A 1634 Japanese Red seal ship, incorporating Western-style square and lateen sails, rudder and aft designs. The ships were typically armed with 6 to 8 cannons. Tokyo Naval Science Museum.

Red seal ships (朱印船 Shuinsen) were Japanese armed merchant sail ships bound for Southeast Asian ports with a red-sealed patent issued by the early Tokugawa shogunate in the first half of the 17th century. Between 1600 and 1635, more than 350 Japanese ships went overseas under this permit system. 1634 painting of a Red seal ship. ... 1634 painting of a Red seal ship. ... A lateen (from Latin) is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. ... A rudder is a device used to steer a ship or other watercraft. ... For online phenomenon of shipping, see Shipping (fandom). ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned at the stake for heresy July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the coastal dunes. ... Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ...

Origins

From the 13th to the 16th century, Japanese ships were quite active in Asian waters, often in the role of "Wakō" pirates who plundered the coast of the Chinese Empire. Official trading missions were also sent to China, such as the Tenryūjibune around 1341. Wakō activity was efficiently curbed in 1588 with the interdiction of piracy by the Shogun Hideyoshi. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... 16th century Japanese pirate raids. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ... Events Petrarch becomes famous Beginning of the Breton War of Succession over the control of the Duchy of Brittany Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expells her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. ... In Japanese history, a shogun (将軍 shōgun) was the practical ruler of Japan for most of the time from 1192 to the Meiji Era beginning in 1868. ... Hideyoshi at his old age. ...

Between the 15th and the 16th century, the main trading intermediary in Eastern Asia was the island kingdom of the Ryukyu (modern Okinawa), which exchanged Japanese products (silver, swords) and Chinese products for Southeast Asian sappan wood and deer hides. Altogether 150 Ryukian ships are recorded between the kingdom and Southeast Asia, 61 one of them for Siam, 10 for Malacca, 10 for Pattani, 8 for Java etc... Their commerce disapeared around 1570 with the rise of Chinese merchants and the intervention of Portuguese and Spanish ships, and corresponds with the beginnings of the Red Seal system. The kingdom was finally invaded by Japan in 1609. The main building of Shuri Castle The Ryukyu Kingdom was an independent kingdom which ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 14th century to the 19th century. ... This article is about the prefecture. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd. ... Mueang Pattani is a city in the far south of Thailand, near the boundary to Malaysia. ... Map of Java Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ...

When the first Europeans started to navigate in the Pacific Ocean they regularly encountered Japanese ships, such as when the Spanish welcomed in Manilla in 1589 a storm-battered Japanese junk bound for Siam, or when the Dutch circumnavigator Olivier van Noort encountered a 110 tons Japanese junk in the Philippines in December 1600, and on the same voyage a Red Seal ship with a Portuguese captain off Borneo through which they learnt about the arrival of William Adams in Japan. Events Rebellion of the Catholic League against King Henry III of France, in revenge for his murder of Duke Henry of Guise. ... Olivier van Noort (1558 - 22 February 1627) was the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world. ... The Junk is a Chinese sailing vessel. ... // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned at the stake for heresy July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the coastal dunes. ... Borneo (politically divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) is the third largest island in the world. ... William Adams (1564–1620). ...

Red Seal system

Record of a Red Seal license, dated January 11th, 1608.

The Red Seal system appears from at least 1592, under the Shogun Hideyoshi, date of the first known mention of the sytem in a document. The first actually preserved Shuinjō (Red Seal Permit) is dated to 1604, under Tokugawa Ieyasu, first ruler of Tokugawa Japan. Tokugawa issued red-sealed permits to his favourite feudal lords and principal merchants who were interested in foreign trade. By doing so, he was able to control Japanese traders and reduce Japanese piracy in the South Sea. His seal also guaranteed the protection of the ships, since he vowed to pursue any pirate or nation who would violate it. ImageMetadata File history File links RedSealLicense. ... ImageMetadata File history File links RedSealLicense. ... Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Hideyoshi at his old age. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (previously spelled Iyeyasu); 徳川 家康 (January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder of the Tokugawa bakufu of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. ...

Besides Japanese traders, 12 European and 11 Chinese residents, including William Adams and Jan Joosten, are known to have got permits. At one point, after 1621, Jan Joosten is recorded to have possessed 10 Red Seal Ships for commerce. William Adams (1564–1620). ... Sculpture of Jan Joosten, Yaesu district, Tokyo. ...

Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English ships and Asian rulers basically protected Japanese red seal ships, since they had diplomatic relations with the Japanese shogun. Only Ming China had nothing to do with this practise, because the Empire officially prohibited Japanese ships from entering Chinese ports. (But Ming officials were not able to stop Chinese smugglers from setting sail to Japan.) Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝; Pinyin: míng cháo) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, though claims to the Ming throne (now collectively called the Southern Ming) survived until 1662. ...

Ship design

Red Seal ships usually ranged in size between 500 and 750 tons, a size equal or superior to European galleons, but inferior to that of the massive Portuguese carracks, often over 1000 tons. For the fictional unit of money called a galleon, see Money in Harry Potter. ...

A Red Seal ship of the Araki trading familly, 17th century.

The complement was about 200 people per ship (the average of the fifteen Red Seal ships for which the number of people is known, is 236). ImageMetadata File history File links ArakiRedSealShip. ... ImageMetadata File history File links ArakiRedSealShip. ...

The ships were built in various place. Some of them, built in Nagasaki, combined Western, Japanese and Chinese ship designs. Other were Chinese junks. And once the trade with Southeast Asia became well established, numerous ships were ordered and purchased in Ayutthaya in Siam, due to the excellence of the construction and the quality of Thai wood. Nagasaki at night, 2003 Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki   listen? (長崎市; -shi, literally long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture located on the south-western coast of Kyushu, the southernmost of the four mainland islands of Japan. ... Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya or Ayuthia) refers to The old capital of Thailand, see Ayutthaya (city) The province around the city, Ayutthaya province The ruins of the old palace, see Ayutthaya historical park Ayutthaya kingdom as the period of Thai history (1365-1768) in which Ayutthaya was capital This is... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ...

The ships were managed by rich trading families such as the Sumikura, Araki, Chaya and Sueyoshi, or by individual adventurers such as Suetsugo Heizo, Yamada Nagamasa, William Adams, Jan Joosten or Murayama Toan. The funds for the purchase of merchandise in Asia were lent to the managers of the expedition for an interest of 35% to 55% per travel, going as high as 100% in the case of Siam. Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa c. ... William Adams (1564–1620). ... Sculpture of Jan Joosten, Yaesu district, Tokyo. ...

Import and export

Japanese merchants mainly exported silver, diamonds, copper, swords and other artifacts, and imported Chinese silk as well as some Southeast Asian products (like sugar and deer skins). Pepper and spices were rarely imported into Japan, where people did not eat a great deal of meat due to the local preponderance of adherents to the Buddhist belief system. Southeast Asian ports provided meeting places for Japanese and Chinese ships. General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance copper, metallic Atomic mass 63. ... Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century A sword (from Old English sweord; akin to Old High German swerd lit. ... Silk weaver Silk is a natural protein fiber that can be woven into textiles. ... Look up Pepper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary There are several completely different plants referred to by the name of pepper; most are used in food for the hot sensation that the chemical piperine or capsaicin induces on the tongue. ... External links Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Spice Food Bacteria-Spice Survey Shows Why Some Cultures Like It Hot Citat: ...Garlic, onion, allspice and oregano, for example, were found to be the best all-around bacteria killers (they kill everything). ...

Destinations

Japanese sailing map in the Portuguese style, depicting the East Asian coast from Japan to Malacca, 17th century.

The crew of the red seal ships were international, for many Chinese, Portuguese, and Dutch pilots and interpreters joined the sails. The first Red Seal ships were required to have a Portuguese pilot on board, although the Japanese progressively developed pilots of their own. The Portolan maps used on the Red Seal ships were drawn on the Portuguese model, with directions in the Japanese language. ImageMetadata File history File links Kadoya_Shichirobei_Map. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Kadoya_Shichirobei_Map. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd. ... A portolan is an early modern European navigation chart, dating from the fourteenth century or later, in manuscript, usually with rhumb lines, shorelines and place names. ...

Major Southeast Asian ports, including Spanish Manila, Vietnamese Hoi An, Siamese Ayutthaya, Malay Pattani, welcomed the Japanese merchant ships, and many Japanese settled in these ports, forming small Japanese enclaves. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES City of Manila Region: National Capital Region Province: — Dates: Founded—June 24, 1571 Cityhood—June 10, 1574 Population: 2000 census—1,581,082 Density—41,014 per km² Area: 38. ... Hôi An (會安) is a coastal town at the South China Sea in Central Vietnam (Annam). ... Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya or Ayuthia) refers to The old capital of Thailand, see Ayutthaya (city) The province around the city, Ayutthaya province The ruins of the old palace, see Ayutthaya historical park Ayutthaya kingdom as the period of Thai history (1365-1768) in which Ayutthaya was capital This is... Mueang Pattani is a city in the far south of Thailand, near the boundary to Malaysia. ...

The Philippines

Around 50 Red Seal ships to Luzon in the Philippines are recorded between 1604 and 1624 (and only 4 more until 1635). The Japanese had established quite early an enclave at Dilao, a suburb of Manilla, where they numbered between 300 to 400 in 1593. In 1603, during the Sangley rebellion, they numbered 1,500, and 3,000 in 1606. The Franciscan friar Luis Sotelo was involved in the support of the Dilao enclave between 1600 and 1608. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzón, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... Dilao located in Paco, a district in Manila, and was a settlement of 3000 Japanese during the Spanish era around the year 1600. ... Manilla is the name of several places around the world: Manilla, New South Wales, Australia Manilla, Iowa, United States Manilla is the name of the bracelet currency of West Africa: see the webpage at [1]. There are also several places named Manila (with one l), of which Manila, the capital... Events May 18 - Playwright Thomas Kyds accusations of heresy lead to an arrest warrant for Christopher Marlowe. ... King James I of England/VII of Scotland, the first monarch to rule the Kingdoms of England and Scotland at the same time Events March 24 - Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England April... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ... Events January 27 - The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31 May 17 - Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill Premier Dmitri December 26 - Shakespeares King Lear performed in court Storm buries a village of St Ismails near... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... A Franciscan friar, 17th century. ...

The Japanese led an abortive rebellion in Dilao against the Spanish in 1606-1607, but their numbers rose again until the interdiction of Christianity by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1614, when 300 Japanese Christian refugees under Takayama Ukon settled in the Philippines. They are at the origin of today's 200,000-strong Japanese Filipino population. Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (previously spelled Iyeyasu); 徳川 家康 (January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder of the Tokugawa bakufu of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. ... Dom Justo Takayama (1552 - 1615) was a daimyo born in the Yamato Province in Japan during the Tokugawa shogunate. ... The Japanese Filipinos are ethnic Japanese born in the Philippines. ...

Siam

Yamada Nagamasa c.1630.

The Siamese "Chronicles of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya" record that already in 1592, 500 Japanese troops under the King of Siam helped defeat an invading Burmese army (Yoko Nagazumi). Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa. ... Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa. ... Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa c. ... The kingdom of Ayutthaya was a Thai kingdom that existed from the 1350 to 1767. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ...

Around 56 Red Seal ships to Siam are recorded between 1604 and 1635. The Japanese community in Siam seems to have been in the hundreds, as described by Padre Antonio Francisco Cardim, who recounted having administered sacrament to around 400 Japanese Christians in 1627 in the Thai capital of Ayuthaya ("a 400 japoes christaos") (Ishii Yoneo, Multi-cultural Japan). Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya or Ayuthia) refers to The old capital of Thailand, see Ayutthaya (city) The province around the city, Ayutthaya province The ruins of the old palace, see Ayutthaya historical park Ayutthaya kingdom as the period of Thai history (1365-1768) in which Ayutthaya was capital This is...

The colony was active in trade, particularly in the export of deer-hide and sappan wood to Japan in exchange for Japanese silver and Japanese handicrafts (swords, lacquered boxes, high-quality papers). They were noted by the Dutch for challenging the trade monopoly of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), as their strong position with the King typically allowed them to buy at least 50% of the total production, leaving small quantities of a lesser quality to other traders. Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ...

A Japanese adventurer, Yamada Nagamasa, became very influential and ruled part of the kingdom of Siam (Thailand) during that period. The colony also had an important military role in Thailand. Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa c. ...

India

Tenjiku Tokubei, 17th century.

The Japanese adventurer Tenjiku "Indie" Tokubei is related to have travelled to Siam as well as India onboard a Red Seal ship with Jan Joosten. Upon his return to Japan, Tokubei wrote a essay titled "Tenjiku Tokai Monogatari" (Relations of travels to India) on his adventures in foreign countries, which became very popular in Japan. He is sometimes refered to as the Marco Polo of Japan. Image File history File links Tokubei. ... Image File history File links Tokubei. ... Tenjiku Tokubei, 17th century painting. ... Tenjiku Tokubei, 17th century painting. ... Marco Polo, after a late painting Marco Polo (15 September 1254, Venice, Italy; or Curzola, Venetian Dalmatia - now Korčula, Croatia — 8 January 1324, Venice) was a Venetian trader and explorer who, together with his father Niccolò and his uncle Maffeo, was one of the first Westerners to travel the...

Other destinations

Others major destinations included Cochinchina (74 ships), Cambodia (44 ships), Taiwan (35 ships), Annam in Vietnam (14 ships). Cochin China (also known as Cochinchina or in French, Cochinchine) was the southernmost part of Vietnam beside Cambodia. ... Annam, literally meaning Pacified South, is a region of central Vietnam that fell under Chinese rule in 111 BC as Annan (安南). Known locally as Trung Bộ, meaning Central Boundary, it was formerly a kingdom the size of Sweden with its capital at Hué. It had been seized by the French...

Relative importance

The 350 Red Seal ships recorded between 1604 and 1634, averaging about 10 ships per year, have to be compared to the single Portuguese carrack visiting Nagasaki from Macao every year, although the carrack was large in tonnage (between 2 to 3 times a single Red Seal ship), and has a rich cargoe of silk directly obtained from China. Nagasaki at night, 2003 Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki   listen? (長崎市; -shi, literally long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture located on the south-western coast of Kyushu, the southernmost of the four mainland islands of Japan. ...

Also in comparison, the English factory in Hirado only received four ships from England in the space of 10 years (during its existence between 1613 and 1623), with generally unvaluable cargoe. The factory actually had to resort to trade between Japan and Southeast Asia under the Red Seal system, organizing seven expeditions, four of which were handled by William Adams. Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Events January 14 - Connecticuts first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted. ... Categories: Cities in Nagasaki Prefecture | Japan geography stubs ... William Adams (1564–1620). ...

The Japanese Shogun was very defiant of Spain, and Spain very reluctant to divert shipping ressources between distant territories, so that besides the few shipwrecks of the Manilla galleon on the Japanese coast, only about one Spanish ship was dispatched to Japan every year for trade. They had a small base in Uraga, where William Adams was put in charge of selling the cargoe on several occasions. Map of Tokyo Bay, 1917 The Uraga Channel (浦賀水道 Uraga-suido) is a waterway connecting Tokyo Bay to the Sagami Gulf. ...

Only Chinese shipping seems to have been quite important during the last years of the Ming dynasty. Richard Cocks, head of the English factory in Hirado, reported that 60 to 70 Chinese junks visited Nagasaki in 1614, sailed by Fukienese smugglers. The Ming Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Fujian (Chinese: 福建; pinyin: Fújiàn; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ...

In 1612, overall, Padre Valentim de Carvalho, head of the Jesuit mission, stated that the annual "Great Ship" from Macao brought 1,300 quintals of silk, whereas 5,000 quintals were brought in Red Seal ships and ships from China and Manilla. Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ...

End of the system

In 1635, the Tokugawa shogunate, fearful of Christian influence, prohibited Japanese nationals from overseas travel, thus ending the period of red seal trades. This measure was quietly approved of by Europeans, especially the Dutch East India Company, who saw their competition reduced. Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ... As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ...

Timeline

• 1543 - Portuguese sailors (among them possibly Fernão Mendes Pinto) arrive in Tanegashima and transmit the arquebus.
• 1570 - Japanese pirates occupy parts of Taiwan, from where they prey on China.
• 1577 - First Japanese ships travel to Cochin-China.
• 1588 - Interdiction of Wakō piracy by Hideyoshi.
• 1592 - First recorded mention of Red Seal ships.
• 1600 - Olivier van Noort encounters a 110 tons Japanese junk in the Philippines in December.
• 1604 - First known Red Seal permit.
• 1609 - The Dutch open a trading factory in Hirado.
• 1613 - England opens a trading factory in Hirado.

- Hasekura Tsunenaga leaves for his embassy to Europe. He returns in 1620.

• 1614 - Expulsion of the Jesuits from Japan.

- William Adams starts engaging in Red Seal trade to Southeast Asia.

• 1615 - Japanese Jesuits start to proselytise in Indochina.
• 1621 - Jan Joosten manages 10 Red Seal ships.
• 1623 - Yamada Nagamasa sails from Siam to Japan, with an Ambassador of the Siamese king Sontam. He returns to Siam in 1626.

- Jan Joosten sinks in the South China Sea.

• 1624 - Japanese Jesuits start to proselytise in Siam.

- Interruption of relations with Spain.

• 1628 - Death of Yamada Nagamasa in Siam.

- Destruction of Takagi Sakuemon's (高木作右衛門) Red Seal ship in Ayutthaya by a Spanish warship.

- Destruction of the Japanese settlement in Ayutthaya by Siamese forces.

• 1633 - Re-establishement of the Japanese settlement in Ayutthaya (300-400 Japanese), with returnees from Indo-China.
• 1634 - Travel of Yamada Yahei (山田弥兵衛) from Japan to Indo-China and Siam.
• 1636 - Introduction of the Sakoku policy and interdiction of foreign travel or return from foreign countries for Japanese nationals.

// Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... This is a current Biography collaboration of the week! Please help improve it to featured article standard. ... Tanegashima (種子島) is an island lying to the south of Kyushu, south Japan, and is part of the Kagoshima Prefecture. ... Japanese arquebus of the Edo era (teppo) The Arquebus (sometimes spelled harquebus or hackbut) was a primitive firearm used in the 15th to 17th centuries. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Events March 17 - formation of the Cathay Company to send Martin Frobisher back to the New World for more gold May 28 - Publication of the Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, one of the Lutheran confessional writings. ... Cochin China (also known as Cochinchina or in French, Cochinchine) was the southernmost part of Vietnam beside Cambodia. ... 1588 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... 16th century Japanese pirate raids. ... Hideyoshi at his old age. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned at the stake for heresy July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the coastal dunes. ... Olivier van Noort (1558 - 22 February 1627) was the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... Categories: Cities in Nagasaki Prefecture | Japan geography stubs ... Events January - Galileo observes Neptune, but mistakes it for a star and so is not credited with its discovery. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Hasekuras portrait during his mission in Rome in 1615, by Claude Deruet, Coll. ... World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... William Adams (1564–1620). ... Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ... Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... Events February 9 - Gregory XV is elected pope. ... Sculpture of Jan Joosten, Yaesu district, Tokyo. ... Events August 6 - Pope Urban VIII is elected to the Papacy. ... Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa c. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ... The South China Sea, showing surrounding countries and neighbouring seas and oceans The South China Sea is a marginal sea, part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 km². It is the largest sea body after the five... Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... Events March 1 - writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ... Portrait of Yamada Nagamasa c. ... Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya or Ayuthia) refers to The old capital of Thailand, see Ayutthaya (city) The province around the city, Ayutthaya province The ruins of the old palace, see Ayutthaya historical park Ayutthaya kingdom as the period of Thai history (1365-1768) in which Ayutthaya was capital This is... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... Sakoku (Japanese: 鎖国, literally country in chains) was the foreign relations policy of the Tokugawa shogunate, whereby nobody, whether foreign or Japanese, could enter or leave Japan on pain of death. ...

See also

• Nanban trade period

The Nanban Trade Period (Jp:南蛮貿易時代, Lit. ...

References

• 永積洋子 「朱印船」2001 日本歴史会館, Yoko Nagazumi, "Red Seal ships", 2001, Japan Historical Society ISBN 4642066594 (in Japanese)
• Boxer "The Christian century in Japan 1549-1650" Carcanet ISBN 1857540352

External links

• Commercial Trade between Japan and Vietnam