This article is about red dwarfs, the type of star. Red Dwarf is also the name of a British television series.
According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a red dwarf star is a small and relatively coolstar, of the main sequence, either late K or M spectral type. They comprise the vast majority of stars and have a diameter and mass of less than one-third that of the Sun (down to 0.08 solar masses, which are brown dwarfs) and a surface temperature of less than 3,500 K. They emit little light, sometimes as little as 1/10,000th that of the sun. Due to the slow rate at which they burn hydrogen, red dwarfs have an enormous estimated lifespan; estimates range from tens of billions up to trillions of years. Red dwarfs never initiate helium fusion and so cannot become red giants; the stars slowly contract and heat up until all the hydrogen is consumed. In any event, there has not been sufficient time since the Big Bang for red dwarfs to evolve off the main sequence.
The fact that red dwarfs remain on the main sequence while older stars have moved off the main sequence allows one to date star clusters by finding the mass at which the stars turnoff the main sequence. In addition, the fact that no red dwarfs have evolved off the main sequence have been observed is evidence that the universe has a finite age.
One mystery which has not been solved as of 2004 is the lack of red dwarf stars with no metals (in astronomy a metal is any element other than hydrogen and helium). The Big Bang model predicts the first generation of stars should have only hydrogen, helium, and lithium. If such stars included red dwarfs, they should still be observable today, but are not. The conventional explanation is that without heavy elements, low mass stars cannot form and the first stars were extremely high mass population III stars which died quickly and produced the metals necessary for low mass stars to form later.
Red dwarf stars are believed to be the most common star type in the universe. Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun is a red dwarf, (Type M5, magnitude 11.0) as are twenty of the next thirty nearest.
According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a reddwarfstar is a small and relatively coolstar, of the main sequence, either late K or M spectral type.
Reddwarfs never initiate helium fusion and so cannot become red giants; the stars slowly contract and heat up until all the hydrogen is consumed.
Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, is a reddwarf (Type M5, magnitude 11.0), as are twenty of the next thirty nearest.
The stellar wind from the reddwarfstar removes the dust in the debris disk by causing the dust to slowly spiral into the star.
Reddwarfs (or M Dwarfs) are stars like our Sun in many respects but smaller, less massive and fainter.
Stars like our Sun and reddwarfs possess a stellar wind protons and other particles that are driven by the magnetic fields in the outer layers of a star to speeds in excess of a few hundred miles per second and expelled out into space.
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