Rembrandt Peale
"the oldest living American artist"
Birth name	Rembrandt Peale
Born	February 22, 1778 Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Died	October 3, 1860 (aged 82) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nationality	American
Field	Artist
Training	Paris (1808), (1809 - 1810), Britain (1832)
Movement	Neoclassical
Works	Patriæ Pater, Rubens Peale with a Geranium, Court of Death
Patrons	Charles Willson Peale, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Rubens Peale, John Marshall, John C. Calhoun, Charles Mathews, Jean-Antoine Houdon, DeWitt Clinton, General Thomas Sumter
Influenced by	Charles Willson Peale, Jacques Louis-David
Influenced	Rosalba Peale, Raphaelle Peale

Rembrandt Peale (February 22, 1778–October 3, 1860) was a 19th century American artist that received critical acclaim for his portraits of presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Although modern art critics would consider Peale’s artwork as French neoclassical, its dark and stylized characteristics are similar to 15th and 16th century paintings. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2728x4248, 1511 KB) Permission PD (This summary was created using Commons SumItUp) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Rembrandt Peale ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other persons named John Marshall, see John Marshall (disambiguation). ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. ... Jean-Antoine Houdon (March 20, 1741 - July 15, 1828) was a French sculptor. ... DeWitt Clinton. ... General Thomas Sumter (August 14, 1734 - June 1, 1832) was a hero of the American Revolution and went on to become a longtime member of the Congress of the United States. ... Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827), self-portrait from 1822 Charles Willson Peale (April 15, 1741 – February 22, 1827) was an American painter, soldier and naturalist. ... Raphaelle Peale (1776 – 1825) is considered the first professional American painter of still-life. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ...

Biography

"Portrait of George Washington" (1795 - 1823)

Rembrandt Peale was born the third of six surviving children (eleven had died) to his mother, Rachel Brewer, and father, Charles Willson Peale in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on February 22, 1778. The father, Charles, also a notable artist, taught each child to paint scenery and portraiture, and Rembrandt was no exception. Charles tutored Rembrandt about the importance of having a strong mind from learning arts and sciences. At the age of eight, Rembrandt discovered drawing, and at thirteen, painted his first known self-portrait. Later on in his life, Rembrandt Peale "often showed this painting to young beginners, to encourage them to go from 'bad' to better..." like his steady progressions to become a successful portraitist^[1]. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (972x1184, 124 KB) Česky | Deutsch | English | Ελληνικά | Español | فارسی | Français | עברית | Indonesian | Italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | Português | Românǎ | Русский | Slovenščina | Српски | Sunda | 简体中文 | 正體中文 | Türkçe | Русский | Українська +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (972x1184, 124 KB) Česky | Deutsch | English | Ελληνικά | Español | فارسی | Français | עברית | Indonesian | Italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | Português | Românǎ | Русский | Slovenščina | Српски | Sunda | 简体中文 | 正體中文 | Türkçe | Русский | Українська +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827), self-portrait from 1822 Charles Willson Peale (April 15, 1741 – February 22, 1827) was an American painter, soldier and naturalist. ... Bucks County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Theatrical scenery is things that are used as setting for a theatrical production. ... Self-portrait by Vincent Van Gogh A portrait is a painting, photograph, or other artistic representation of a person. ...

In July of 1787, Charles Willson Peale introduced Rembrandt to George Washington, where the young aspirant artist watched his father paint the remarkable figure of the country. In 1795, at the age of 17, Rembrandt painted an aging Washington, though the painter had depicted the politician as far more aged than the original facial characteristics. It did, nevertheless attain praise and Rembrandt had begun his debut. Later on, Peale made over 70 detailed replicas of the same "father of our country", the first President of the United States. After the 1st president's death, the Patriæ Pater made its debut in 1824, where Peale received commendations for his portrait of the first president (Ward). Peale continued to paint other noted portraits, such as those of the third president Thomas Jefferson while he was in office (1805), and later on a portrait of Chief Justice John Marshall. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...

A year after his mother’s death and remarriage of his father, Rembrandt Peale left school of the arts, thereby applying his time to completing his first ever self-portrait at the age of 13. The canvas illustrates early mastery of a young aspiring artist, seeming very mature. The clothes, however give the notion that Peale over-exaggerated what a 13 year old would look like. This style demonstrates early forms of neoclassicism by the looks of Peale's angel-like hair, the way it waves and curls in such a fashion so as to depict an angel from a general Renaissance artist's works of art.^[2] Self Portrait is a 1970 double album by Bob Dylan. ...

At the age of 20, Rembrandt married 22-year-old Eleanor May Short (1776-1836) at St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Philadelphia.^[3] During their marriage, Rembrandt and Eleanor had nine children: Rosalba, Eleanor, Sarah Miriam, Michael Angelo, Emma Clara, St. ...

Travels

Rembrandt Peale, Self-portrait, 1828, Detroit Institute of Arts

Throughout his entire life, Rembrandt Peale had traveled across the Western Hemisphere in search for a better life as an artist. Noted for his "itinerant" nature, Rembrandt visited Europe several times to study art (Ward). His father helped pay his way to Paris, France in June to September of 1808, and October 1809 to November 1810. While in Paris, Jacques Louis-David's art had influenced him to paint in the Neoclassical genre. He painted the famous explorer Alexander von Humboldt and several other noted patrons such as Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and François André Michaux. After his successes in France, in 1810 Peale returned to Philadelphia to develop into a thriving painter. He had made endless efforts to establish his knowledge and mastery of art, in painting "The Roman Daughter" (1812). While the economy was suffering financially during the War of 1812, President Jefferson had promised to buy the 1795 portrait of Washington or Peale would travel to Europe for better success. However acknowledgeable of his portrait, Jefferson could not keep his promise, and encouraged Peale to go to Europe, as "we have genius among us but no unemployed wealth to reward it" as the economy continued to fall into debt^[4] Image File history File links Description: Title: en: Self-Portrait Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: x ( x cm) Country of origin: en: USA Current location (city): en: Detroit Current location (gallery): en: Detroit Institute of Arts Other notes: en: Source: cgfa. ... Image File history File links Description: Title: en: Self-Portrait Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: x ( x cm) Country of origin: en: USA Current location (city): en: Detroit Current location (gallery): en: Detroit Institute of Arts Other notes: en: Source: cgfa. ... Self Portrait is a 1970 double album by Bob Dylan. ... The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), originally named the Detroit Museum of Art, has one of the largest, most significant art collections in the United States. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... An 1859 portrait of Alexander von Humboldt by the artist Julius Schrader, showing Mount Chimborazo in the background. ... Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. ...

In 1828, an ambitious Peale raised funds and tried at earning money for his previous paintings, in order to travel to Rome, Italy. By the time he had enough money, he decided to take his 15-year-old son, Michael Angelo, a determined young artist who copied his father's paintings in admiration.^[5] Peale successfully displayed portraits of Horatio Greenough and Patriæ Pater in Florence Academy. Horatio Greenough (September 6, 1805 - December 18, 1852) was an American sculptor. ...

Peale's Baltimore Museum

Motivated by his father’s establishment of the American Museum of Philadelphia (1786) and having been unsuccessful in Philadelphia, Rembrandt Peale assumed his father’s role in another city. On August 15, 1814, Peale launched his first museum as soon as he arrived in the municipality of Baltimore, Maryland. Originally premeditated as an Arts and Sciences museum, Peale decided to display only works of art and manufactured products instead. This article is about the day of the year. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Baltimore redirects here. ...

The museum was elaborately illuminated by gas light, following the example of his brother Rubens in Philadelphia. This innovation made a great impression. Peale had acquired an important gas lighting patent, and with some associates founded the successful Gas Light Company of Baltimore. Having poor business sense, though, he did little to manage the company and was forced out after a few years, due to the War of 1812 and soon after, the disinterest of many townspeople. If Rembrandt Peale had not built and established the Peale Museum of Baltimore during the War of 1812, the museum would persist as a successful institution today.^[6][7] Gas lighting is the process of burning piped natural gas or coal gas for illumination. ... This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ... This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ...

Rembrandt Peale’s Studio: Works of Art and their Significance

Though he struggled to become successful, Peale painted the Patriæ Pater, one such masterpiece marking success during his 50-year career. A rectangle supporting an oval wreath surrounds the eye-catching image of George Washington. The most successful painting of Peale's career, it further inspired John Marshall to have his portrait done by Peale in the same fashion. The painting was criticized for the lack of authenticity, as it was not completed until after Washington's death (1799). Nonetheless, Peale received commendations for his portrait by many noted politicians such as Washington’s nephew, Judge Bushrod Washington, who was an associate U.S. Supreme Court Justice, and Marshall.^[8]. External link Biography from the OYEZ Project Categories: People stubs | 1762 births | 1829 deaths | U.S. Supreme Court justices ...

Rembrandt Peale, Rubens Peale with a Geranium, 1801

In 1801, Rembrandt painted a portrait of his brother Rubens, youngest of the 6 Peale children, who always had an admiration for gardening and tending to natural life. Inspired by his brother’s gardening appreciation, Rembrandt seated his younger brother next to a geranium. Viewers must understand the story behind this particular painting, as it carries more than the artist’s admiration for a sibling’s love of nature. The painting was the initial inspiration of the Dutch 17th century artist, David Teniers the Younger, who had painted the 5 senses series, all oil on copper. His painting, "Smell" is quite similar to Rembrandt Peale’s work of art, which depicts a man looking over at another individual admiring a flower pot. Rembrandt's piece captures the essence of a young gardener/artist’s peace of mind, gracefully looking out, a posture of wonder and calmness.^[9] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (882x1043, 706 KB) Description: Title: en: Rubens Peale with a Geranium Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: 28 1/4 x 24 (71. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (882x1043, 706 KB) Description: Title: en: Rubens Peale with a Geranium Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: 28 1/4 x 24 (71. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Not to be confused with germanium. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Teniers was the name of a family of Flemish artists who flourished at Antwerp and Brussels during the 17th century. ...

Rembrandt Peale, The Roman Daughter, 1811

A particular piece based on the neoclassical genre, “The Roman Daughter” deserves critical acclaim for Peale’s efforts to re-establish classical paintings in the early 19th century. The township of Philadelphia could not accept the neoclassical painting, as it demonstrated too “sensational” of a painting.^[10] They did not understand, however, that Peale was trying his endeavors to bring forth a new genre of style for the township and “improving the state of fine arts in America” in the 19th century.^[11] “The Roman Daughter” depicts a young girl shielding her father, a prisoner in chains. This piece demonstrates compassion and graceful defense, like Roman murals such as those by Italian painted and sculptor, Michelangelo Buonarrotti, who painted the world-renowned Sistine Chapel. His copy of Corraggio's Angel, and Court of Death revealed the same artistic style.^[12] For other uses, see Michelangelo (disambiguation). ... -1... This article is about the supernatural being. ...

A portrait identified

Peale had painted over 600 identified paintings, but one painting persisted as unnamed for many years. The comedian never identified himself as the person in the picture, but had an acquaintance with the British painter, George Clint, who claimed the picture as his own until the National Portrait Gallery of London examined it in 1914. Clint had a style quite similar to Peale, and a vendor of the National Portrait Gallery of London, Charles Huggins, confirmed it was Clint’s artwork. Later on, the gallery further examined the history behind the painting. Mathews had arrived in New York in 1822, and left shortly after Peale had welcomed the English comedian for portrait painting.^[13]

Legacy

Recognized by American presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson^[14], Chief Justice John Marshall^[15], and John C. Calhoun, Rembrandt Peale was one of the most prolific political painters of his era, having completed over 600 paintings. He died June 12, 1860 in Philadelphia, but his paintings live on through family collections and nationwide exhibitions displaying his famous works. Like his father, Charles Willson Peale, Rembrandt Peale was known as one of the most distinguished painters to live through debts and successes. For other persons named John Marshall, see John Marshall (disambiguation). ...

Exhibitions

Museums such as those in:

• Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art and National Portrait Gallery, The Smithsonian Institution
• Baltimore, Maryland: The Peale Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland Historical Society, Walters Art Museum
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Atwater Kent Museum, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
• Detroit, Michigan: Detroit Institute of Arts
• New York: Brooklyn Museum, The Peale Museum of New York
  

...represent some of Rembrandt Peale's many exhibits. For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... The Smithsonian American Art Museum is a museum in Washington, D.C. with an extensive collection of American art. ... At least three art galleries are named National Portrait Gallery: National Portrait Gallery, Australia National Portrait Gallery, London National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ... The Baltimore Museum of Art in Baltimore, Maryland, was founded in 1914. ... The Maryland Historical Society, founded in 1844, is the oldest cultural institution in the state of Maryland. ... The Walters Art Museum, located in Baltimore, Marylands Mount Vernon neighborhood, is a small privately-formed art collection open to the public. ... The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts is the oldest art school in the United States, founded in Philadelphia in 1805. ... The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), originally named the Detroit Museum of Art, has one of the largest, most significant art collections in the United States. ...

Other notable paintings (not shown as below)

• Charles Willson Peale, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1812
• Washington Before Yorktown, Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1824
• John C. Calhoun, Gibbes Museum of Art, 1834
• The Sisters, Eleanor and Rosalba Peale, A. Augustus Healy Fund, Brooklyn Museum, 1826
• General Thomas Sumter, Independence National Historical Park, Philadelphia, 1796
• Mrs. Marbury, Private Collection, 1797
• Sculpture, Atwater Kent Museum, Philadelphia, c. 1812
• DeWitt Clinton, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1823
• Mary Jane Peale, Elise Peale Patterson de Golpi-Toro, New York, 1835
• Eleanor May Short Peale, Private Collection, 1836

Historical library and archive founded in Philadelphia in 1824. ... Corcoran Gallery of Art, main entrance on 17th Street The Corcoran Gallery of Art is the largest privately supported cultural institution in Washington, DC. The museums main focus is American art. ... Established as the Carolina Art Association in 1858, the Gibbes Museum of Art opened its doors to the public in 1905. ... The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, is the second largest art museum in New York City, and one of the largest in the United States. ... Independence National Historic Park, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the historic area of downtown (or Center City) Philadelphia where Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, and the National Constitution Center are located, along with dozens of other historic buildings and educational centers. ...

Gallery

"Painting of Thomas Jefferson" (1805) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (870x1180, 188 KB) Rembrandt Peale: Painting of Thomas Jefferson (1805) Source: New York Historical Society File links The following pages link to this file: Rembrandt Peale Visual list of American artists ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...	"Portrait of Rubens Peale" (1807) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (704x895, 460 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Rembrandt Peale ...	"Boy from the Taylor Family" (1812) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (727x1111, 92 KB) Description: Title: en: Boy from the Taylor Family Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: 57. ...	"Washington Before Yorktown" (1823) Image File history File links Description: Title: en: Washington Before Yorktown Technique: en: Oil on canvas Dimensions: en: 139 x 121 Country of origin: en: USA Current location (city): en: Washington, DC Current location (gallery): en: Corcoran Gallery of Art Other notes: en: Source: www. ... The Battle of Yorktown can refer to: Battle of Yorktown (1781) Battle of Yorktown (1862) ...
"Michaelangelo and Emma Clara Peale" (1826) Image File history File links Description: Title: en: Michael Angelo and Emma Clara Peale Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: 30 x 25 (76. ...	"John C. Calhoun" (1834) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (846x980, 57 KB) Description: Title: en: John C. Calhoun Technique: en: Oil on Canvas Dimensions: en: 30. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. ...	"Girl at a Window (Rosalba Peale)" (1846) Image File history File links Description: Title: en: Girl at a Window (Rosalba Peale) Technique: en: Dimensions: en: x ( x cm) Country of origin: en: USA Current location (city): en: El Paso, TX Current location (gallery): en: El Paso Museum of Art Other notes: en: Source: cgfa. ...	"Pearl of Grief" (1849) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (854x1108, 427 KB) Description: Title: en: Pearl of Grief Technique: en: Oil on canvas Dimensions: en: 34. ...

Bibliography

• Hunter, Jr., Wilbur H. “Peale's Baltimore Museum.” College Art Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1. (Autumn, 1952), pp. 31-36
• Mahey, John A. “The Studio of Rembrandt Peale.” American Art Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2. (Autumn, 1969), pp. 20-40.
• Meschutt, David." “Rembrandt Peale's Portrait of Charles Mathews, British Comedian, Identified.” American Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3. (1989), pp. 74-79.
• Miller, Lillian B. Rembrandt Peale: A Life in the Arts: 1778-1860. The Historical Society of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1985
• Soltis, Carol Eaton. "Rembrandt Peale's ‘Rubens Peale with a Geranium’: A Possible Source in David Teniers the Younger". American Art Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1/2. (2002), pp. 4-19
• Ward, David C. “Celebration of Self: The Portraiture of Charles Willson Peale and Rembrandt Peale, 1822-27.” American Art, Vol. 7, No. 1. (Winter, 1993), pp. 8-27.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Rembrandt Peale

• Rembrandt Peale on Artcyclopedia.com
• Rembrandt Peale at Find A Grave