring village of Welton while practising.^{[citation needed]}
• 2007 - The wingtip of one Red Arrows Hawk hit the tail of another during practice flight near RAF Scampton.^[8]

Video game

In 1985, Database Software released a flight simulator called Red Arrows, made in cooperation with the flight team. In the simulator, stunts have to be performed while flying in formation. It was available for ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad, Electron, BBC Micro and Atari.^[9] A database management system (DBMS) is a computer program (or more typically, a suite of them) designed to manage a database, a large set of structured data, and run operations on the data requested by numerous users. ... For flight simulator software from Microsoft, see Microsoft Flight Simulator. ... The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research Ltd. ... C-64 redirects here. ... Amstrad is a manufacturer of electronics based in Brentwood in Essex, England and founded in 1968 by Sir Alan Michael Sugar in the UK. The name is a contraction of Alan Michael Sugar Trading. ... For other uses, see Electron (disambiguation). ... The BBC Microcomputer System was a series of microcomputers and associated peripherals designed and built by Acorn Computers Ltd for the BBC Computer Literacy Project operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation. ... This article is about a corporate game company. ...

Gallery

Red Arrows Hawk taxiing for takeoff Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 786 KB) Red Arrows Hawk in closeup, taxiing for takeoff at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, Gloucestershire, England. ...	Red Arrows in "Swan" formation at RIAT 2005. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 84 KB) Summery Red Arrows in Swan formation at RIAT 2005. ... F/A-18F at RIAT 2004. ...	Red Arrows in "Apollo" formation at RIAT 2005. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 117 KB) Summery Red Arrows in Apollo formation at RIAT 2005. ... F/A-18F at RIAT 2004. ...	Red Arrows at RIAT 2005. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 100 KB) Summery Red Arrows at RIAT 2005. ... F/A-18F at RIAT 2004. ...
Red Arrows at RIAT 2005. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 93 KB) Summery Red Arrows at RIAT 2005. ... F/A-18F at RIAT 2004. ...	Red Arrows at RIAT 2005. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 96 KB) Summery Red Arrows at RIAT 2005. ... F/A-18F at RIAT 2004. ...	The Red Arrows with an Airbus A380 at the Farnborough Air Show in 2006 Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 536 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 670 pixel, file size: 246 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Airbus A380 accompanied by the Red Arrows Formation at Farnborough Airshow 2006 Taken and donated by John Mullen (http://en. ... The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, four-engine airliner manufactured by the European corporation Airbus, an EADS subsidiary. ... Farnborough 2006 Farnborough 2006 The Red Arrows in formation at Farnborough The Airbus A380, at Farnborough The Farnborough International Airshow is a seven-day international trade fair for the aerospace business which is held biannually in England. ...	Farnborough 2006 Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x670, 30 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ...
The Red Arrows performing the 'Champagne' maneouvre at RIAT 2006. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 559 KB) The Red Arrows performing the Champagne formation at 2006s Royal International Air Tattoo. ... F/A-18F at RIAT 2004. ...	The Red Arrows after the Queen's birthday celebrations in 2006. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 763 KB) The Red Arrows I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Red arrows

• Red Arrows' predecessors, the Black Arrows
• Aerobatic Teams Web Site

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Black Arrows, forerunners of the Red Arrows, were an aerobatic demonstration team formed in 1917. ...

External links

• The Red Arrows section of the RAF website
• The Red Arrows website including links to the Official Fan Club
• The Red Arrows aircraft-maintenance-team section of the RAF website

References

1. ^ BBC news. "Red Arrows jet in runway drama". Accessed 12 April 2005
2. ^ BBC news. "Why everyone loves the Red Arrows". Accessed 12 April 2005
3. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/lincolnshire/6543751.stm
4. ^ "The Red Arrows" from BBC Jersey, 9 September 2004, Accessed 18 April 2005
5. ^ The official Red Arrows home page information section. from the Ministry of Defence, 2005, Accessed 10 April 2005
6. ^ Engineering Excellence
7. ^ 30 Things you didn't know about the Red Arrows
8. ^ "Red Arrows in mid-air collision", BBC News, 2007-01-12. Retrieved on 2007-02-01. 
9. ^ Martijn van der Heide, "Red Arrows, The", World of Spectrum, 1995-2005, Accessed 18 April 2005

• [1],The Official Red Arrows Homepage 12 April 2005.