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The "red telephone" was a famous hotline which linked the White House via the National Military Command Center with the Kremlin during the Cold War. It was established following an agreement on June 20, 1963 after the events of the Cuban missile crisis made it clear that reliable, direct communications between the two nuclear powers was a necessity. During the crisis, it took nearly 12 hours to receive and decode Nikita Khruschev's 3,000 word initial settlement message—a dangerously long time in the chronology of nuclear brinkmanship. By the time the U.S. had drafted a reply, a tougher message from Moscow had been received demanding that U.S. missiles be removed from Turkey. White House advisors at the time thought that the crisis could have been more quickly resolved and easily averted if communication had been faster. This link was encrypted using the mathematically unbreakable one-time pad system.^[1] Initially the red phone was not actually a telephone, but a set of high-speed teleprinters, based on the idea that spontaneous verbal communications could lead to miscommunications and misperceptions. By the mid-1970s, the hotline featured an actual telephone. The hotline was used for the first time during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war when both superpowers informed each other of military moves which might have been provocative or ambiguous.^[2] The hotline was originally carried over the TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Moscow-Washington hotline is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and Russia. ... In telecommunication, a hotline (also called an automatic signaling service or off-hook service) is a point-to-point communications link in which a call is automatically directed to the preselected destination without any additional action by the user when the end instrument goes off-hook. ... North façade of the White House, seen from Pennsylvania Avenue. ... Located in the Pentagon, the National Military Command Center houses the logistical and communications center for the National Command Authority of the USA. This center is not directly necessary to initiate nuclear attack, but it serves as essentially a communications/operations center nearby Washington, D.C. It is commonly referred... The Moscow Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль) is the best known kremlin ( Russian citadel). ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... USAF reconnaissance photo of one of the suspected launch sites The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding the Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ... Nikita Khrushchev in 1962 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв) (nih-KEE-tah khroo-SHCHYOFF) (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ... This article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. ... Excerpt from a one-time pad. ... Teletype machines in World War II A teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY for TeleTYpe/TeleTYpewriter) is a now largely obsolete electro-mechanical typewriter which can be used to communicate typed messages from point to point through a simple electrical communications channel, often just a pair of wires. ... (Redirected from 1967 Arab-Israeli war) The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. ... A transatlantic telephone cable is a submarine communications cable that carries telephone traffic under the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe. ...

An original East German teleprinter used in the initial 1963 "hotline" setup is currently on display at the National Cryptologic Museum located on the National Security Agency (NSA) campus at Fort Meade, Maryland. “East Germany” redirects here. ... The United States National Cryptologic Museum is museum of cryptography history, affiliated with the National Security Agency (NSA). ... The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is the U.S. governments cryptologic organization. ... Fort George G. Meade, 5 miles (8 km) northeast of the town of Laurel, Maryland, is a semi-active US Army installation. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,417 sq mi (32,160 km²)  - Width 90 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37°53N to 39°43N  - Longitude 75°4W to 79°33...

References

1. ^ David Kahn, The Codebreakers, pp. 715-716
2. ^ "Cold War hotline recalled", BBC News, June 7, 2003, retrieved March 24, 2006.

June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (84th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

External links

• Hotline: 40 Years of Building Up Trust
• National Cryptologic Museum official website
• CNN Cold War - Spotlight: The birth of the hot line