The broad definition of regicide is the deliberate killing of a monarch, or the person responsible for it. In a narrower sense, in the British tradition, it refers to the judicial execution of a king after alleged due process of law. Regicide may refer to: Regicide, the murder of a monarch or a person who murders a monarch Regicide, a gothic metal band Regicide, a gameplay mode in various real-time strategy games Regicide, a song by Matmos from the 2003 album The Civil War Regicide, a quest in the online... Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. ... Due process of law is a legal concept that ensures the government will respect all of a persons legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights, when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property. ...

The regicide of Mary Queen of Scots

Before the Tudor period, English Kings were murdered while imprisoned (for example Edward II) or killed in battle by their subjects (for example Richard III), but none of these deaths are usually referred to as regicide. The word regicide seems to have come into popular use among foreign Catholics when Pope Sixtus V renewed the solemn bull of excommunication against the crowned regicide Queen Elizabeth I, for executing Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 among other things. She had originally been excommunicated (Regnans in Excelsis) by Pope Pius V for reverting England to Protestantism after the reign of Mary I of England (Bloody Mary). The defeat of the Spanish Armada and the "Protestant wind" convinced most English people that God approved of Elizabeth's action. The thought of being hanged, drawn and quartered, or burnt alive, was enough to silence any English people who might have queried this line of argument. Edward II, (25 April 1284 – 21 September? 1327), of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327. ... Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. ... Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ... Elizabeth I redirects here. ... Mary I of Scotland; known as Mary, Queen of Scots Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was the ruler of Scotland from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567. ... 1587 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Pope and the Queen Regnans in Excelsis was a papal bull issued on February 25, 1570 by Pope Pius V declaring Elizabeth I to be a heretic and releasing all her subjects from any allegiance. ... Saint Pius V, né Antonio Ghislieri, from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri (January 17, 1504 – May 1, 1572) was pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Protestantism encompasses the forms... Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July 1553 (de facto) or 19 July 1553 (de jure) until her death on 17 November 1558. ... Combatants England Dutch Republic Spain Portugal Commanders Charles Howard Francis Drake Duke of Medina Sidonia Strength 34 warships 163 armed merchant vessels 22 galleons 108 armed merchant vessels Casualties 50–100 dead[1] ~400 wounded 600 dead, 800 wounded,[2] 397 captured, 4 merchant ships sunk or captured The Spanish... Drawing and quartering was part of the penalty once ordained in England for treason. ... Burning of two sodomites at the stake outside Zürich, 1482 (Spiezer Schilling) Execution by burning has a long history as a method of punishment for crimes such as treason and for other unpopular acts such as heresy and the putative practice of witchcraft (burning, however, was actually less common...

The regicide of Charles I of England

See also: List of regicides of Charles I and High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I

After the First English Civil War, King Charles I was a prisoner of the Parliamentarians. They tried to negotiate a compromise with him, but he stuck steadfastly to his view that he was King by Divine Right and attempted in secret to raise an army to fight against them. When it became obvious to the leaders of the Parliamentarians that they could not negotiate a settlement with him and they could not trust him to refrain from raising an army against them, they reluctantly came to the conclusion that they would have to kill him. On 13 December 1648, the House of Commons broke off negotiations with the King. Two days later, the Council of Officers of the New Model Army voted that the King be moved from the Isle of Wight, where he was prisoner, to Windsor "in order to the bringing of him speedily to justice".^[1] In the middle of December, the King was moved from Windsor to London. The House of Commons of the Rump Parliament passed a Bill setting up a High Court of Justice in order to try Charles I for high treason in the name of the people of England. From a Royalist and post-restoration perspective this Bill was not lawful, since the House of Lords refused to pass it and it failed to receive Royal Assent. However, the Parliamentary leaders and the Army pressed on with the trial anyway. Regicides of Charles I are considered to be the 59 Commissioners (Judges) who formed the tribunal that tried King Charles I of England and signed his death warrant, along with other officials who participated in his trial or execution, and Hugh Peters an influential republican preacher. ... The High Court of Justice is the name given to the court established by the Rump Parliament to try King Charles I. This was an ad hoc tribunal created specifically for the purpose of trying the king, although the same name was used again for subsequent courts. ... The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... The Roundheads was the nickname given to supporters of the Parliamentarian cause in the English Civil War. ... The Divine Right of Kings is a European political and religious doctrine of political absolutism. ... December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1648 (MDCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Army Council was a term first used in 1647 to describe an institution which cordinated the views of all levels of the New Model Army. ... The New Model Army became the best known of the various Parliamentarian armies in the English Civil War. ... The Isle of Wight is an English island and county, off the southern English coast, to the south of the county of Hampshire. ... Windsor (IPA: usually , but also ) is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament immediately following the Long Parliament, after Prides Purge of December 6, 1648 had removed those Members of Parliament hostile to the intentions of the Grandees in the New Model Army to try King Charles I for high treason. ... {{main|Treason}} High treason, broadly defined, is an action which is grossly disloyal to ones country or sovereign. ... King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. ... The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as the Lords. The Sovereign, the House of Commons (which is the lower house of Parliament and referred to as the Commons), and the Lords together comprise the Parliament. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...

At his trial in front of The High Court of Justice on Saturday 20 January 1649 in Westminster Hall, Charles asked "I would know by what power I am called hither. I would know by what authority, I mean lawful [authority]".^[2] In view of the historic issues involved, both sides based themselves on surprisingly technical legal grounds. Charles did not dispute that Parliament as a whole did have some judicial powers, but he maintained that the House of Commons on its own could not try anybody, and so he refused to plead. At that time under English law if a prisoner refused to plead then this was treated as a plea of guilty. (This has since been changed; a refusal to plead now is interpreted as a not-guilty plea.) January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Clock Tower and New Palace Yard from the west The Palace of Westminster, on the banks of the River Thames in Westminster, London, is the home of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, which form the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... English law is a formal term of art that describes the law for the time being in force in England and Wales. ...

He was found guilty on Saturday 27 January 1649, and his death warrant was signed by 59 Commissioners. To show their agreement with the sentence of death, all of the Commissioners who were present rose to their feet. January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Regicides of Charles I are considered to be the 59 Commissioners (Judges) who formed the tribunal that tried King Charles I of England and signed his death warrant, along with other officials who participated in his trial or execution, and Hugh Peters an influential republican preacher. ...

On the day of his execution, 30 January 1649, Charles dressed in two shirts so that he would not shiver from the cold, in case it was said that he was shivering from fear. His execution was delayed by several hours so that the House of Commons could pass an emergency bill to make it an offence to proclaim a new King, and to declare the representatives of the people, the House of Commons, as the source of all just power. Charles was then escorted through the Banqueting House in the Palace of Whitehall to a scaffold. He forgave those who had passed sentence on him and gave instructions to his enemies that they should learn to "know their duty to God, the King - that is, my successors - and the people".^[3] He then gave a brief speech outlining his unchanged views of the relationship between the monarchy and the monarch's subjects, ending with the words "I am the martyr of the people".^[4] His head was severed from his body with one blow, and a groan went up from the crowd that witnessed the execution. January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Banqueting House, Whitehall, London The Banqueting House at Whitehall is a famous London building, formerly part of the Palace of Whitehall, designed by architect Inigo Jones in 1619, and completed in 1622, with assistance from John Webb. ... The Palace of Whitehall by Hendrick Danckerts. ...

One week later, the Rump, sitting in the House of Commons, passed a bill abolishing the monarchy. Ardent Royalists refused to accept it on the basis that there could never be a vacancy of the Crown. Others refused because, as the bill had not passed the House of Lords and did not have Royal Assent, it could not become an Act of Parliament.

The Declaration of Breda 11 years later paved the way for the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. At the restoration, thirty-one of the fifty-nine Commissioners who had signed the death warrant were living. A general pardon was given by Charles II and Parliament to his opponents, but the regicides were excluded. A number fled the country. Some, such as Daniel Blagrave, fled to continental Europe, while others like John Dixwell, Edward Whalley, and William Goffe fled to New Haven, Connecticut. Those who were still available were put on trial. Six regicides were found guilty and suffered the fate of being hanged, drawn and quartered: Thomas Harrison, John Jones, Adrian Scroope, John Carew, Thomas Scot, and Gregory Clement. The captain of the guard at the trial, Daniel Axtel who encouraged his men to barrack the King when he tried to speak in his own defence, an influential preacher Hugh Peters, and the leading prosecutor at the trial John Cook were executed in a similar manner. Colonel Francis Hacker who signed the order to the executioner of the king and commanded the guard around the scaffold and at the trial was hanged. Some regicides were pardoned, while a further nineteen served life imprisonment. The bodies of the regicides Cromwell, Bradshaw and Ireton which had been buried in Westminster Abbey were disinterred and hanged drawn and quartered. In 1662, three more regicides John Okey, John Barkstead and Miles Corbet were also hanged, drawn and quartered. The officers of the court that tried Charles I, those who prosecuted him and those who signed his death warrant, have been known ever since the restoration as regicides. Breda in the Netherlands, where King Charles II of England resided during his exile, has given its name to his Declaration of Breda (1660). ... // Events January 1 - Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins advance towards London in support of English Restoration. ... King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. ... The Indemnity and Oblivion Act passage through the Convention Parliament was secured by Lord Clarendon, the first minister of King Charles II and it became law on 29 August 1660 during the first year of the English Restoration. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... Daniel Blagrave (1603-1668) was a prominent resident of the town of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. ... John Dixwell (1607 - 18 March 1689) was one of the judges who tried King Charles I of England and condemned him to death. ... Edward Whalley (c. ... William Goffe (1605? - 1679?), English parliamentarian, son of Stephen Goffe, puritan rector of Stanmer in Essex, began life as an apprentice to a London salter, a zealous parliamentarian, but on the outbreak of the civil war he joined the army and became captain in Colonel Harleys regiment of the... Nickname: Location in Connecticut Coordinates: NECTA New Haven Region South Central Region Settled 1638 Incorporated (city) 1784 Consolidated 1895 Government  - Type Mayor-board of aldermen  - Mayor John DeStefano, Jr. ... To be hanged, drawn, and quartered was the penalty once ordained in England for high treason. ... Thomas Harrison (1606 - October 14, 1660) was a Puritan soldier and later a leader of the Fifth monarchy men. ... John Jones was one of the regicides of King Charles I. A brother-in-law of Oliver Cromwell, Jones was from North Wales and is often surnamed Jones Maesygarnedd after the location of his Denbighshire estate. ... Colonel Adrian Scrope (Circa 1601 - October 17, 1660) was the thirty seventh of the fifty nine Commisoners who signed the Death Warrent of King Charles I in January of 1649 after the English Civil War. ... John Carew was one of the regicides of King Charles I. He was a prominent member of the Fifth Monarchy Men who saw the overthrow of Charles I as a divine sign of the second coming of Jesus and the establishment of the millennium a thousand years of Christs... Thomas Scot was one of the regicides of King Charles I. Early Life Thomas Scot had been a lawyer in Buckinghamshire who grew to prominence as the treasurer of the region’s County Committee between 1644 to 1646 . ... Gregory Clement (1594–1660) was an English Member of Parliament and one of the regicides of King Charles I. Clement was the son of John Clement, a merchant and one time Mayor of Plymouth. ... Colonel Daniel Axtell was Captain of the Parliamentary Guard at the trial of King Charles I at Westminster Hall in 1649. ... Hugh Peters [or Peter] (June, 1598 - October 16, 1660), English Independent divine, son of Thomas Dyckwoode, alias Peters, descended from a family which had quitted the Netherlands to escape religious persecution, and of Martha, daughter of John Treffry of Treffry in Cornwall, was baptized on the 29th of June 1598... John Cooke(1608 –1660) was the Solicitor General and the leading prosecutor at the trial of Charles I. After the Restoration of Charles II as a regicide he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act which indemnified most opponents of the Monarchy for crimes they might of committed during... Francis Hacker was an English soldier and one of the Regicides of King Charles I of England. ... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... John Bradshaw (1602-October 31, 1659) was one of the judges to preside over the trial and subsequent death sentence of Charles I of England. ... Henry Ireton Henry Ireton (1611 - November 26, 1651), was an English general in the army of Parliament during the English Civil War. ... The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ... John Okey (1606–1662) was an English soldier, member of Parliament and one of the regicides of King Charles I. In January 1649, as a commissioner of the High Court of Justice at the trial of King Charles, he was 6th of the 59 signatories on the death warrant of... John Barkstead was an English Major-General and Regicide, (d. ... Miles Corbet (1595-1662) was a puritan MP for Yarmouth, England, and played a part in the regicide of Charles I, as the 59th (and last) of the signatories of the Kings death warrant. ...

The Parliamentary Archives in the Palace of Westminster, London, holds the original death warrant of Charles I.

Other regicides

Under the definition of a regicide in common usage in England, there have been two other such events since 1649: the execution of Louis XVI of France in 1793, after sentence of death by the National Convention and Maximilian I of Mexico in 1867 by a Mexican court-martial. // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Louis XVI, born Louis-Auguste de France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México) (July 6, 1832 – June 19, 1867) (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph) was a member of Austrias Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ...

Under Pope Sixtus V's broader definition of regicide and excluding monarchs killed in battle, other regicides include: Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ...

1. 1589 Henri III of France by Jacques Clément
2. 1610 Henri IV of France by François Ravaillac
3. 1792 Gustav III of Sweden by Jacob Johan Anckarström
4. 1801 Emperor Paul of Russia by Count Pahlen and his accomplices
5. 1828 Shaka King of the Zulus by his half-brother and successor Dingane and accomplices
6. 1881 Alexander II of Russia by Ignacy Hryniewiecki, a member of Narodnaya Volya (People's Will)
7. 1895 Min of Joseon by three mercenary killers allegedly hired by Japanese minister to Korea Miura Goro
8. 1896 Nasser al-Din Shah, Qajar king of Persia (Iran), by Mirza Reza Kermani.
9. 1900 Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Gaetano Bresci
10. 1903 King Aleksandar Obrenović of Serbia and his wife Queen Draga by a group of army officers Black Hand
11. 1908 Charles of Portugal by Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buiça, both connected to the Carbonária (the Portuguese section of the Carbonari)
12. 1913 George I of Greece by Aleksander Schinas
13. 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip. Started World War One.
14. 1918 Nicholas II of Russia by the Bolsheviks
15. 1958 Faisal II of Iraq executed by firing squad under the command of Captain Abdus Sattar As Sab, a member of the coup d'état led by Colonel Abdul Karim Qassim.
16. 1975 Faisal of Saudi Arabia by his nephew Faisal ibn Musad (Assassin publicly beheaded)
17. 2001 Birendra of Nepal by his son Crown Prince Dipendra in the massacre of the Nepalese royal family; Dipendra proceeded to commit suicide without having been crowned king.

Events Rebellion of the Catholic League against King Henry III of France, in revenge for his murder of Duke Henry of Guise. ... Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 - August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ... Jacques Clément (1567 - August 1, 1589) was the murderer of the French king Henry III. He was born at Serbonnes, in todays Yonne département, in Burgundy, and became a Dominican friar. ... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... By Frans Pourbus the younger. ... François Ravaillac François Ravaillac (1578 – May 27, 1610) was the killer of Henry IV of France. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Gustav III (13 January (O.S.) or (24 January (N.S.) 1746 – March 29, 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. ... Jacob Johan Anckarström (May 11, 1762 - April 27, 1792) was a Swedish military officer, and regicide. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Paul I of Russia Paul I of Russia (Russian: Pavel Petrovich, Павел I Петрович) (October 1, 1754 - March 23, 1801) was an Emperor (Tsar) of Russia (1796 - 1801). ... Count Peter Alekseyevich Pahlen Count Peter Alekseyevich Pahlen (Russian: Пётр Алексеевич Пален; German: Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen) (1745—1826) was a Russian courtier who played a signal role in the assassination of Emperor Paul. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Only known drawing of Shaka standing with the long throwing assegai and the heavy shield in 1824 - four years before his death Shaka (sometimes spelled Tshaka, Tchaka or Chaka; ca. ... Languages Zulu Religions Christian, African Traditional Religion Related ethnic groups Bantu Nguni Basotho Xhosa Swazi Matabele Khoisan The Zulu (South African English and isiZulu: amaZulu) are a South African ethnic group of an estimated 17-22 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ... Dingane kaSenzangakhona Zulu (ca. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevich (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (born 29 April 1818 in Moscow; died 13 March 1881 in St. ... Ignacy Hryniewiecki (Игнатий Гриневицкий in Russian, or Ignatiy Grinevitskiy) (August of 1855, or fall of 1856 - 1881), Polish-Russian revolutionary, murderer of Tsar Alexander II of Russia. ... Narodnaya Volya (Народная воля in Russian, known as People’s Will in English) was a Russian revolutionary organization in the early 1880s. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Her Imperial Majesty Empress Myeongseong of Korea (October 19, 1851 – October 8, 1895), more commonly known as Queen Min (明成皇后), was the last empress of Korea. ... Korea (Korean: 한국 in South Korea or ì¡°ì„  in North Korea, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Miura Goro (1846-1926) Born in Yamaguchi, Japan in 1846, he was appointed foriegn minister to Korea in 1895, where he as involve in the murder of Empress Min of Korea. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Nasser-al-Din Shah The Shah, on his European tour, in The Royal Albert Hall, London Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar (Persian: ‎ translit: ) (July 16, 1831 - May 1, 1896) was the Shah of Persia from September 17, 1848 until his death on May 1, 1896. ... The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Umberto I, King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy (Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy), (14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. ... Gaetano Bresci (1869 - May 22, 1901), was an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian king Humbert I. He is still considered a hero by many anarchists and republicans. ... 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... King Aleksandar Obrenović Aleksandar Obrenović or Александар Обреновић (August 14, 1876 - June 11, 1903), was king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 8th century   -  First unified state c. ... Draga Masin, also known as Queen Draga, was a former lady-in-waiting to the mother of King Alexander of Serbia. ... Members of the Black Hand Black Hand (Serbian: Црна рука / Crna Ruka), officially Unification or Death (Serbian: Уједињење или смрт / Ujedinjenje ili smrt) was a secret society founded in Serbia in May 1911[1][2] as part of the Pan-Slavism nationalist movement, with the intention of uniting all of the territories containing Serb populations... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Carlos, King of Portugal (Eng. ... The Carbonária was an anti-clerical, revolutionary, conspiratorial society established in Portugal in 1822. ... The Carbonari (charcoal burners[1]) were groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th-century Italy. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ... Aleksander Schinas Aleksander (Aleko) Schinas (1870s, Volos - May 6, 1913), was a Greek[1] anarchist who assassinated King George I of Greece in Thessaloniki in 1913. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Franz Ferdinand links to here. ... Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип, IPA: ) (July 25, 1894) – April 28, 1918) was an ethnic Yugoslav[1] with links to a group known as the Black Hand (Црна Рука or Crna Ruka) and Mlada Bosna, who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Nicholas II of Russia (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July [O.S. 4 July] 1918) (Russian: , Nikolay II) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland,[1] and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Faisal II of Iraq Faisal II (May 2, 1935 - July 14, 1958) was the last king of Iraq from April 4, 1939 to 1958. ... // A coup dÉtat (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, often through illegal means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ... Abdul Karim Qassim (Arabic: ‎; also various other spellings; including Kassem, Quasim; popularly known as az-Za‘īm (Arabic: الزعيم) the leader) (1914 – February 9, 1963), was an Iraqi military officer involved in the 1958 military coup détat. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Faisal bin Musad bin Abdel Aziz (April 4, 1944 - 1975) was the assassin and nephew of King Faisal. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This December 2006 does not cite its references or sources. ... Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (June 27, 1971 – June 4, 2001) was King of Nepal from June 1 to June 4, 2001. ... Suicide (Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of intentionally taking ones own life. ...

Regicides as murders

Regicide has particular resonance within the concept of the Divine Right of Kings, whereby monarchs were presumed by decision of God to have a divinely anointed authority to rule. As such, an attack on a king by one of his own subjects was taken to amount to a direct challenge to the monarch, to his Divine Right to Rule, and thus to God's will. Even after the disappearance of the Divine Right of Kings and the appearance of constitutional monarchies, the term continued and continues to be used to describe the murder of a king. The Divine Right of Kings is a European political and religious doctrine of political absolutism. ... “King” redirects here. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ...

In France, the judicial penalty for regicides (i.e. those who had murdered, or attempted to murder, the King) was especially hard, even in regard to the harsh judicial practices of pre-revolutionary France. As with many criminals, the regicide was tortured so as to make him tell the names of his accomplices. However, the method of execution itself was a form of torture. Here is a description of the death of Robert-François Damiens, who attempted to kill Louis XV: The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... Torture is defined by the United Nations Convention Against Torture as any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he... Robert-François Damiens Robert-François Damiens (1715-1757) was a Frenchman who attained notoriety by unsuccessfully attempting the assassination of Louis XV of France in 1757. ... Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 until his death. ...

He was first tortured with red-hot pincers; his hand, holding the knife used in the attempted murder, was burnt using sulphur; molten wax, lead, and boiling oil were poured into his wounds. Horses were then harnessed to his arms and legs for his dismemberment. Damiens' joints would not break; after some hours, representatives of the Parlement ordered the executioner and his aides to cut Damiens' joints. Damiens was then dismembered, to the applause of the crowd. His trunk, apparently still living, was then burnt at the stake.

In common with earlier executions for regicides:

• the hand that attempted the murder is burnt
• the regicide is dismembered alive.

Interestingly, in both the François Ravaillac and the Damiens cases, court papers refer to the offenders as a patricide, rather than as regicide, which lets one deduce that, through divine right, the king was also regarded as "Father of the country". François Ravaillac François Ravaillac (1578 – May 27, 1610) was the killer of Henry IV of France. ... Patricide is (i) the act of killing ones father, or (ii) a person who kills his or her father. ...

See also

• Fifth Monarchy Men saw the overthrow of Charles I as a divine sign of the second coming of Jesus.
• Society of King Charles the Martyr

• Democide (killing of a large group of culturally related people)
• Filicide (killing of one's sons or daughters)
• Fratricide (killing of one's brother)
• Genocide (Intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group)
• Matricide (killing of one's mother)
• Patricide (killing of one's father)
• Sororicide (killing of one's sister)
• Suicide (killing of oneself)
• Tyrannicide (killing of a tyrant)
• Infanticide (killing of an infant)
• Homicide (killing of another person/persons)

The Fifth Monarchy Men were a radical Puritan politico-religious party active from 1649 to 1661 (the Interregnum) during Oliver Cromwells government. ... Charles I (1631) by Daniel Mytens. ... Democide is a term created by political scientist R. J. Rummel in order to create a broader concept than the legal definition of genocide. ... Filicide is the deliberate act of a parent killing his or her own son or daughter. ... Fratricide (from the Latin word frater, meaning: brother and cide meaning to kill) is the act of a person killing his or her brother. ... Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or... Matricide is the act of killing ones mother. ... Patricide is (i) the act of killing ones father, or (ii) a person who kills his or her father. ... This article is about a kind of homicide. ... Suicide (Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of intentionally taking ones own life. ... Tyrannicide literally means the killing of a tyrant. ... In sociology and biology, infanticide is the practice of intentionally causing the death of an infant of a given species, by members of the same species - often by the mother. ... Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ...

References

• The opening speech of Charles I at his trial
• The trial of King Charles I – defining moment for our constitutional liberties by The Hon Justice Michael Kirby AC CMG, to the Anglo-Australasian Lawyers' association, on January 22 1999.

Further reading

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

a survey of regicides in the 19th century.

Look up regicide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Wedgwood, C.V. A Coffin for King Charles: The Trial of Charles I, First Pub: Penguin (June 1964); also recent US Pub Akadine (October 2001) ISBN 1-58579-033-8
• David Lagomarsino, Charles T. Wood (Editor) The Trial of Charles I: A Documentary History Pub: Dartmouth College, (November 1989), ISBN 0-87451-499-1
• Geoffrey Robertson The Tyrannicide Brief, Pub: Random House, (August 2005), ISBN 0-7011-7602-4
• Full text of the Act erecting a High Court of Justice for the Trial of Charles I January 6, 1649
• Full text of the Sentence of the High Court of Justice upon the King, 27 January, 1649
• Full text of The Death Warrant of Charles I, 29 January, 1649
• House of Lords Record Office: The Death Warrant of King Charles I
• Full text of the Act abolishing the Office of King, 17 March, 1649

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Kirby References See Footnote 10. C V Wedgewood, The Trial of Charles I, Penguin (1964), p.44
2. ^ Kirby References See Footnotes 13 and 18. "The record of the Trial also appears in Cobbett's Complete Collection of State Trials, Vol IV, covering 1640-1649 published in London in 1809. p.995."
3. ^ Kirby References § "After the trial" ¶ 4
4. ^ Kirby References See Footnotes 13 and 36. "The record of the Trial also appears in Cobbett's Complete Collection of State Trials, Vol IV, covering 1640-1649 published in London in 1809. p.1132."