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Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was an SS-Obergruppenführer, chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, SD and Kripo Nazi police agencies) and Reichsprotektor (Reich Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. Adolf Hitler considered him a possible successor. When the Nazis moved the headquarters of Interpol to Berlin he was chosen as the President of the International crime fighting organization. Heydrich chaired the 1942 Wannsee conference, which finalized plans for the extermination of all European Jews in what is now referred to as the Holocaust. Heydrich was wounded in an assassination attempt in Prague on 27 May 1942 and died over a week later from complications arising from his injuries. Capital Prague Language(s) Czech, German Political structure Protectorate Reichsprotektor - 1939-1941 Konstantin von Neurath - 1941-1942 Reinhard Heydrich (acting) - 1942-1943 Kurt Daluege (acting) - 1943-1945 Wilhelm Frick Staatspräsident - 1939-1945 Emil Hácha Historical era World War II - Occupation March 15, 1939 - Fall of Prague May 13...
is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...
is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Konstantin von Neurath Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (February 2, 1873 – August 14, 1956) was a German diplomat, Foreign Minister of Germany (1932-1938) and Reichsprotektor (nazi representative in the Czech puppet state) of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1943). ...
is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Kurt Daluege (September 15, 1897 – October 24, 1946) was an SS-Oberstgruppenführer und Generaloberst der Polizei, officer of the Central Reich Security Office (RSHA) and the governor of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia. ...
is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_German_Empire. ...
Map of Germany showing Halle Halle (also called Halle an der Saale in order to distinguish from Halle in North Rhine-Westphalia) is the largest town in the German Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. ...
is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Bohmen_und_Mahren. ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (in German: Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren, in Czech: Protektorát Čechy a Morava) was a German protectorate that arose in central parts of Bohemia and Moravia on March 15, 1939 when Germany invaded the western part of former Czechoslovakia, the former...
The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP, commonly, the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...
is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
SS redirects here. ...
SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski SS-Obergruppenführer patch SA-Obergruppenführer insignia Obergruppenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the SA. Translated as Senior Group Leader, the rank of SA-Obergruppenführer was held by...
Reinhard Heydrich - the first director of RSHA The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office), was a subordinate organization of the SS created by Heinrich Himmler on September 22, 1939, through the merger of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD, or Security Agency), the Gestapo (Secret State Police) and the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police). ...
The (contraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: “secret state policeâ€) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. ...
Sicherheitsdienst (SD) sleeve insignia. ...
The Kriminalpolizei was the professional detective service of Germany between 1936 and 1945. ...
National Socialism redirects here. ...
This article is about the German word Reich, and in particular to its historical and political implications. ...
The English word Protector, identical to its Latin root, means he who or that which protects, and specifically refers to : Protector was the second submarine built by pioneering American naval engineer Simon Lake In science fiction, Protector is the title of a novel by American writer Larry Niven, featuring Pak...
Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ...
Flag of Moravia Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava; German: ; Hungarian: ; Polish: ) is a historical region in the east of the Czech RepublicCzechia. ...
Hitler redirects here. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Wannsee Conference was a meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. ...
For other uses, see Holocaust (disambiguation) and Shoah (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Early life Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale to composer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Kranz; Heydrich held a life-long passion for the violin. His two forenames were patriotic musical references: "Reinhard" from an opera of his father's, in a portion called "Reinhard's Crime". His first middle name, 'Tristan' stems from Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. His third name probably derives from military hero Prince Eugene of Savoy, Eugen in German (the German cruiser Prinz Eugen was also named for Eugene of Savoy as was the 7th Division of the Waffen-SS). Halle (also called Halle an der Saale (literally Halle on the Saale, and in some historic references is not uncommonly called Saale after the river) in order to distinguish it from Halle in North Rhine-Westphalia) is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. ...
For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ...
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ...
Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ...
The German heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen fought as part of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was named after Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen in German). ...
Waffen-SS recruitment poster; Volunteer to the Waffen-SS The Waffen-SS was the armed wing of the Schutzstaffel. ...
As a young boy, Heydrich was teased for his high pitched voice and his devout Catholicism in a mostly Protestant town.
Although shy, Heydrich excelled physically and grew handsome and fit, excelling in fencing and swimming. Too young to have fought in World War I, he joined the quasi-military Freikorps after the war. Fencing advertisement for the 1900 Summer Olympic Games This article is about the sport, which is distinguished from stage fencing and academic fencing (mensur). ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
The designation of Freikorps (German for Free Corps, i. ...
In 1922, Heydrich joined the navy; however, he was dismissed in 1931 (Bullock 1962). The dismissal never has been satisfactorily explained.
Heydrich's own, bizarre version was that he had intercourse with, then refused to marry, a woman whose important industrialist father was a major naval contractor, and friend of Erich Raeder, the commander-in-chief of the German Navy. The woman revealed her difficulties to her father, who took the matter to Raeder. Admiral Raeder summoned Heydrich to his office where he and the aggrieved father demanded that Heydrich marry the girl, only to be told that he already was engaged to Lina von Osten, and considered himself bound by his "honour as a naval officer" to not dissolve the engagement. At this, the appalled Raeder is supposed to have summarily cashiered Heydrich. The tale is apparently false. Intensive post-war efforts by journalists failed to identify the woman, though Heydrich's version would have her as socially prominent. Raeder himself scoffed at that tale, while refusing to disclose his reasons for sacking Heydrich. Erich Raeder. ...
Another version was that the girl in question was upset at Heydrich's engagement to Lina von Osten because she was under the belief that he would marry her. She complained to her father who went to Raeder. During the court of inquiry summoned by Raeder, Heydrich's contemptuous answers did not help his case and though he was exonerated, the officers demanded that he be cashiered for "conduct unbecoming a naval officer".
This leaves the question as to why Heydrich would have concocted a tale which clearly discredited him, and why would Lina Heydrich and others also maintain that Heydrich was contemptuous of the Nazis before his dismissal from the navy, which others of his acquaintance at the time categorically deny. One theory was submitted by Edouard Calic, namely that Heydrich was discharged once it emerged that he had been spying on the navy in the service of the Nazis. While Heydrich's lifelong radical-rightism and fascination with espionage would make this feasible and would explain why SS chief Heinrich Himmler appointed him to head the SD immediately following his discharge, direct evidence is lacking. Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( ; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and the Nazi hierarchy. ...
Sicherheitsdienst (SD) sleeve insignia. ...
Family In December 1930 Heydrich met Lina Mathilde von Osten (14 June 1911 - 14 August 1985). She was the daughter of Jürgen von Osten, a minor German aristocrat. They were married on 26 December 1931 in Großenbrode. is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
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This article is about the year. ...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Großenbrode is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ...
The couple had four children:
As of 2007, Marte and Silke are still alive. is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Nazi Party and the SS In 1931, Himmler began to set up a counter-intelligence division of the SS. Acting on a friend's advice, he interviewed Heydrich, and, it is alleged, after a twenty minute test whereby Heydrich had to outline plans for the new division, Himmler hired him on the spot. In doing so Himmler also effectively recruited Heydrich into the Nazi Party. He would later receive a Totenkopfring from Himmler, for his service. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( ; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and the Nazi hierarchy. ...
Karl Wolff (2nd from the right) together with, from left to right: Heinrich Himmler (far l. ...
Haus Wachenfeld during its conversion into the Berghof The Berghof was Adolf Hitlers home in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Germany. ...
The Totenkopfring (English Deaths head ring), officially the SS-Ehrenring (Honour Ring), was an award of Heinrich Himmlers Schutzstaffel (SS). ...
At this time, he was relatively insignificant within the Nazi intelligence apparatus. He and his staff spent their time building up a card-file system on all people who were considered a threat to the Party, often including party officials themselves. Heydrich supported his family on a meager salary and worked in a tiny office.
American journalist John Gunther, during his trip to Germany in 1934, while collecting research materials for his book Inside Europe, showed considerable knowledge of Nazi intrigues and backgrounds when he said that Himmler actually had a relatively small tolerance for butchery compared to a man like Heydrich, who was far more cruel. At this time, Heydrich was regarded as an obscure medium-ranked officer in the SS bureaucracy. Journalism is a discipline of gathering, writing and reporting news, and broadly it includes the process of editing and presenting the news articles. ...
John Gunther (August 30, 1901 – May 29, 1970) was an American journalist and author whose success came primarily in the 1940s and 1950s with a series of popular sociopolitical works known as the Inside books. ...
Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ...
In July 1932, Heydrich became the head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), an intelligence organisation wholly committed to the defence of Nazism. He built it by recruiting agents from unusual sources, some of whom were not really committed Nazis, just people Heydrich found talented or useful, from whom reports could be compiled on various aspects of life in Nazi Germany. The organisation benefitted from close cooperation with the Gestapo, which Heydrich also gained control of in 1936, as part of a combined security police force. Later, the SD and the Gestapo were united under the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) under Heydrich. Sicherheitsdienst (SD) sleeve insignia. ...
The (contraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: “secret state policeâ€) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. ...
Reinhard Heydrich - the first director of RSHA The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office), was a subordinate organization of the SS created by Heinrich Himmler on September 22, 1939, through the merger of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD, or Security Agency), the Gestapo (Secret State Police) and the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police). ...
 Poster depicting Reinhard Heydrich. While Heydrich's abilities were never doubted by superiors and subbordinates alike, his constant sarcasm, occasionally boorish behaviour, extreme oversensitivity to being underestimated (in contrast to Himmler who preferred to be underestimated by would-be opponents) and aggressiveness won him few loyalists, while his propensity for rash actions such as the arrest of a Kreisleiter in 1935, or telling Göring and the council of ministers in 1940 that the security police would exercise limitless powers whether they granted them or not, was an ever present annoyance for Himmler, who had to clean up the messes. Himmler would occasionally lose his patience with Heydrich berating and abusing him, sometimes calling him "Genghis Khan", but generally found him indispensable, though exasperating. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Hermann Wilhelm Göring ( ) (also Goering in English) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was a German politician and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe. ...
This article is about the person. ...
Upon the establishment of the Third Reich, Heydrich helped Adolf Hitler gather information on many political opponents, keeping an impressive filing system listing individuals and organizations who opposed the party and the regime. He is believed to be the creator of the forged documents of Russian correspondence with the German High Command. While it is now known that the Stalinist Great Purge of the Soviet military officer corps was at most tangentially related to these forgeries, at the time it was widely believed to have resulted from Heydrich's actions, enormously adding to his prestige. He was also instrumental in establishing the false 'attack' by Poland on German national radio at Gleiwitz, intended to provide the Nazi justification for the beginning of World War II, though this failed miserably and only came to light post-war when allied investigators began researching the captured German documents, since the station selected was merely a relay station for Radio Breslau whose stronger signal drowned out the fake `Polish propaganda` emanating from Gleiwitz. Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...
Hitler redirects here. ...
Stalinism is a brand of political theory, and the political and economic system implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. ...
The Great Purge (Russian: , transliterated Bolshaya chistka) refers collectively to several related campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin during the 1930s, which removed all of his remaining opposition from power. ...
Gliwice Radio Tower. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Holocaust during the first years of World War II. He had initially gained some control over Jewish policy, when in November 1938, Göring assigned him as head of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration following the Kristallnacht. In this position, he worked tirelessly both to coordinate various initiatives for the Final Solution, and to assert SS dominance over Jewish policy. Most famously in this respect, on 20 January 1942, Heydrich chaired the Wannsee Conference, at which plans for the deportation of the Jews to extermination camps were discussed. Heydrich was one of the very few prominent Nazi leaders to actually serve in combat, as he flew 97 missions in a Messerschmitt Bf 110 twin engine fighter and won two Iron Crosses (first and second class) for his bravery. In fact, Heydrich was actually shot down over Russia but was rescued by German forces. “Shoah†redirects here. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
The Central Office for Jewish Emigration was established in Vienna in August 1938 and was headed by Adolf Eichmann of the Jewish Department of the SD. The purpose was to force as many Jews as possible to emigrate. ...
Kristallnacht, also known as Reichskristallnacht, Pogromnacht, Crystal Night and the Night of Broken Glass, was a pogrom[1] against Jews throughout Germany and parts of Austria on November 9–November 10, 1938. ...
In a February 26, 1942, letter to German diplomat Martin Luther, Reinhard Heydrich follows up on the Wannsee Conference by asking Luther for administrative assistance in the implementation of the Endlösung der Judenfrage (Final Solution of the Jewish Question). ...
is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Wannsee Conference was a meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. ...
Extermination camps were one type of facility that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become known as the Holocaust. ...
Image File history File links Reinhardt_Heydrich_speech_excerpt. ...
Assassination in Prague -
On 27 September 1941 Heydrich was appointed acting Reichsprotektor in the so called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (part of former Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich by an act of aggression on March 15, 1939). He replaced Konstantin von Neurath whom Hitler considered ineffective (but who remained titular protector until 20 August 1943). Reinhard Heydrich, the target of Operation Anthropoid. ...
Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...
Protector is historical title with multiple meanings; this article also includes a few litteral equivalents thus rendered // Political & Administrative Heads of State in Europe in Iceland: one Sovereign was styled Beskytter af hele e Island (Protector of Land of Iceland) 25 Jun - 22 Aug 1809 (an intermezzo between Danish Governors...
Capital Prague Language(s) Czech, German Political structure Protectorate Reichsprotektor - 1939-1941 Konstantin von Neurath - 1941-1942 Reinhard Heydrich (acting) - 1942-1943 Kurt Daluege (acting) - 1943-1945 Wilhelm Frick Staatspräsident - 1939-1945 Emil Hácha Historical era World War II - Occupation March 15, 1939 - Fall of Prague May 13...
Konstantin von Neurath Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (February 2, 1873 – August 14, 1956) was a German diplomat, Foreign Minister of Germany (1932-1938) and Reichsprotektor (nazi representative in the Czech puppet state) of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1943). ...
is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Neurath's role in the Protectorate was based on giving privileges to the nobility and people from higher society. This led to passive resentment among ordinary people, mainly workers. The Protectorate was a vital weapons and war material producer for the Third Reich at the time. During Neurath's service as a protector, productivity of the war industry substantially dropped. Heydrich came to Prague to restore production quotas.
As the governor of Bohemia and Moravia for Hitler, Heydrich became brutal. He punished many who did not produce up to the quotas demanded. Anyone associated with the resistance movement in any way was tortured and/or executed. Under Heydrich, Prague and the rest of the Czech lands became quite pacified because of the harshness of the Nazi rule. Because of his success in Prague, Hitler was considering making Heydrich the governor of Paris. When British intelligence heard this, they wanted to stop this at all costs. They would not let a man who butchered the Czechs and Jews of Prague to do the same to the French Resistance.[citation needed] The Croix de Lorraine, the symbol of the resistance chosen by de Gaulle French Resistance is the name used for resistance movements during World War II which fought the Nazi German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy regime. ...
While virtual military governor of Bohemia and Moravia, exercising real executive power above the President and Prime Minister of the so called Protectorate, Heydrich often drove alone in a car with an open roof — a show of confidence in the occupation forces and the effectiveness of his government (See Czech resistance to Nazi occupation). Czech resistance during the Second World War is a scarcely documented subject, by and large a result of little formal resistance and an effective German policy that deterred acts of resistance or annihilated organizations of resistance. ...
 The car Heydrich was assassinated in, in a war museum in Prague. Jan Kubiš and Jozef Gabčík were Czechoslovak soldiers who had fled the country earlier in 1941. After receiving training from the British they parachuted back into the region that December and on 27 May 1942 ambushed Heydrich while he rode in his open car in the Prague suburb of Kobylisy. As the car slowed to take a hairpin bend in the road, Gabčík drew a concealed British-made Sten sub-machine gun but it failed to fire, so Kubiš threw a bomb near the rear of the car which wounded Heydrich and Kubiš himself. The reason the Sten failed is open to speculation, although the type was prone to jamming and stoppages, due to the design of the single column 32-round magazine and poor quality control among some of the myriad small workshops producing Sten gun magazines. Most of these possessed no prewar experience in the manufacture of firearms parts. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 798 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1068 × 803 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 798 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1068 × 803 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
Maybe you are looking for the Slovak Ján Kubiš. Jan Kubiš (June 24, 1913 - June 18, 1942) was one of a team of Czechoslovak British-trained agents sent to assassinate SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich in 1942 as part of Operation Anthropoid. ...
Jozef GabÄÃk (1912 - 42) was a Czechoslovak involved in Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. ...
Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period). ...
is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
Kobylisy is a Prague Metro station on Line C. Category: ...
This article is about the submachine gun. ...
A submachine gun is a firearm which combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the ammunition of a pistol, and is between the two in weight and size. ...
Heydrich appeared not to be injured seriously. He gave chase and tried to return fire but his pistol was not loaded. However, after running some distance, he became weak from shock, and sent his driver Klein off on foot to chase the escaping Gabčík, but he, in the ensuing fire-fight was shot in the leg by Gabčík. Heydrich would be the only leading Nazi figure who would be assassinated by the Allies during the war. Despite Himmler sending his best doctors, Heydrich died in a Prague hospital at the age of 38. The autopsy stated Heydrich's death was the result of septicemia caused by bacteria and toxins from horsehair and upholstery fragments from the car seats and driven into his blood stream by the bomb fragments. Penicillin had already been discovered by this time and would have saved his life but, ironically, it could not be procured in time by the otherwise all-powerful Nazi regime. Sepsis (in Greek Σήψις) is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic infection leading to a systemic inflammatory response. ...
Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ...
For other uses, see Toxin (disambiguation). ...
Horsehair refers to hair taken from the mane or tail of horses. ...
Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. ...
“Car†and “Cars†redirect here. ...
A car seat usually refers to a small seat secured to the seat of an automobile equipped with safety harnesses to hold children in the event of a crash. ...
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are present in the blood and help carry oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). ...
The Nazi retaliation was brutal, a clear warning against any further armed resistance. About 13,000 people were arrested, deported, imprisoned or killed. On 10 June all males over the age of 16 in the village of Lidice, 22 km north-west of Prague, and another village, Ležáky, were murdered, the towns were burned and the ruins levelled. is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Lidice (Liditz in German) is a village in former Czechoslovakia (now in the Czech Republic) which was completely destroyed by the Germans during World War II. About 340 men, women, and children from the village were murdered by the Germans. ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
Lidice (Liditz in German) is a village in Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) which was completely eradicated by the Nazis during World War II. // History The village is first mentioned in writing in 1318. ...
There is a special memorial to both the assassins and the dead of Lidice and Lezaky in Jephson Gardens, Royal Leamington Spa, UK. This was the town where the Czech forces were stationed during the war, and where their training took place. The memorial fountain is in the form of a parachute, with water running over the centre fold. Planted around the fountain is the special white Lidice Rose, grown in commemoration of the dead. This memorial is believed to be the only place outside of Czechoslovakia where the special rose is grown. The fountain was designed and is maintained by Warwick district council. The Jephson Gardens are set of formal gardens and a grassed park in the town of Leamington Spa, UK. The gardens, once a place for the wealthy to take the air and be seen, are found in the centre of the town with the River Leam flowing to the south...
The Royal Pump Rooms and Baths Royal Leamington Spa, usually shortened to Leamington Spa or Leamington (pronounced Lemington) is a spa town in central Warwickshire, in England. ...
Warwick is a local government district of central Warwickshire in England. ...
An elaborate funeral was conducted for Heydrich in Prague and Berlin, with Hitler attending (and placing Heydrich's decorations on his funeral pillow, the highest grade of the German Order and the Blood Order Medal). Hitler himself perhaps best encapsulated Heydrich's general attitude in his acknowledgment that Heydrich was partly to blame for his own death through arrogance and a blasé attitude: For other uses, see Funeral (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the capital of Germany. ...
The German Order The German Order (German: Deutscher Orden) was the most important decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual for duties of the highest order to the state and party. This award was first made by Adolf Hitler posthumously to Reichsminister Fritz Todt at his funeral...
The Blood Order, or as it was officially known, the decoration (of the Munich putsch) of 9 November 1923, was one of the most prestigious decorations in the Nazi Party. ...
Since it is opportunity which makes not only the thief but also the assassin, such heroic gestures as driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or walking about the streets unguarded are just damned stupidity, which serves the Fatherland not one whit. That a man as irreplaceable as Heydrich should expose himself to unnecessary danger, I can only condemn as stupid and idiotic.[citation needed] Fatherland is the nation of ones fathers or forefathers. ...
Lina Heydrich later stated that she believed Heydrich had expected an early death, saying that she saw his frequent unnecessary risk-taking (such as his recklessness during his stint as a fighter pilot as an attempt to ensure that, should he die, his would be a dramatic death.[citation needed]
Heydrich was buried in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, which had the misfortune to be on the border between West and East Berlin. His plot was between those of two famous German war heroes, Oven[citation needed] and Scharnhorst.[1]. In 1945, however, his headstone and grave marker were removed by the Allies, who feared his tomb would become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. During the time when the Berlin Wall was standing, the grave was part of the so-called "death strip" between the two Berlins and inaccessible to the public. The Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery (German: Inavlids Cemetery) is one of the oldest cemeteries in Berlin. ...
Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (November 12, 1755 - June 28, 1813) was a general in Prussian service, Chief of the Prussian General Staff, noted for both his writings and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. ...
The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ...
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, November 20, 1961. ...
Heydrich's eventual replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA, and Karl Hermann Frank 27 - 28 May 1942 and Kurt Daluege 28 May 1942 - 14 October 1943 as the new acting Reichsprotektors. Ernst Kaltenbrunner (October 4, 1903 – October 16, 1946) was a senior Nazi official during World War II. He was the highest ranking SS leader to face trial. ...
Reinhard Heydrich - the first director of RSHA The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office), was a subordinate organization of the SS created by Heinrich Himmler on September 22, 1939, through the merger of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD, or Security Agency), the Gestapo (Secret State Police) and the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police). ...
Karl Hermann Frank (January 24, 1898 – May 22, 1946) was a prominent Sudeten-German Nazi official in Czechoslovakia prior to and during World War IIand SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS und Polizei. ...
is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Kurt Daluege (September 15, 1897 – October 24, 1946) was an SS-Oberstgruppenführer und Generaloberst der Polizei, officer of the Central Reich Security Office (RSHA) and the governor of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia. ...
is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Protector is historical title with multiple meanings; this article also includes a few litteral equivalents thus rendered // Political & Administrative Heads of State in Europe in Iceland: one Sovereign was styled Beskytter af hele e Island (Protector of Land of Iceland) 25 Jun - 22 Aug 1809 (an intermezzo between Danish Governors...
After Heydrich's death, his legacy lived on; the first three "trial" death camps were constructed and put into operation at Treblinka, Sobibór, and Belzec. The project was named Operation Reinhard in Heydrich's honor. Treblinka II was a Nazi extermination camp in German-occupied Poland during World War II. Extermination camps like the one at Treblinka were used in the Holocaust for the systematic genocide of people categorized as sub-humans by the Nazis. ...
Sobibór was a Nazi extermination camp that was part of Operation Reinhard. ...
Belzec was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for implementing Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust. ...
Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard, Einsatz Reinhard, Aktion Reinhardt or Einsatz Reinhardt in German) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the former General Government and rob their possessions. ...
Possible Jewish ancestry Since Heydrich's death, historical evidence has come to light that Heydrich had Jewish grandparents and that this fact was known to high Nazi leaders including Hitler and Himmler. Under the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 Jewishness was defined as any person with one Jewish grandparent. That would have classified Heydrich as "a person of mixed Jewish blood in the second degree", meaning he had one pure German and one half Jewish parent. As a "Mischling" (of mixed blood) Heydrich would, at the very least, have been subject to expulsion from the SS. Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were denaturalization laws passed in Nazi Germany. ...
Mischling is a term coined during the Third Reich era in Germany to denote persons deemed to have partial Jewish ancestry. ...
The most compelling evidence of Heydrich's Jewish ancestry is the testimony of Walter Schellenberg who stated, in the 1950s, that Heinrich Himmler had held a private meeting with Heydrich in 1935, after learning that one of Heydrich's relatives had held the surname of "Süss", a common Jewish name. According to Schellenberg, Heydrich admitted that one of his grandparents was Jewish and Himmler had reportedly informed Hitler. Hitler, however, stated Heydrich was a special case since "his Aryan blood far suppressed his Jewish heritage". Shortly thereafter, Gestapo personnel were dispatched to Halle, where Heydrich had been born, to erase certain records of Heydrich's past. Correctly: Walther Schellenberg, full name Walther Friedrich Schellenberg (January 16, 1910 - March 31, 1952) was a German Nazi and second-in-command of the Gestapo. ...
It was not long before other Nazis had heard insinuations that Heydrich might have had a Jewish relative in his background. Dr. Achim Gercke, the Nazi Party's leading genealogist, was commissioned by Gregor Strasser to look into Heydrich's background after a Nazi official, Rudolf Jordan, revealed Heydrich's suspected Jewish grandfather to Party Headquarters in 1932. Gercke claimed that research showed that not only was the Süss in question, a locksmith, not even a Jew, but that he wasn't even Heydrich's genetic grandfather, whose name was Reinhold Heydrich. Also of note is that the investigation was concluded in the summer of 1932, rather than 1935. Achim Gercke (August 3, 1902 - ?) was a Nazi politician. ...
Gregor Strasser Gregor Strasser (variant German spelling Straßer) (May 31, 1892, Geisenfeld, Germany - June 30, 1934, Berlin) was a politician of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP). ...
Rudolf Jordan (born 21 June 1902 in Großenlüder; died 27 October 1988 in Munich) was a Nazi Gauleiter in Halle-Merseburg and Magdeburg-Anhalt in the time of the Third Reich. ...
The accuracy of both Schellenberg's and Gercke's testimonies are today still debated among historians. Some works on Heydrich have thus far dispelled the story as a rumour.
Younger brother's anti-Nazism Heydrich's younger brother Heinz, though initially as fanatical a Nazi as his brother, gradually became disenchanted with Nazism and even became involved in obtaining false identification documents for Jews to save them from persecution. When his activities were uncovered by the Gestapo he was given the choice of committing suicide rather than face trial with the attendant hardships for his family (and embarrassment to the regime). He shot himself on November 19, 1944.[citation needed] is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The second marriage of Lina Heydrich Heydrich's wife Lina lived as a restaurant keeper on the island of Fehmarn. During a holiday trip to Finland, she fell in love with the Finnish theatre director and poet Mauno Manninen (1915-1969) who was not reputed to have been a Nazi; they got married in 1965. She passed away in 1985, claiming till the end that she had known nothing about the atrocities committed and ordered by her first husband.
Summary of SS career
Dates of rank The earliest official photographs of Heydrich wearing an SS uniform are from 1933 when he held the rank of SS-Oberführer. Some private photographs exist showing him as a SS-Standartenführer from 1932, but there are no known pictures of Heydrich wearing a junior SS rank from before this time. Mann, was a paramilitary rank used by several Nazi Party paramilitary organizations between 1925 and 1945. ...
is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Standard Sturmführer Collar Patch Sturmführer was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party which began as a title used by the Sturmabteilung in 1925 and became an actual SA rank in 1928. ...
is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Early Pattern SS-Sturmhauptführer Patch SA-Sturmhauptführer Patch Sturmhauptführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank used by both the Sturmabteilung and the SS. It was the equivalent of a Hauptmann in the German Army. ...
is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Sturmbannführer Collar Patch Sturmbannführer was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party which was used by both the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the Schutzstaffel (SS). ...
is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
SS-Standartenführer insignia Standartenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in both the SA and the SS. First created as a title in 1925, in 1928 the rank became one of the first commissioned Nazi ranks and was bestowed upon those SA and SS officers...
is the 210th day of the year (211th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
SS-Oberführer Collar Patch SA-Oberführer Collar Patch Oberführer was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party dating back to 1921. ...
is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Brigadeführer was an SS rank that was used in Nazi Germany between the years of 1932 and 1945. ...
is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
SS-Gruppenführer collar patch SA-Gruppenführer rank insignia Volkssturm Gruppenführer insignia Gruppenführer was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA. Translated as “Group Leaderâ€, a Gruppenführer was typically in charge of large numbers...
is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski SS-Obergruppenführer patch SA-Obergruppenführer insignia Obergruppenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the SA. Translated as Senior Group Leader, the rank of SA-Obergruppenführer was held by...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Flag of the Ordnungspolizei The Ordnungspolizei (OrPo) was the name for the regular German police force that existed in Nazi Germany between the years of 1936 and 1945. ...
is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...
SS-Oberführer Collar Patch SA-Oberführer Collar Patch Oberführer was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party dating back to 1921. ...
SS-Standartenführer insignia Standartenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in both the SA and the SS. First created as a title in 1925, in 1928 the rank became one of the first commissioned Nazi ranks and was bestowed upon those SA and SS officers...
Service history Sicherheitsdienst (SD) sleeve insignia. ...
The Sicherheitspolizei (security police) was a term used in Nazi Germany to described the combined forces of the Gestapo and Sicherheitsdienst (the SD) between 1934 and 1939. ...
Reinhard Heydrich - the first director of RSHA The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office), was a subordinate organization of the SS created by Heinrich Himmler on September 22, 1939, through the merger of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD, or Security Agency), the Gestapo (Secret State Police) and the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police). ...
Capital Prague Language(s) Czech, German Political structure Protectorate Reichsprotektor - 1939-1941 Konstantin von Neurath - 1941-1942 Reinhard Heydrich (acting) - 1942-1943 Kurt Daluege (acting) - 1943-1945 Wilhelm Frick Staatspräsident - 1939-1945 Emil Hácha Historical era World War II - Occupation March 15, 1939 - Fall of Prague May 13...
The Wannsee Conference was a meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. ...
Reinhard Heydrich, the target of Operation Anthropoid. ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
Look up partisan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Notable decorations The German Order The German Order (German: Deutscher Orden) was the most important decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual for duties of the highest order to the state and party. This award was first made by Adolf Hitler posthumously to Reichsminister Fritz Todt at his funeral...
The Blood Order, or as it was officially known, the decoration (of the Munich putsch) of 9 November 1923, was one of the most prestigious decorations in the Nazi Party. ...
NSDAP Golden Party Badge The Golden Party Badge was a special badge of the Nazi Party. ...
A stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Bundeswehr, Germanys Armed Forces. ...
An Aviator Badge is an insignia used in most of the world’s militaries to designate those who have received training and qualification in military aviation. ...
The Danzig Cross (German: Danziger Kreuz) was a Nazi decoration of the Free City of Danzig. ...
The Anschluss Medal was a decoration of Nazi Germany. ...
Sudetenland medal The Sudetenland Medal has a history dating back to just before World War II. In 1 October 1938, the German forces enter the Sudetenland and annexed the area to the Third Reich to commemorate this event on 18 Oct 1938 the Nazis issued a special medal to be...
The Memel Medal was a decoration of Nazi Germany. ...
Additional service as fighter pilot Reinhard Heydrich also served as Reserve Hauptmann, then Major in the Luftwaffe. Some sources claim that he served in the Invasion of Poland as a bomber gunner, but this is not confirmed. Then, despite his advanced age, he completed a fighter pilot course in 1940, probably due to his ambition. Heydrich wanted to set an example and show that the SS were not "asphalt" soldiers behind the front lines, but the elite of the Third Reich. In April 1940 he flew a Bf 110 in the Fighter Group II./JG 77 "Herz As"[2] in Norway. The planes flown by Heydrich had an ancient Germanic runic character S for Sieg -- "victory" painted on the side of the fuselage. On May 13, 1940 he crashed his plane during take-off and was injured. For a short time in May, he flew patrol flights over North Germany and the Netherlands. Then, after another accident, he returned to Berlin. In mid-June 1941, before the German attack on the USSR, he resumed flying, ignoring Himmler's orders. He flew his personal Bf 109E-7 again with Group II./JG 77 from Bălţi, Romania on the southern Eastern Front, which put the wing commander under pressure due to Heydrich's position and lack of experience. On July 22, 1941, his plane was badly damaged over Yampil by Soviet AA artillery. Heydrich managed to crash-land in no-man's land, and run back to the German lines. After this, he was forbidden to fly once more, as it was realized that Heydrich's capture as a POW would be a major security breach for Germany, and he never again returned to active flying. Hauptmann (German: ) is a German word usually translated as captain when it is used as an officers rank in the German Army. ...
Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ...
The Deutsche Luftwaffe or (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, pronounced lufft-va-fa, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ...
For the Soviet Unions military action against Poland under the same alliance, see Soviet invasion of Poland (1939). ...
The Messerschmitt Bf110 (later Me110) was a twin-engine heavy fighter in the service of the Luftwaffe during World War II. History Based around the concept of the long-range Zerstörer or Destroyer Fighter the Bf110 enjoyed some success in the Polish and French campaigns. ...
Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77) Herz As was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War 2. ...
is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Status Municipality Founded 1421 Area 73 km² Population (2004) 127,600 - density 1,748 inh/km² - rank 4th Localities (total): 3 - cities 1 - communes 2 Mayor Vasile Panciuc, since 2001 Council 35 members, since 2007 - Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova 21 - Christian-Democratic Peoples Party (Moldova...
Combatants Soviet Union,[1] Poland, Tannu Tuva (until 1944 incorporation with USSR), Mongolia Germany,[2] Italy (to 1943), Romania (to 1944), Finland (to 1944), Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Spain (to 1943, unofficial) Commanders Joseph Stalin, Aleksei Antonov, Ivan Konev, Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Kirill Meretskov, Ivan Petrov, Alexander Rodimtsev, Konstantin Rokossovsky...
is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...
Yampil (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. ...
Heydrich was really too old and too inexperienced to be a fighter pilot and he lacked the necessary free time for training flights. But despite his lack of experience, he was decorated with the Iron Cross Second (1940) and First (1941) Classes. The number of missions flown by Heydrich is not known, but he was awarded the Frontflugspange (Front Pilot Badge) in silver, which usually was awarded after 60 combat missions. According to Alan Wykes in Heydrich (War Leader book #22 as part of Ballantine's Illustrated History of the Violent Century 1973), Heydrich flew 97 missions in a Me-110 twin engine fighter. A stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Bundeswehr, Germanys Armed Forces. ...
Fiction The events |
