Remonstrants, the name given to those Dutch Protestants who, after the death of Arminius, maintained the views associated with his name, and in 1610 presented to the states of Holland and Friesland a remonstrance in five articles formulating their points of departure from stricter Calvinism. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Jacobus Arminius (aka Jacob Arminius, James Arminius, and his Dutch name Jacob Harmenszoon or Jakob Hermann) (1560-1609) was a Dutch Reformed theologian and (until 1603) professor in theology at the University of Leiden. ... Holland is the name of a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province Friesland in the Netherlands. ... Calvinism has been known at times for its simple, unadorned churches and lifestyles, as depicted in this painting by Emmanuel de Witte where the 17th century congregation stands to hear a sermon. ...

These were:

• that the divine decree of predestination is conditional, not absolute;

• that the Atonement is in intention universal;

• that man cannot of himself exercise a saving faith;

• that though the grace of God is a necessary condition of human effort it does not act irresistibly in man and

• that believers are able to resist sin but are not beyond the possibility of falling from grace.

Their adversaries (the Gomarists) met them with a counter-remonstrance, and so were known as the Counter-Remonstrants. Although the states-general issued an edict tolerating both parties and forbidding further dispute, the conflict continued, and the Remonstrants were assailed both by personal enemies and by the political weapons of Maurice of Orange, who executed and imprisoned their leaders for holding republican views. Maurice of Nassau (in Dutch Maurits van Nassau) (14 November 1567–23 April 1625), Prince of Orange (1618–1625), son of William the Silent and Princess Anna of Saxony, was born at the castle of Dillenburg. ...

In 1618–19 the Synod of Dort, the thirteen Arminian pastors headed by Simon Episcopius being shut out, established the victory of the Calvinist school, drew up ninety-three canonical rules, and confirmed the authority of the Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism. The judgment of the synod was enforced by the deposition and in some cases the banishment of Remonstrant ministers; but the government soon became convinced that their party was not dangerous to the state, and in 1630 they were formally allowed liberty to reside in all parts of Holland and build churches and schools. The Synod of Dort met in the city of Dordrecht in 1618-1619, as a national assembly of the Dutch Reformed Church, to which were invited representatives from the Reformed churches in eight foreign countries. ... Simon Episcopius (January 8, 1583 - April 4, 1643), the Latin form of the name of Simon Bischop, Dutch theologian, was born at Amsterdam. ...

In 1621 they had already received liberty to make a settlement in Schleswig, where they built the town of Friedrichstadt. This colony still exists. The doctrine of the Remonstrants was embodied in 1621 in a confessio written by Episcopius, their great theologian, while J Uytenbogaert gave them a catechism and regulated their churchly order. The Remonstrants adopted a simple synodical constitution; but their importance was henceforth more theological than ecclesiastical. Their seminary in Amsterdam has boasted of many distinguished names — Curcellaeus, Limborch, Wetstein, Le Clerc; and their liberal school of theology, which naturally grew more liberal and even rationalistic, reacted powerfully on the state church and on other Christian denominations. Events February 9 - Gregory XV is elected pope. ... Catechism Lesson, by Jules-Alexis Meunier, 1890 A catechism is a summary of Christian religious doctrine. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine or administration. ... Amsterdam Location Country The Netherlands Province North Holland Population 739,295 (1 January 2005) Coordinates 4°89E - 52°37N Website www. ... Philipp van Limborch (June 19, 1633 - April 30, 1712), Dutch Remonstrant theologian, was born at Amsterdam, where his father was a lawyer. ... Johann Jakob Wettstein (also Wetstein) (March 5, 1693 - March 23, 1754), was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It also refers to the study of other religious topics. ...

The Remonstrants first received official recognition in 1795. As a church, in 1911, they numbered 27 communities with about 12,500 members, in a flourishing condition and respected for their traditions of scholarship and liberal thought. Their chief congregation is in Rotterdam. 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

• Arminianism
• Calvinism
• Methodism
• Five points of Calvinism
• Predestination (Calvinism)

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. For the Armenian nationality, see Armenia or the Armenian language. ... Calvinism has been known at times for its simple, unadorned churches and lifestyles, as depicted in this painting by Emmanuel de Witte where the 17th century congregation stands to hear a sermon. ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Calvinist theology is often identified in the popular mind as the so-called five points of Calvinism, which are a summation of the judgments (or canons) rendered by the Synod of Dort and which were published in the Quinquarticular Controversy as a point-by-point response to the five points... The Calvinist doctrine of predestination, is the religious doctrine of double predestination, particular to Calvinism. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...