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Europe is often divided into regions due to geographical, cultural or historical criteria. Some common divisions are as follows. World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ...
Directional divisions
Groupings by compass directions are the hardest to define in Europe, since (among other issues) the pure geographical criteria of "east" and "west" are often confused with the political meaning these words acquired during the Cold War era. For more details on this matter, see the articles on the following: The Cold War (Russian: Ð¥Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð° Kholodnaya Voina) was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their military alliance partners. ...
A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ...
The definition of continental subregions in use by the United Nations. ...
Northern Europe is marked in dark blue Northern Europe is a name of the northern part of the European continent. ...
Current division of Europe into five (or more) regions: one definition of Southern Europe is marked in green Southern Europe is a region of the European continent. ...
Regions of Europe Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...
Historical divisions Europe can be divided along many differing historical lines, normally corresponding to those parts that were inside or outside a particular cultural phenomenon, empire or political division. The areas varied at different times, and so it is arguable as to which areas fell into certain areas (e.g. can Germany or Britain be considered Roman Europe as they were only part of the Empire for a brief period, or can Yugoslavia be considered part of Eastern Europe as, even though it was Communist, it was not in the Warsaw Pact. Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all South Slavic languages, ЈугоÑлавија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for the three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ...
This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...
Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement among airlines about financial liability. ...
Octavian, widely known as Augustus, founder of the Roman empire The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ...
Latin Europe Blue: Countries where a Romance language is the national language Green: Countries where a Romance language is an official language Latin Europe (Italian/Portuguese/Spanish: Europa latina; Romanian: Europa latină; French: Europe latine) is composed of those nations and areas in Europe that speak a Romance language and...
Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή ΑυτοκÏατοÏία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ...
This medieval map, which abstracts the known world to a cross inscribed within an orb, remakes geography in the service of Christian iconography. ...
Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism Bagan, a city in Myanmar also known as Pagan Pagan (album), the 6th album by Celtic metal band Cruachan Pagan Island, of the Northern Mariana Islands Pagan Lorn, a metal band from Luxembourg, Europe (1994-1998) Pagans Mind, is...
Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
The term Orthodox Christian refers to two Christian traditions: Oriental Orthodoxy, which separated from the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church in the 5th century; Eastern Orthodoxy, which the Roman Catholic church separated from in 1054 was the church that was started by the apostles. ...
The term Great Schism refers to either of two splits in the history of Christianity: Most commonly, it refers to the great East-West Schism, the event that separated Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Roman Catholicism in the eleventh century (1054). ...
Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...
The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ...
First page of the 1804 original edition The original Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des français, or civil code of the French), was the French civil code, established at the behest of Napoléon I. It entered into force on March 21, 1804. ...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...
In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ...
Countries behind Iron Curtain are shaded red. ...
In January 2003 the term Old Europe surfaced after the U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld used it to refer to European countries that did not support the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ...
New Europe is a rhetorical term used by conservative political analysts in the United States to describe European post-Communist countries. ...
Combatants Republic of Iraq (Saddam Hussein regime), Baath Loyalists, Iraqi insurgency Al Qaeda United States, United Kingdom, Multinational force in Iraq, New Iraqi Army, Kurdish forces Commanders Saddam Hussein Abu Musab al-Zarqawi†Moqtada al-Sadr Abu Ayyub al-Masri Mujahideen Shura Council Tommy Franks George Casey Strength 375...
Linguistic-cultural Regions in Europe This can often be a controversial division, as often in Europe areas have more than one language, such as the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland, or linguistic and cultural ties are not analogous, such as in Scotland in the UK, or where there are competing theories as to cultural and linguistic ties, such as Hungary's relationship to Finland, Turkey, Central Asia and Central Europe: The Canton of Fribourg is a canton of Switzerland. ...
Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia (Russian: СреднÑÑ ÐзиÑ/Srednyaya Azia for Middle Asia or Ð¦ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐзиÑ/Tsentralnaya Azia for Central Asia; in Turkic languages Orta Asya; in Persian آسياى مرکزی; (Urdu: وسطى ايشيا)Wasti Asia; Standard Mandarin Chinese...
Regions of Europe Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...
Germanic Europe Germanic Europe is where the Germanic languages are predominantly spoken. This area corresponds more or less to north-western Europe and some parts of central Europe. This region consist of: United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, German-speaking Switzerland, Alto-Adige and the Flemish part of Belgium. Germanic Europe Green: Countries where a Germanic language is the national language Blue: Countries where a Germanic language is an official language Germanic Europe is the part of Europe in which Germanic languages are predominant. ...
Latin Europe Latin Europe, where the Romance languages are spoken. This area corresponds more or less to south-western Europe, with the exception of Romania and Moldova which are situated in Eastern Europe. This area consists of Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Romania, Moldova, French-speaking Belgium, and French and Italian speaking Switzerland. Latin Europe Blue: Countries where a Romance language is the national language Green: Countries where a Romance language is an official language Latin Europe (Italian/Portuguese/Spanish: Europa latina; Romanian: Europa latină; French: Europe latine) is composed of those nations and areas in Europe that speak a Romance language and...
Slavic Europe Slavic Europe, where the Slavic languages are spoken. This area corresponds more or less to Eastern Europe. This area consists of: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language Slavic Europe is a region of Europe where Slavic languages are spoken. ...
Celtic Europe -
Celtic Europe, where Celtic languages are spoken, or where they were recently spoken and the population has kept its Celtic heritage for non-linguistic reasons. The Celtic nations are: Scotland, Wales, Cornwall (within the United Kingdom), the Isle of Man (a British Crown dependency), Ireland, and Brittany (within France). These are all nations where a Celtic language is spoken, or was spoken into modern times, and there is a degree of shared culture (see Pan Celticism). Celtic Europe is a region of Europe where Celtic languages are spoken or where Celtic culture predominates. ...
Celtic Europe is a region of Europe where Celtic languages are spoken or where Celtic culture predominates. ...
The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ...
The Six Nations considered the heartland of the modern Celts Celtic Nations refers to areas of Europe that are supposed to have been inhabited by members of Celtic cultures, specifically speakers of Celtic languages. ...
Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...
National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Waless location relative to most of the British Isles (other parts of the UK shown on the map are in pink). ...
Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England. ...
Crown dependencies are possessions of the British Crown, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United Kingdom. ...
Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical kingdom, duchy and French province, as well as one of the Celtic Nations . ...
The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ...
Pan-Celticism is the name given to a variety of movements that espouse greater contact between the various Celtic countries. ...
Outside of this classification Outside of these four main groups we can find :
Greece & Cyprus: The only countries of "Hellenic Europe". They are sometimes associated with the Latin countries, due to the geographical and cultural ties to the Mediterranean Sea, and sometimes to the Slavic-Orthodox part of Europe due to the importance of the Orthodox Church in both. Motto: (Transliteration: ) (Translation: Freedom or Death) Anthem: (Hymn to Freedom) Capital Athens Largest city Athens Official language(s) Greek Government Republic - President Karolos Papoulias - Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis Independence From Ottoman Empire - Declared 25 March 1821 - Recognized 1829 Accession to EU January 1, 1981 Area - Total 131,945 km² (70th...
Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ...
Several Christian Churches or church bodies are commonly referred to as Orthodox. Most of them are identifiable as part of Eastern Christianity. ...
Hungary, whose language is distantly related to Finnish and Estonian. Due to its geographical location Hungary is more often related to other central or Eastern European countries.
Finland and Estonia, whose languages are closely related and more distantly related to Hungarian. Despite this connection, Finland is often referred to simply as a country of Nordic Europe. However, because of its language and culture, it is not a Scandinavian country.
Latvia and Lithuania, two linguistically Baltic countries (as opposed to the political concept which also includes Estonia). The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. ...
Malta, which has close linguistic ties to the Arabic world, yet close cultural ties to Italy and Catholic Europe. The Arab world The Arab world comprises 22 countries stretching from Morocco in the west to Oman in the east. ...
Turkey, which speaks an Altaic language that is not related to other European languages. It has been suggested that Altaic hypothesis be merged into this article or section. ...
The Basque Country, where the Basque language has continued while Indo-European languages have displaced other languages in Europe over the past 5000 years. Location of Basque Country The Ikurriña, Basque Country flag This article is about the traditional overall Basque domain. ...
Basque (in Basque: Euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain and the adjoining region of South-Western France. ...
The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. ...
Peninsulas - The Balkan peninsula is located in southeast Europe and contains the following countries:
- Greece, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (some parts), Albania, Bulgaria, Romania (some parts) Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Turkey (European part)
- Located in southwestern Europe this peninsula contains Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra
- Located in the south of Europe, the Italian peninsula contains the states of Italy, San Marino and the Vatican City
- Including Sweden, Norway.
The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ...
Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian 1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence From Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 km² (149th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ...
Motto: none Anthem: Bože Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic - President Boris Tadić - Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica Formation and independence - Formation of Serbia 814 - Formation of the Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence from the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878 - Serbia and Montenegro union...
Motto: None Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Capital Podgorica Largest city Podgorica Official language(s) Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect1 Government Republic - President Filip Vujanović - Prime Minister Milo Äukanović Independence From Serbia and Montenegro - Declared June 3, 2006 - Recognised June 8, 2006 Area - Total 14,026 km² (160th) 5,414...
The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ...
The Italian peninsula or the Apennine peninsula is one of the greatest peninsulas of Europe, spanning 1000 km from the Alps in the north, to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. ...
The Italian peninsula or the Apennine peninsula is one of the greatest peninsulas of Europe, spanning 1000 km from the Alps in the north, to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. ...
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...
Other groupings - Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia
- Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg
- The United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
- Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland
- The states which have the Alps as a prominent part of their geography.
- Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Slovenia
- The states that lie along the River Danube.
- Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine.
- A central European group representing an historical alliance.
- Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary
- Mediterranean nations are those nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Excluding African countries these are the following:
- Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and Malta
- Describing the concentration of the wealth/economic productivity of Europe in a banana-shaped band running from London, through Benelux, eastern France, western Germany to northern Italy.
Baltic states and the Baltic Sea The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a term which nowadays refers to three countries in Northern Europe: Estonia Latvia Lithuania Prior to World War II, Finland was sometimes considered, particularly by the Soviet Union, a fourth Baltic state. ...
Satellite image of the Benelux countries Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Benelux Benelux (or Bénélux) is an economic union in Western Europe comprising three neighbouring monarchies, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. ...
The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries (see Country) on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse (Maas) rivers. ...
Location of the Anglo-Celtic Isles. ...
Overview map of the region. ...
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...
This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...
Map showing the parts Karelia is traditionally divided into. ...
The Baltic Shield (or Fennoscandian Shield) is a segment of the Earths crust belonging to the East European Craton, representing a large part of Scandinavia, northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea. ...
The Alpine countries, sometimes called Alpine nations or Alpine states, are a group of nations taken to be part of either Central Europe along with the Visegrád group or Western Europe. ...
The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...
The Danube bend at Visegrád is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ...
Motto: none Anthem: Bože Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic - President Boris Tadić - Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica Formation and independence - Formation of Serbia 814 - Formation of the Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence from the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878 - Serbia and Montenegro union...
Political map in 2004 The Visegrád group (also called the Visegrád 4 or V4) is an alliance of four Central European states: Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Historically, the Visegrád group originated in 1335, when the Czech, the Polish and the Hungarian king held a meeting in...
The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...
Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ...
Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ...
Species Hybrid origin; see text A banana is a herb, in the genus Musa, which because of its size and structure, is often mistaken for a tree. ...
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