The Red Lake Indian Reservation covers 830,000 acres (3,400 km²) in north-central Minnesota. It is divided into many pieces, though the largest portions are the unorganized territories of Upper Red Lake (nearly unpopulated) and Lower Red Lake (including the town of Red Lake, Minnesota), primarily in the counties of Beltrami and Clearwater. Seven other counties also have land that is part of the reservation. It is home to the Red Lake Band of Chippewa, and is the most populous reservation in the state according to the 2000 census when it recorded 5,071 residents. The only place in Minnesota with a higher Native American population is the state's largest city, Minneapolis, which recorded 8,378 Indian residents that year. State nickname: North Star State Other U.S. States Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Governor Tim Pawlenty Official languages None Area 225,365 km² (12th)  - Land 206,375 km²  - Water 18,990 km² (8. ... Upper Red Lake is an unorganized territory located in Beltrami County, Minnesota, USA. It is a part of the Red Lake Indian Reservation. ... Lower Red Lake is an unorganized territory located in Beltrami County, Minnesota, USA. It is a part of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, and includes the town of Red Lake, scene of the Red Lake High School massacre on 21 March 2005. ... There is also a Red Lake County in Minnesota. ... Beltrami County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. ... Clearwater County is a county located in the state of Minnesota. ... For other uses of Chippewa, see Chippewa (disambiguation). ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Minneapolis is the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota. ...

The tribe first negotiated a treaty with the United States in 1863, with additional agreements made in the following decades. While the tribe ceded large tracts of land, they successfully resisted attempts at allotment, which divided up land on many other reservations in Minnesota and elsewhere. The current reservation is wholly-owned by the Red Lake Band, making it unique among reservations in Minnesota (some tribes own less than 10% of the land on their reservations). While this is a source of pride for tribal members, it also means that Red Lake is one of the most isolated communities in the state. The tribe asserts a significant level of sovereignty, which can cause tension when outsiders attempt to visit (journalists have been barred from entering on multiple occasions), and also when crimes are prosecuted since jurisdiction can be unclear. The reservation was the first in the U.S. to issue its own license plates. It has technically been a "dry" community with no alcohol allowed since the 1860s, but regulations to that effect are violated on a regular basis. A treaty is a binding agreement under international law concluded by subjects of international law, namely states and international organizations. ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... An allotment may be used in at least three ways: allotment (financial) allotment (gardening) allotment (radio) See also: apportionment This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region or group of people, such as a nation or a tribe. ... A journalist is a person engaged in the profession of journalism. ... The term jurisdiction has more than one sense. ... A license plate, licence plate, number plate or registration plate (often referred to simply as a plate, or colloquially tag) is a small metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle for official identification purposes. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... Events and trends Italian unification under King Victor Emmanuel II. Wars for expansion and national unity continue until the incorporation of the Papal States (March 17, 1861 - September 20, 1870). ...

Per capita income is lower at Red Lake than on any other reservation in the state. It was estimated at US$8,372 in 1999 according to the Northwest Area Foundation. About 40% of residents live at or below the poverty line. Between 1990 and 2000, the population also grew by 40%. Many people have been returning to the reservation after having difficulty finding work elsewhere (often in the Twin Cities region to the south). This is believed to be partially fueling the epidemic level of crime on the reservation—3,500 court cases were filed in 2004. Crimes are frequently drug-related, and violence has also been a significant problem. The population is also very young, with roughly half of the residents aged 18 or younger. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Twin cities are either: two towns or cities that are geographically close to each other, and often referred to collectively; or two distant cities which, perhaps because of similar circumstances, such as industrial decline, or demographics, agree to partner each other and share expertise (e. ... This article is about courts of law. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational rather than medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear. ...

Some in the community have expressed hope that interest may be renewed in the tribe's traditions, and that this form of "traditional values" may improve life on the reservation. However, others have a more pragmatic view and believe that the community needs to focus on education and finding ways to get people to work—and paid adequately. Most jobs on the reservation have pay in the vicinity of $7 per hour as of 2005. The tribe operates three casino operations, though it is reported that even those jobs do not pay very well. A small operation is located in the village of Red Lake, the 13,000 ft² River Road Casino is located seven miles south of Thief River Falls, and the Lake of the Woods Bingo and Casino is in Warroad. This article is about the moral concept. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City, New Jersey A casino is a building that accommodates gambling. ... Thief River Falls is a city located in Pennington County, Minnesota. ... Warroad is a city located in Roseau County, Minnesota, at the southwest corner of Lake of the Woods. ...

Crime and poverty are not new to the reservation. The tribe was led from 1959 to 1990 by Roger Jourdain, who became a rather well-known and respected leader due to his blunt comments and pragmatic attitude. However, in 1979, the level of discontent on the reservation boiled over after the tribal council fired the secretary-treasurer, resulting in riots. Roughly a dozen buildings were set ablaze, including the law enforcement center and Jourdain's home. Two teenagers also died as a result of accidental gunshot wounds. 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Categories: Stub | Riots ...

In the past, industry on the reservation has primarily consisted of logging and commercial fishing of walleye in the lakes that give the community its name. However, walleye production dropped significantly in the 1990s, adding to the region's financial strain. However, the community receives $50 to $60 million each year in federal subsidies. The local school district reportedly spends more money per student than any other in Minnesota. For another article about a different type of logging, see data logging. ... Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ... Binomial name Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818) A New World relative of the European pikeperch, the walleye or yellow pike (Sander vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum) is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and the northern United States; it is believed to be an introduced species in the mid... Events and trends Technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on IBM... The government of the United States, established by the United States Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states, a few territories and some protectorates. ... A subsidy is generally a monetary grant given by government in support of an activity regarded as being in the public interest. ... School Districts are a form of Special-purpose district in the United States which serves to operate the local public primary, middle, and secondary schools. ...

The poverty level of the tribe, coupled with financial difficulties in state government, led Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty in 2004–2005 to propose a joint casino operation co-owned by the White Earth, Leech Lake, and Red Lake bands, and the state government. It would have operated in the populous Twin Cities area, where some of the most successful Indian gaming facilities in the country are located. However, the plan quickly became unpopular and was deemed illegal by Attorney General Mike Hatch. The tribe soon pulled out of negotiations. The Governor of Minnesota is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Minnesota. ... Tim Pawlenty Tim Pawlenty (born November 27, 1960) is a Polish-American politician. ... The White Earth Indian Reservation is the largest and historically poorest Indian reservation in Minnesota. ... The Leech Lake Indian Reservation is located in the north-central Minnesota counties of Beltrami, Cass, Hubbard, and Itasca. ... Mike Hatch is an American politician, and a member of the Democratic Party. ...

March 2005 shootings

On March 21, 2005, Jeff Weise, a Red Lake High School student, shot dead ten people and injured several more. The gunman also killed himself. March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jeff Weise around 9 years of age Jeffrey Weise (August 8, 1988 – March 21, 2005) was a high school student of Red Lake, Minnesota responsible for the Red Lake High School massacre, a school shooting in which he killed nine people and injured more than a dozen others before committing... Red Lake High School is a public state-funded high school in Red Lake, in Beltrami County, northern Minnesota, USA. The high school is located on the Red Lake Indian Reservation on which members of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa (Ojibwe) Indians live, and has over 300 students [1... Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of intentionally ending ones own life. ...

External links

• Red Lake Nation (http://www.redlakenation.org/)

References

• Mike Mosedale (May 4, 2005). Same Country, Different Nation: The Real Red Lake. (http://citypages.com/databank/26/1274/article13249.asp) City Pages.
• Red Lake. (http://www.cri-bsu.org/IA_web/htdocs/tribes/redlake.html) Minnesota Indian Affairs Council.

City Pages is an alternative weekly newspaper serving the Minneapolis_St. ... The Minnesota Indian Affairs Council (MIAC) was created by the Minnesota Legislature in 1963 to provide a liaison between the government of Minnesota and the Native American tribes in the state. ...

Further reading

• Charles Brill (1992). Red Lake Nation: Portraits of Ojibway Life. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1906-9.