REFER, EP (EP stands for Empresa Publica, English, Public Enterprise) Portuguese Rail Infrastructure Manager, since 1997.
Portuguese railway network extension:
Broad Gauge (1668mm): 2603 km, 1351 km electrified (At 25 kV 50 Hz and 25 km at 1,5kV DC). Narrow Gauge (1000mm): 188 km not electrified. The maximum extension was 3592 km reached in 1949, but in the late 80'/early 90's some lines were shortened and some totally closed.
Reference in a context is ‘content,’ that is, an expression's contribution to ‘what is said.’ Character is more like linguistic meaning than reference and is supposed (according to Kaplan) to account for cognitive significance.
Reference is arguably the central notion in the philosophy of language, with close ties to the notions of meaning and truth.
Reference, construed as a relation between bits of language and bits of reality, is assumed to be a genuine, substantive relation worthy of philosophical scrutiny.
In semantics, reference is generally construed as the relation between nouns or pronouns and objects that are named by them.
In computer science, references are datatypes which refer to an object elsewhere in memory, and are used to construct a wide variety of data structures such as linked lists.
In scholarship, a reference may be a citation of a text that has been used in the creation of a piece of work such as an essay, report, or oration.
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