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Encyclopedia > Regulatory sequence

A regulatory sequence (also called regulatory region or ~ element) is a promoter, enhancer or other segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially. They control gene expression and thus protein expression. A promoter is a DNA sequence that contains the information, in the form of DNA sequences, that permits the proper activation or repression of the gene which it controls, i. ... In genetics, an enhancer is a short region of DNA that can be bound with proteins (namely, the trans-acting factors, much like a set of transcription factors) to enhance transcription levels of genes (hence the name) in a gene-cluster. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living organisms. ... DNA-binding proteins are a broad class of protein molecules that possess certain structural motifs (i. ... In molecular biology, a transcription factor is a protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region or site, where it regulates transcription. ... Gene modulation redirects here. ... Gene expression, or simply expression, is the process by which a genes DNA sequence is converted into the structures and functions of a cell. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...


Regulatory sequences or elements can also be found in messenger RNA, but they are generally not as well studied as those in DNA. They may be bound by RNA-binding proteins or RNAs (eg miRNAs) The life cycle of an mRNA in a eukaryotic cell. ... RNA-binding proteins are typically cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins that associate with (bind) and facilitate the translation of RNAs. ... In genetics, a miRNA (micro-RNA) is a form of single-stranded RNA which is typically 20-25 nucleotides long, and is thought to regulate the expression of other genes. ...


Examples

In molecular biology, a CAAT box is a distinct pattern of nucleotides that occur upstream by 75-80 bases to the initial transcription site. ... The CCAAT box is a promoter element in some genes located about 75-80 base pairs upstream of the start site for transcription. ... An operator is a segment of DNA that regulates the activity of the structural genes of an operon it is linked to, by interacting with a specific repressor or activator. ... The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is the sequence TATAAT of six nucleotides (thymine-adenine-thymine-etc. ... A TATA box (also called Hogness box) is a DNA sequence (cis-element) found in the promoter region of most genes (it is considered to be a promoter sequence). ... In biology, the SECIS element (SECIS: selenocysteine insertion sequence) is a structural motif (pattern of nucleotides) that directs the cell to translate UGA codons as selenocysteines. ... Polyadenylation is the covalent linkage of a polyadenylyl moiety to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. ...

See also

Gene modulation redirects here. ... Regulation has to be specific to particular genes. ... A gene regulatory network (also called a GRN or genetic regulatory network) is a collection of DNA segments in a cell which interact with each other (indirectly through their RNA and protein expression products) and with other substances in the cell, thereby governing the rates at which genes in the... An operon is a group of key nucleotide sequences including an operator, a common promoter, and one or more structural genes that are controlled as a unit to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). ... A promoter is a DNA sequence that contains the information, in the form of DNA sequences, that permits the proper activation or repression of the gene which it controls, i. ... A Trans-acting factor is a molecule, generally a protein, whose task is to regulate another molecule, usually by binding to a cis-acting element. ... The Open Regulatory Annotation Database database contains information about regulatory regions, transcription factor binding sites, regulatory variants and haplotypes. ...

External links

  • ORegAnno - Open Regulatory Annotation Database

  Results from FactBites:
 
Gene Regulatory Networks (1067 words)
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are the on-off switches and rheostats of a cell operating at the gene level.
This was shown by microarray gene chip analyses in yeast cells, and each gene was found to possess a similar cis-regulatory DNA sequence that mediates binding of a particular transcription factor.
A major gene regulatory network in the bacterium Caulobacter is now beginning to be mapped in a comprehensive manner based on genome-wide expression analyses coupled with genetic methods [M. Laub et al., Science 290, 2144­48 (2000)].
Research projects (8557 words)
The sequences are being assembled currently and the result is expected to average sequence scaffolds of 20-30,000 bp.
Previously we had identified two sequence fragments that recapitulate the temporal and spatial extent of this pattern: a 4 kb region just 5-prime of and including the transcription start site and a region about 1800 bp that occupies most of the intron between the 6th and 7th exons of this transcription unit.
Expression of this regulatory element is enhanced by fusing it with either of two genomic regions downstream of the coding region.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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