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A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) neuromuscular action elicited by a defined stimulus.[1] In most contexts, especially involving humans, a reflex action is mediated via the reflex arc (although this is not always true in other animals, or in more casual usage of the term 'reflex'.) In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. ...
A reflex arc is the neural pathway mediating a reflex. ...
Mechanism A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc. Reflexes can be built-in or learnt. For example, a person stepping on a sharp object would initiate the reflex action through the creation of a stimulus, (pain) within specialized sense receptors located in the skin tissue of the foot. The resulting stimulus would be transmitted through afferent, or sensory neurons to the spinal cord. This stimulus is usually processed by an interneuron to create an immediate response to pain by initiating a motor (muscular) response which is acted upon by muscles of the leg, retracting the foot away from the object. This retraction would occur as the pain sensation is arriving in the brain which would process a more cognitive evaluation of the situation. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Control theory. ...
Stimulation is the irritating action of various agents (stimuli) on muscles, nerves, or a sensory end organ, by which activity is evoked; especially, the nervous impulse produced by various agents on nerves, or a sensory end organ, by which the part connected with the nerve is thrown into a state...
A response is the following: Often a response is the result of a stimulus. ...
A reflex arc is the neural pathway mediating a reflex. ...
In nervous systems, afferent signals or nerve fibers carry information toward the brain. ...
The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...
An interneuron (also called relay neuron,association neuron or bipolar neuron) is a term used to describe a neuron which has two different common meanings. ...
Cognitive The scientific study of how people obtain, retrieve, store and manipulate information. ...
Reaction time For a reflex, reaction time or latency is the time from the onset of a stimulus until the organism responds. Reaction time, in humans, is the elapsed time between the receiving of stimuli and the subsequent reaction. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Hold a dollar bill in your right hand, at about chest level. Have someone place his left hand around the middle of the bill with the thumb and index finger about an inch apart. No part of his hand may touch the bill. Now, tell him that when you let go of the bill he won't be able to catch it before it passes through his fingers.
Human reflexes Reflex actions include: Image File history File links ReflexArc1. ...
Image File history File links ReflexArc1. ...
A reflex arc is the neural pathway mediating a reflex. ...
An interneuron (also called relay neuron,association neuron or bipolar neuron) is a term used to describe a neuron which has two different common meanings. ...
The patellar reflex or knee jerk is a monosynaptic reflex. ...
The deep tendon reflexes provide information on the integrity of the central and peripheral nervous system. Generally, decreased reflexes indicate a peripheral problem, and lively or exaggerated reflexes a central one. Tendon reflex (or T-reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction after its tendon is hit. ...
It is reflex muscle contraction in response of its stretch. ...
While the reflexes above are stimulated mechanically, the term H-reflex refers to the analogous reflex stimulated electrically, and Tonic vibration reflex for those stimulated by vibration. Pronation A rotation of the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position, or palm facing down. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The patellar reflex or knee jerk is a monosynaptic reflex. ...
The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsi-flexed. ...
In medicine (neurology), the Babinski reflex or Babinski sign is a reflex that can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain. ...
This reflectory reaction was first described by Paul Hoffmann (hense H-reflex) in 1910. ...
Tonic vibration reflex is a sustained contraction of a muscle subjected to vibration. ...
Reflexes involving cranial nerves In medicine, pupil constriction (also known as the pupillary reflex) is reduction of pupil size. ...
Human eye The Accommodation Reflex is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at distant object (and vice versa). ...
Corneal reflex This is an automated involuntary blinking of the eyelids (See : Reflex) elicited by stimulation (such as touching or a foreign body) of the eyeballs cornea. ...
In medicine, the caloric reflex test is a test of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. ...
Figure 3 Three-neuron arc, during a head movement to the right. ...
Gag Reflex is a sketch comedy collective with ensembles near Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas. ...
Reflexes in infants only Newborn babies have a number of other reflexes which are not seen in adults.[2]. These include: Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 545 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Permission see below This image needs to be cleaned up, because: blurry For help, see Commons:Images for cleanup. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 545 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Permission see below This image needs to be cleaned up, because: blurry For help, see Commons:Images for cleanup. ...
A human infant The word Infant derives from the Latin in-fans, meaning unable to speak. ...
See also main article at primitive reflexes. Suction is the creation of a partial vacuum, or region of low pressure. ...
The hand to mouth reflex is when you put your finger down your throat in order to induce vomiting or cough. ...
The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is one of the infantile reflexes. ...
The grasp reflex is the tendency of an infant to clutch its hands into fists, grabbing tightly around whatever crosses their palms. ...
The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans, but normally vanishes by the childs first birthday. ...
The tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans. ...
A reflex action is essentially an automatic and specific response to a particular stimulus. ...
Other Processes such as breathing, digestion and the maintenance of the heartbeat can also be regarded as reflex actions, according to some definitions of the term. The anal wink or anocutaneous reflex is the reflexive contraction of the external anal sphincter upon stroking of the skin around the anus. ...
Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning) is a type of associative learning. ...
This involves a withdrawal reflex—the flexors on the withdrawing side are contracting and the extensors are inhibited. ...
Escape reflex, a kind of a escape response, is a simple reflectory reaction in response to stimuli indicative of danger, that initiates an escape motion of an animal. ...
Submerging the face into water causes the mammalian diving reflex, which is found in all mammals (including humans, although it is less pronounced), but especially in marine mammals (as, for example, whales and seals. ...
ACHOO disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. ...
The scratch reflex is a reflex transmitted by very sensitive nerve endings near the surface of the skin via the spinal cord, and is a reflex frequently inherited by mammals. ...
The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) is a spinal reflex intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli. ...
Breathing transports oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac cycle. ...
See also Automatism is the practice or theory of the spontaneous production of words (speech or writing), drawing, painting or other creative production, or behavior in general, without conscious self-control or self-censorship. ...
In criminal law, automatism is a complex and sometimes controversial excuse to liability where physical or environmental factors negate the existence of the actus reus (Latin for guilty act // Voluntariness La Forest J. in the Canadian Supreme Court case of R v Parks (1992) 75 CCC (3d) 287, 302 asserted...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
This is an example of a reflexology chart, correlating areas of the feet with organs in the zones of the body. ...
A reflex hammer is a medical instrument used by physicians to test deep tendon reflexes. ...
This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...
A voluntary action is a motor response induced by a processed response to external stimulus. ...
Example of a blinking eye (slow-motion) Blinking is the rapid closing and opening of the eyelid. ...
The neurological examination is the physical examination of the nervous system. ...
References - ^ Purves (2004). Neuroscience: Third Edition. Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates, Inc.
- ^ FPnotebook NIC27
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