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Encyclopedia > Relational aggression
Abuse
Concepts

Violence · Coercion
Abuse of power · Persecution
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Abuser redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Coercion is the practice of compelling a person to act by employing threat of harm (usually physical force, sometimes other forms of harm). ... Political power (imperium in Latin) is a type of power held by a person or group in a society. ... Look up Persecution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Forms of abuse

Animal abuse
Brainwashing
Bullying
Child abuse
Child grooming
Child sexual abuse
... commercially
Coercive persuasion
Cyber-bullying
Cyberstalking
Dating violence
Domestic violence
Elder abuse
Fabricated or Induced Illness
Harassment
Hate mail
Hate speech
Humiliation
Intimidation
Medical torture
Mobbing
Parental alienation
Police brutality
Prisoner abuse
Prostitution of children
Psychological abuse
Psychological punishment
Rape
Relational aggression
Sexual abuse
Sexual harassment
... in education
Sexual slavery
Shunning
Slavery
Spousal abuse
Stalking
Torture
Trafficking in human beings
Trafficking of children
White slavery
White torture
Workplace bullying
The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Dorlands Medical Dictionary defines brainwashing (also known as thought reform or re-education) as any systematic effort aimed at instilling certain attitudes and beliefs in a person against his will, usually beliefs in conflict with his prior beliefs and knowledge. ... Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ... Child abuse is the physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment or neglect of children by parents, guardians, or others. ... This article is about the act of befriending and influencing a child with the intent of sexual abuse of the child. ... Child sexual abuse (CSA) is the sexual abuse of a minor or, according to the American Psychological Association[1] sexual activity between a minor and an older person in which the dominant position of the older person is used to coerce or exploit the younger. ... The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) has been defined as one of the worst forms of child labour by the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (Convention No 182) of the International Labour Organization (ILO). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Brainwashing. ... Cyber bullying (cyberbullying, cyber-bullying, online bullying) is the use of electronic information and communication devices such as e-mail, instant messaging, text messages, mobile phones, pagers and defamatory websites to bully or otherwise harass an individual or group through personal attacks or other means, and it may constitute a... Cyberstalking is the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk someone. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Elder abuse is a single or repeated act or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person. ... Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) is the formal name of a type of abuse in which a caregiver feigns or induces an illness in a person under their care, in order to attract attention, sympathy, or to fill other emotional needs. ... Harassment refers to a wide spectrum of offensive behavior. ... Hate mail (as electronic, postal, or otherwise) is a form of harassment, usually consisting of invective and potentially intimidating or threatening comments towards the recipient. ... Hate speech is a controversial term for speech intended to degrade, intimidate, or incite violence or prejudicial action against a person or group of people based on their race, gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, language ability, moral or political views, socioeconomic class, occupation or appearance... Humiliation is literally the act of being made humble, or reduced in standing or prestige. ... Intimidation is generally used in the meaning of criminal threatening. ... Medical torture describes the involvement and sometimes active participation of medical professionals in acts of torture, to either to judge what victims can endure, to apply treatments which will enhance torture, or as torturers in their own right. ... Mobbing refers to a group behavioural phenomenon and a type of animal behavior. ... Parental alienation is any behavior by a parent, a childs mother or father, whether conscious or unconscious, that could create alienation in the relationship between a child and the other parent. ... David Kirkwood on the ground after being struck by police batons Police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks, and threats by police officers and other law enforcement officers. ... Prisoner abuse is the mistreatment of persons while they are under arrest or incarcerated. ... Prostitution of children refers to the use of children as prostitutes. ... Psychological abuse refers to the humiliation or intimidation of another person, but is also used to refer to the long-term effects of emotional shock. ... A psychological punishment is a type of punishment that relies not or only in secondary order on the actual harm inflicted (such as corporal punishments or fines) but on psychological effects, mainly emotions, such as fear, shame and guilt. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sexual harassment is harassment or unwelcome attention of a sexual nature. ... Sexual slavery is a special case of slavery which includes various different practices: forced prostitution single-owner sexual slavery ritual slavery, sometimes associated with traditional religious practices slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes where sex is common or permissible In general, the nature of slavery means that the slave is... Shunning is the act of deliberately avoiding association with, and habitually keeping away from an individual or group. ... Slave redirects here. ... Spousal abuse is a wide spectrum of abuse types. ... For other uses, see Stalking (disambiguation). ... Torture is defined by the United Nations Convention Against Torture as any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he... Trafficking Of Human Beings is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people for the purpose of exploitation. ... Trafficking is a term to define the recruiting, harboring, obtaining, transportation of a person by use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjecting them to involuntary acts, such as acts related to commercial sexual exploitation (including prostitution) or involuntary labor. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... White torture is a term referring to torture that includes sensory deprivation and according to number of sources it is practiced on Iranian political prisoners in the Evin prison. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Related topics

Adult Protective Services
Animal rights
Anti-psychiatry
Capital punishment
Child Protective Services
Comfort women
Corporal punishment
Genital integrity
Honor killing
Human experimentation
Human rights
Holocaust
Incest
Informed consent
Massacre
Mind control
U.N. Declaration - Human Rights
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... Beginning in the 1960s, a movement called anti-psychiatry claimed that psychiatric patients are not ill but are individuals that do not share the same consensus reality as most people in society. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... Child Protective Services is the name of a governmental agency in many states in the United States that responds to child abuse and neglect. ... Comfort women ) or military comfort women ) is a euphemism for the up to 200,000 women who served in the Japanese armys brothels during World War II. Historians and researchers into the subject have stated that the majority were from Korea, China and other occupied territories and were recruited... Corporal punishment is forced pain intended to change a persons behaviour or to punish them. ... The symbol of the Genital integrity movement is the ribbon Genital Integrity. ... An honor killing is a murder, nearly exclusively of a woman, who has been perceived as having brought dishonor to her family. ... Human experimentation involves medical experiments performed on human beings. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... “Shoah” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Informed consent is a legal condition whereby a person can be said to have given consent based upon an appreciation and understanding of the facts and implications of an action. ... Photographs of the My Lai massacre provoked world outrage and made it an international scandal. ... Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ... Bold text Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ...

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Relational aggression is psychological (social/emotional) aggression between people in relationships. Relational aggression is a form of aggression where the group is used as a weapon to assault others and others' relationships. It uses lies, secrets, betrayals and other dishonest tactics to destroy or damage the relationships and social standing of others in the group. Also known as covert bullying[1], social aggression [2], "female bullying"[3], family bullying or serial bullying[4], it is a covert form of aggression, used by both men and women in relationships. It is less well-known than physical forms of aggression and therefore much more difficult to detect. In psychology and other social and behavioral sciences, aggression refers to behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. ... Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ... Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ... Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ... Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ...


Although modern understanding of relational aggression arose from the study of cliques of girls in school, and despite the fact that the term "female bullying" is often used synonymously with "relational aggression", relational aggression is seen at times in women and men of all ages in spousal, familial, sexual, social, community, political, and religious settings. [5] Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ...


Research seems to indicate differences in the types of relational aggression typical to children of different ages. Younger children are more likely to use direct forms of relational aggression, e.g., "You can't come to my birthday party." In contrast, older children are more likely to use more covert methods of harm, e.g., by making up demeaning stories about the victim and passing them around at school or other environments where social standing is important to the victim.

Contents

Origin of the term

The term relational aggression was first coined in a 1995 study by Crick and Grotpeter. [6] Despite the novelty of the term, it has gained widespread usage, appearing in books, popular articles, academic papers, web sites and even in the title of research conferences. [7]


See also

To blame is to hold another person or group responsible for perceived faults, be those faults real, imagined, or merely invented for pejorative purposes. ... It has been suggested that the section Shame campaign from the article Smear campaign be merged into this article or section. ... Parental alienation is any behavior by a parent, a childs mother or father, whether conscious or unconscious, that could create alienation in the relationship between a child and the other parent. ... Shunning is the act of deliberately avoiding association with, and habitually keeping away from an individual or group. ...

Books

  • Simmons,Rachel Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls.
  • Underwood, Marian K, Social Aggression Among Girls

Academic articles

Casas, J.F., Weigel, S.M., Crick, N.R., Ostrov, J.M., Woods, K.E., Jansen Yeh, E.A., Huddleston-Casas, C.A. (2006). Early parenting and children’s relational and physical aggression in the preschool and home contexts. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 209-2227.


Crick, N.R. & Grotpeter, J.K (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.


Crick, N. R., Ostrov, J. F., & Kawabata, Y. (in press). Relational aggression and gender: An overview. Invited chapter to appear in D. J. Flannery, I. Waldman, & A. Vazsonyi (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression.


Crick, N. R., Ostrov, J. M., & Werner, N. E. (2006). A longitudinal study of relational aggression, physical aggression and children’s social-psychological adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 131-142.


Ostrov, J. M., Gentile, D. A., & Crick, N. R. (2006). Media Exposure, Aggression and Prosocial Behavior During Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study. Social Development, 15, 612-627.


External links

References

  1. ^ McGrath, Mary Jo: "School Bullying: Tools for Avoiding Harm and Liability", Corwin Press, p. 21.
  2. ^ Underwood, Marion K.: "Social Aggression among Girls", The Guilford Press, 2003.
  3. ^ Dellasega, Cheryl and Nixon, Charisse: "Girl Wars: 12 Strategies That Will End Female Bullying", Fireside Press.
  4. ^ Bullying in the Family, UK National Workplace Bullying Advice Line web page, as of 19 February 2007 from [1].
  5. ^ Ophelia Project FAQ, from [2], as of 19 February 2007
  6. ^ The Ophelia Project RA Information Site, [3].
  7. ^ e.g., the "2nd Research Conference on Relational Aggression" was held at University of Buffalo, SUNY, in 2006, as per [4], web site accessed 20 February 2007.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Relational aggression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (337 words)
Relational aggression is a term used to describe psychological (social/emotional) aggression between people in relationships.
Relational aggression is a form of aggression where the group is used as a weapon to assault others and others' relationships.
Since most research on relational aggression has been conducted by women on girls it is often called the 'female' form of aggression when, in fact, it is committed by both sexes.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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