An example of state-sponsored atheist anti-Judaism. The Soviet book "Judaism Without Embellishments" published by the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in 1963 shows typical antisemitic imagery and allegations: "It is in the teachings of Judaism, in the Old Testament, and in the Talmud, that the Israeli militarists find inspiration for their inhuman deeds, racist theories, and expansionist designs..."

Religious antisemitism, sometimes called anti-Judaism, is hostility to Judaism and to those who practise it. ^[1] Judaism Without Embellishments, (Ukrainian edition) by Trofim Kichko, published by the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1963: It is in the teachings of Judaism, in the Old Testament, and in the Talmud, that the Israeli militarists find inspiration for their inhuman deeds, racist theories, and expansionist designs. ... Judaism Without Embellishments, (Ukrainian edition) by Trofim Kichko, published by the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1963: It is in the teachings of Judaism, in the Old Testament, and in the Talmud, that the Israeli militarists find inspiration for their inhuman deeds, racist theories, and expansionist designs. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Socialist Republic/Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ...

Anti-Judaism and antisemitism

Some scholars distinguish anti-Judaism from antisemitism entirely. Historian Gavin Langmuir, for example, defines anti-Judaism as "a total or partial opposition to Judaism—and to Jews as adherents of it—by men who accept a competing system of beliefs and practices and consider certain genuine Judaic beliefs and practices as inferior." ^[2] Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ...

Langmuir argues that anti-Judaism is concerned with exaggerated accusations against Jews that may contain a kernel of truth, whereas antisemitism (which he says dates back in Europe to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries) is based on false suppositions. ^[3] Langmuir believes that labeling Jews as "Christ-killers" is an example of anti-Judaism, but that accusations of well-poisoning are antisemitism. ^[3] In his view, anti-Judaism and antisemitism have existed side by side from the twelfth century onwards and have strengthened each other ever since. ^[4] The Eternal Jew (German: Der ewige Jude): 1937 German poster advertising an antisemitic Nazi movie. ... Well-poisoning (the malicious manipulation of potable water resources to cause illness or death) is potentially the gravest of three accusations historically brought against Jewish people as a whole (the other two being host desecration and blood libel. ...

Origins of religious antisemitism

Father Edward H. Flannery in his The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism, traces the first clear examples of specific anti-Jewish sentiment to third century BCE Alexandria. He calls it "antisemitism," but leaves open whether it was prejudice against the Jews as a people or against Judaism alone. The Common Era (CE), sometimes known as the Current Era or as the Christian Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 on the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexandria Modern Alexandria. ...

Flannery writes that it was the Jews' refusal to accept Greek religious and social standards that marked them out. Hecataetus of Abdera, a Greek historian of the early third century BCE, wrote that Moses "in remembrance of the exile of his people, instituted for them a misanthropic and inhospitable way of life." Manetho, an Egyptian historian, wrote that the Jews were expelled Egyptian lepers who had been taught by Moses "not to adore the gods." The same themes appeared in the works of Chaeremon, Lysimachus, Poseidonius, Apollonius Molon, and in Apion and Tacitus. Agatharchides of Cnidus wrote about the "ridiculous practises" of the Jews and of the "absurdity of their Law," and how Ptolemy Lagus was able to invade Jerusalem in 320 BCE because its inhabitants were observing the Sabbath. ^[5] Manetho, also known as Manethon of Sebennytos, was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolematic era, circa 3rd century BC. Manetho recorded Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). ... Leprosy, also known as Hansens disease,[1] is an infectious disease caused by a DNA plasmid (transposon, or ultravirus, a small circle of DNA) carried in Hansens bacillus (the Mycobacterium leprae bacterium) which is thus the vector. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt Moses or Mosheh (Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה Standard Tiberian ; Arabic: موسى, ; Geez: ሙሴ Musse) was an early Biblical Hebrew religious leader, lawgiver, prophet, and historian. ... Chaeremon was an Athenian dramatist of the first half of the fourth century BCE. He is generally considered a tragic poet. ... Lysimachus (c. ... The bust of Posidonius as an older man depects his character as a Stoic philosopher. ... Apollonius Molon (sometimes called simply Molon), Greek rhetorician, who flourished about 70 BC. He was a native of Alabanda, a pupil of Menecles, and settled at Rhodes. ... Apion, 20s BC - c. ... Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... Agatharchides of Cnidus, was a Greek historian and geographer (flourished 2nd century BC); Strabo (14. ... Torah () is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or law. It is the central and most important document of Judaism revered by Jews through the ages. ... Panoramic view from Mt. ... This article concerns the Sabbath in Christianity. ...

Christian anti-Judaism

Christian anti-Judaism is a Christian theological position denigrating Jewish belief and practice. It emerged out of the schism between early Christian "Judaizers" —those who insisted that in order to be Christian one must first become Jewish and observe Jewish laws and religious practices such as circumcision, and "universalizers"—those who insisted that the nascent faith was open to everyone. Anti-Judaism was adopted by early Christian theologians to distinguish themselves from their Jewish kin. Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and gods. ... This article describes some ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity; for a consideration of the Jewish religion, refer to the article Judaism. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek σχίσμα, skhísma (from σχίζω, skhízō, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... Judaizers is a pejorative term used by Pauline Christianity, particularly after the third century, to describe Jewish Christian groups like the Ebionites and Nazarenes who believed that followers of Jesus needed to keep the Law of Moses. ... Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halakhot and Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish religious law, including biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and later talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions. ... This article is about male circumcision. ...

Religious antisemitism may be distinguished from antisemitism based upon racial or ethnic grounds. "The dividing line was the possibility of effective conversion . . . a Jew ceased to be a Jew upon baptism." However, with racial antisemitism, "Now the assimilated Jew was still a Jew, even after baptism ... . From the Enlightenment onward, it is no longer possible to draw clear lines of distinction between religious and racial forms of hostility towards Jews... Once Jews have been emancipated and secular thinking makes its appearance, without leaving behind the old Christian hostility towards Jews, the new term antisemitism becomes almost unavoidable, even before explicitly racist doctrines appear."^[6] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ... The Age of Enlightenment (from the German word Aufklärung, meaning Enlightenment) refers to either the eighteenth century in European and American philosophy, or the longer period including the seventeenth century and the Age of Reason. ...

History of Christian anti-Judaism

Antisemitism Antisemitism · AS resources History · Persecution of Jews New antisemitism Racial · Religious The Eternal Jew (German: Der ewige Jude): 1937 German poster advertising an antisemitic Nazi movie. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1518x1372, 1426 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Star of David Yellow badge Talk:List of Jewish American journalists User:RolandR Metadata This file contains additional... The Eternal Jew (German: Der ewige Jude): 1937 German poster advertising an antisemitic Nazi movie. ... This is a list of resources analyzing antisemitism in the alphabetical order of authors name. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Persecution of Jews includes various persecutions that the Jewish people and Judaism have experienced throughout Jewish history. ... New antisemitism is the concept of an international resurgence of attacks on Jewish symbols, as well as the acceptance of antisemitic beliefs and their expression in public discourse, coming from three political directions: the political left, far-right, and Islamism. ... Racial antisemitism is hatred of Jews as a racial group, rather than hatred of Judaism as a religion. ... General Antisemitism around the world Arabs and antisemitism Christianity and antisemitism Islam and antisemitism Japan and antisemitism Nation of Islam and antisemitism Stalinism and antisemitism Universities and antisemitism See also New antisemitism, Christianity and antisemitism, Islam and antisemitism, & Arabs and antisemitism. ... This article describes issues of antisemitism (hostility towards or discrimination against Jews) in the Arab world. ... It has been suggested that Christian opposition to anti-Semitism be merged into this article or section. ... This article covers: The prevalence of antisemitism amongst Muslims - and whether it is more or less common than amongst people of other religions. ... With only a small and relatively obscure Jewish population, Japan had no traditional antisemitism until Nazi ideology and propaganda influenced a small number of Japanese. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nation of Islam. ... // Even though Communism theoretically rejects every form of national discrimination, including antisemitism, and many Old Bolsheviks were ethnically Jewish, they sought to uproot Judaism and Zionism and established the Yevsektsiya to achieve this goal. ... Poster at SFSU resurrects the blood libel: Palestinian Children Meat, Made in Israel and slaughtered according to Jewish Rites under American license. ... Allegations Deicide · Blood libel Well poisoning · Host desecration Jewish lobby · Jewish Bolshevism On the Jews and their Lies The Protocols of the Elders of Zion Ritual murder · Usury · Dreyfus Affair Deicide is an English word meaning the killing of (a) god or the killing of a divine being. It is ultimately derived from dei-, the combining forms of the Latin noun deus (god), and the stem -cida, from the verb caedere (to cut down). Often the word is used to... Blood libels were the false accusations that Jews used human blood, especially the blood of Christian children, in religious rituals. ... Well-poisoning (the malicious manipulation of potable water resources to cause illness or death) is potentially the gravest of three accusations historically brought against Jewish people as a whole (the other two being host desecration and blood libel. ... Host desecration is a sacrilegious act committed against a consecrated host. ... Jewish lobby is a term referring to allegations that Jews exercise undue influence in a number of areas, including politics, government, the media, academia, popular culture, public policy, international relations, and international finance. ... The term Jewish Bolshevism or Judeo-Bolshevism became popular among anti-Bolshevik and antisemitic sources after 1917 October Revolution in Russia, alluding to the fact that a majority of the Bolshevik leaders immediately after the revolution were ethnic Jews by birth. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1992 Russian language imprint, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet image The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (Russian: ) is a fraudulent text published in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century that purports to describe a plan to achieve world domination by Jews. ... Ritual murder is murder performed in a ritualistic fashion. ... Of Usury, from Brants Stultifera Navis (the Ship of Fools); woodcut attributed to Albrecht Dürer Usury (//, from the Medieval Latin usuria, interest or excessive interest, from Latin usura interest) was defined originally as charging a fee for the use of money. ... The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal which divided France during the 1890s and early 1900s. ... Persecutions Expulsion · Ghetto · Holocaust Holocaust denial · Inquisition Judenhut · Judensau · Neo-Nazism Segregation · Yellow badge In the course of history, Jewish populations have been expelled or ostracised by various local authorities and have sought asylum from Anti-Semitism numerous times. ... A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ... The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. ... The Jewish poet Süßkind von Trimberg wearing a Judenhut (Codex Manesse, 14. ... Judensau (German for Jewish swine) is a derogatory and dehumanizing imagery of the Jews that appeared around the 13th century in Germany and some other European countries. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... The Pale of Settlement (Russian: Черта оседлости - cherta osedlosti) was a western border region of Imperial Russia in which permanent residence of Jews was allowed, extending from the pale or demarcation line, to near the border with eastern/central Europe. ... The yellow badge which Jews were forced to wear during the Nazi occupation of Europe: a black Star of David on a yellow field, with the word Jew written inside. ... Organizations fighting it Anti-Defamation League Community Security Trust EUMC · Stephen Roth Institute Wiener Library · SPLC · SWC This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A 2005 CST report into anti-Semitism in the UK The Community Security Trust (CST) is an organization established to ensure the safety and security of the Jewish community in Britain (UK). ... The European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) is an independent body (agency) of the European Union based in Vienna whose goal is to provide the EU with objective, reliable and comparable data at European level on the phenomena of racism and xenophobia in order to help them take... The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism is a resource for information, provides a forum for academic discussion, and fosters research on issues concerning antisemitic and racist theories and manifestations. ... The Wiener Library is the worlds oldest institution devoted to the study of the Holocaust, its causes and legacies. ... The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American non-profit legal organization, whose stated purpose is to combat racism and promote civil rights through research, education, and litigation. ... The Simon Wiesenthal Center The Simon Wiesenthal Center is an international Jewish organization that declares itself to be a human rights group dedicated to preserving the memory of the Holocaust by fostering tolerance and understanding through community involvement, educational outreach and social action. ... Categories Antisemitism · Jewish history WikiProjects WikiProject Jewish history v • d • e

The fact that the vast majority of first century Jews did not believe Jesus was the Messiah, nor the claims of his followers that he was God, led to the eventual parting of the ways between Christians and Jews. "To the question, Was Jesus God or man?, the Christians therefore answered: both. After 70 AD, their answer was unanimous and increasingly emphatic. This made a complete breach with Judaism inevitable."^[7] (1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century - other centuries) The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 99. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... In Judaism, the Messiah (מָשִׁיחַ Standard Hebrew Arabic: Al-Masih, المسيح), Tiberian Hebrew , Aramaic ) initially meant any person who was anointed by a prophet of God. ... Within Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity states that God is a single being who exists, simultaneously and eternally, as a perichoresis of three persons (hypostases, personae): Father, the Son (incarnate as Jesus of Nazareth), and the Holy Spirit, and thus is sometimes used by Christians as a name for...

The Jewish/Christian debate and dialogue moved from polemic to bitter verbal and written attacks one against the other. St. Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho the Jew^[8] was a polemical debate giving the Christian assertions for the Messiahship of Jesus especially by making use of Jewish Scripture (the Old Testament). In the Dialogue, Justin makes use of a fictional figure called Trypho on which to construct his apologetic arguments (a traditional rhetorical and literary device in the ancient world, finding its origins in Socratic philosophy). This Dialogue is one of the first apologetic works in the early Church to address Judaism. Justin Martyr (Justin the Martyr, also known as Justin of Caesarea) (100 – 165) was an early Christian apologist. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

St. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople (4th/5th century) is equally negative in his treatment of Judaism, though much more hyperbolic in expression.^[9] While St. Justin's Dialogue is a philosophical treatise, St. Chrysostom's eight homilies Against the Judaizers are a more informal and rhetorically forceful set of sermons preached in church. Delivered while Chrysostom was still a priest in Antioch, his homilies deliver a scathing critique of Jewish religious and civil life. The primary scholarly explanation for this was that he wished to warn Christians not to have any contact with Judaism because of the attraction that some Christians felt towards the synagogue, and his purpose was not primarily to attack the Jews, but rather to keep Christians away from the rival religion's festivals, apparently an ongoing pastoral problem in Antioch. Additionally, it was common during that period to make use of an exaggerated straw man argument in order to make one's point. John Chrysostom (349 - 407, Greek Ιωάννης ο Χρυσόστομος ) was a Christian bishop from the 4th and 5th centuries in Syria and Constantinople. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Look up hyperbole in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the Roman Catholic Church, a homily is usually given during Mass at the end of the Liturgy of the Word. ... Roman Catholic priests in clerical clothing. ... Antioch on the Orontes (Greek: Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη, Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου or Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη; Latin: Antiochia ad Orontem, also Antiochia dei Siri), the Great Antioch or Syrian Antioch was an ancient city located on the eastern side (left bank) of the Orontes River about 30 km from the sea and its port, Seleucia Pieria. ... A synagogue (Hebrew: בית כנסת ; beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: שול, shul; Ladino אסנוגה esnoga) is a Jewish place of religious worship. ... A straw man, or straw person, argument is a logical fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponents position. ...

Martin Luther has been accused of antisemitism, primarily in relation to his statements about Jews in his book On the Jews and their Lies, which describes the Jews in extremely harsh terms, excoriating them, and providing detailed recommendation for a pogrom against them and their permanent oppression and/or expulsion. According to Paul Johnson, it "may be termed the first work of modern anti-Semitism, and a giant step forward on the road to the Holocaust".^[10] In contrast, Roland Bainton, noted church historian and Luther biographer, wrote "One could wish that Luther had died before ever this tract was written. His position was entirely religious and in no respect racial"^[11]. See also Martin Luther and the Jews. Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centers. ... Paul Johnson (born Paul Bede Johnson on November 2, 1928 in Manchester, England) is a British Roman Catholic journalist, historian, speechwriter and author. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Roland H. Bainton (1894-1984) was born in England and came to the United States in 1902. ... Martin Luther has been accused of Anti-Semitism, primarily in relation to his work On the Jews and their Lies. ...

At several points in the history of Christianity, Chrysostom and Luther's writings have been used to justify anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism, whatever their original intentions may have been. Contemporary examples include the 1980 statement by Bailey Smith (then-president of the Southern Baptist Convention) that "God Almighty does not hear the prayer of a Jew," and Baptist minister and televangelist Jerry Falwell's assertion in his book, Listen, America!, that Jews "are spiritually blind and desperately in need of their Messiah and Savior." The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ... Jerry Lamon Falwell (born August 11, 1933 in Lynchburg, Virginia) is an evangelical pastor and televangelist from the United States. ...

Elsewhere in Christianity, efforts have been made to counteract the effects of anti-Judaism, especially as many Christian leaders seek to have an ecumenical rapport with their Jewish counterparts. The word ecumenical comes from a Greek word that means pertaining to the whole world. ...

Blood libel against Jews

Blood libels are accusations that Jews use human blood in religious rituals.^[12] Historically these are accusations that the blood of Christian children is especially coveted. In many cases, blood libels served as the basis for a blood libel cult, in which the alleged victim of human sacrifice was elevated to the status of martyr, and in some cases, canonized. Although the first known instance of blood libel is found in the writings of Apion, who claimed that the Jews sacrificed Greek victims in the Temple, no further incidents are recorded until the 12th century, when blood libels began to proliferate. These libels have persisted from then through the 20th century. Blood libels were the false accusations that Jews used human blood, especially the blood of Christian children, in religious rituals. ... Rituals was an American soap opera that ran in syndication from September 1984 to September 1985 in 260 25 minutes episodes. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Christianity. ... This article does not discuss cult in its original sense of religious practice; for that usage see Cult (religious practice). ... This article discusses the process of declaring saints. ... Apion, 20s BC - c. ...

Notes

Paul Johnson (born Paul Bede Johnson on November 2, 1928 in Manchester, England) is a British Roman Catholic journalist, historian, speechwriter and author. ... Prof. ... Brandeis University is a private university in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul Johnson (born Paul Bede Johnson on November 2, 1928 in Manchester, England) is a British Roman Catholic journalist, historian, speechwriter and author. ...

References

See also

• Christianity and antisemitism
• Christian opposition to antisemitism
• Schisms among the Jews
• Islam and antisemitism
• Amal Saad-Ghorayeb
• History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union
• Criticism of Judaism

It has been suggested that Christian opposition to anti-Semitism be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Christianity and anti-Semitism. ... Schisms among the Jews: // First Temple era Based on the historical narrative in the Bible and archeology, Levantine civilization at the time of Solomons Temple was prone to idol worship, astrology, worship of reigning kings, and paganism. ... This article covers: The prevalence of antisemitism amongst Muslims - and whether it is more or less common than amongst people of other religions. ... Amal Saad-Ghorayeb is a writer and assistant professor of political science at the Lebanese American University, known for her writings on the Israeli-Lebanese conflict and the Hezbullah. ... The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anti-Judaism

• Was St. John Chrysostom Anti-Semitic?
• Anti-Semitism or anti-Judaism?
• The Gospel of John and Christian Anti-Judaism