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Renaissance
Topics
Architecture Dance Literature Music Painting Philosophy Science Technology Warfare Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (966x720, 186 KB) The School of Athens - fresco by Raffaello Sanzio (w) From the web gallery of art wga. ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502, by Bramante. ... By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance -French Renaissance -German Renaissance -English Renaissance Renaissance dances belong to the broad group of historical dances. ... Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 to 1600. ... Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife by Jan van Eyck (1434). ... Renaissance philosophy is the period of the history of philosophy in Europe that falls roughly during the between the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment. ... Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man, an example of the blend of art and science during the Renaissance. ... Renaissance technology is the set of European artifacts and customs, spanning roughly the 14th through the 16th century. ... Gunpowder warfare is associated with the start of the widespread use of gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive. ...
Regions
England France Germany Italy Netherlands Northern Europe Poland Spain The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. ... The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. ...

Renaissance literature refers to European literature that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe during the seventeenth century. The impact of the Renaissance varied across the continent. Countries that were predominantly Catholic or Protestant experienced the Renaissance differently compared to areas where the Orthodox Church was the dominant culture and those areas of Europe under Islamic rule. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Eastern Christianity. ...

The creation of the printing press encouraged authors to write in the local vernacular rather than in the classical languages of Greek and Latin, widening the reading audience and promoting the spread of Renaissance ideas. The printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. ... Look up Vernacular in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A classical language, is a language with a literature that is classical—ie, it should be ancient, it should be an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own, not as an offshoot of another tradition, and it must have a large and extremely rich body of ancient literature. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

Some famous authors of the literary movement of the Renaissance are Dante (writer of Divine Comedy), Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Erasmus (who compiled the Textus Receptus), Sir Thomas More (writer of Utopia), Boccaccio, Machiavelli, Castiglione, Montaigne, Cervantes, Luís de Camões and Shakespeare. DANTE is also a digital audio network. ... Dante shown holding a copy of The Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory and the city of Florence, in Michelinos fresco. ... Pico della Mirandola. ... Desiderius Erasmus in 1523 Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (also Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam) (October 27, probably 1466 – July 12, 1536) was a Dutch humanist and theologian. ... Textus Receptus (Latin: received text) is the name given to the first Greek-language text of the New Testament to be printed on a printing press. ... Portrait of Sir Thomas More by Hans Holbein the Younger Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478–6 July 1535), posthumously known also as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, author, and politician. ... De Optimo Reipublicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia (translated On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia) or more simply Utopia is a 1516 book by Sir (Saint) Thomas More. ... Giovanni Boccaccio (June 16, 1313 – December 21, 1375) was an Italian author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist in his own right and author of a number of notable works including On Famous Women, the Decameron and his poetry in the vernacular. ... Detail of the portrait of Machiavelli, ca 1500, in the robes of a Florentine public official Niccolò Machiavelli (May 3, 1469—June 21, 1527) was an Italian political philosopher during the Renaissance. ... i love orange pekoe tea!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (February 28, 1533 - September 13, 1592) was an influential French Renaissance writer, generally considered to be the inventor of the personal essay. ... Cervantes can refer to: Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, 16th-century man of letters Cervantes, Ilocos Sur, a municipality in the Philippines Cervantes, a town in Western Australia Cervantes de Leon, a character in the Soul Calibur series of fighting games This is a... Monument to Luís de Camões, Lisbon Luís Vaz de Camões (pron. ... Shakespeare redirects here. ...

National literatures

Renaissance In Poland, Mikołaj Rej popularized the use of Polish language in poetry, and Jan Kochanowski perfected Polish poetic language and became recognized as the most eminent Slavic poet until the beginning of the 19th century. The general tone of Polish literature was set by the nobility, who propagated their own ideals of material and spiritual values. Thus poems extolled the virtue of manor life and importance of agriculture: for example Rej celebrated the life and occupation of the country's nobility, while Kochanowski wrote about the pleasures and beauty of country lives and nature. MikoÅ‚aj Rej MikoÅ‚aj Rej or MikoÅ‚aj Rey of NagÅ‚owice, Poland (4 February 1505 - between 8 September and 5 October 1569), was one of the best known Polish poets and writers of the Renaissance. ... Polish (jÄ™zyk polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. ... Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (1530 - August 22, 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet and writer. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. ... Generic plan of a mediaeval manor; open-field strip farming, some enclosures, triennial crop rotation, demesne and manse, common woodland, pasturage and meadow Manorialism or Seigneurialism is the organization of rural economy and society in medieval western and parts of central Europe, characterised by the vesting of legal and economic...

In Dutch literature classic names are: Vondel, Hooft, Cats and Huijgens. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Joost van den Vondel (1587-1679) was born in the Große Witschgasse in Cologne. ... Sculpture of P.C. Hooft in the castle Muiderslot Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (* March 16, 1581 - † May 21, 1647), was a Dutch historian, poet and playwright from the period known as the Dutch Golden Age. ... Portrait of Cats by Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt Jacob Cats (November 10, 1577, Brouwershaven (Zeeland) - September 12, 1660, the Hague) was a Dutch poet, humorist, jurist and politician. ... Constantijn Huygens (September 4, 1596 - March 28, 1687) was a Dutch poet and composer, Secretary to two Princes, and the father of Christiaan Huygens. ...

In Croatian literature Marko Marulić, Marin Držić, Hanibal Lucić, Dinko Zlatarić, Petar Zoranić. // (ca. ... Marko Marulić (Split, August 18, 1450 - Split, January 5, 1524), Croatian poet, apologist and Christian humanist is generally considered the father of vernacular Croatian literature. ... Marin Držić Marin Držić (1508-1567) is considered the finest Croatian Renaissance playwright and prose writer. ... Hanibal Lucić (ca. ... Dinko Zlatarić (1558 - 1609) was a Croatian poet and translator from Dubrovnik. ... Petar Zoranić (1508 - after 1569) was a Croatian writer from Zadar. ...

In Czech literature, Jan Amos Komenský. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Portrait of Comenius by Rembrandt John Amos Comenius (Czech: ; German: ; Polish: ; latinized: Iohannes Amos Comenius) (March 28, 1592 – November 15, 1670) was a Czech teacher, scientist, educator, and writer. ...

Hungarian literature flourished under the reign of King Matthias (1458–1490). Janus Pannonius, although writing in Latin, counts as one of the most important persons in Hungarian literature, being the only significant Hungarian Humanist poet of the period. The first printing house was also founded during Matthias' reign, by András Hess, in Buda. The first book printed in Hungary was the Chronica Hungarorum. But when most of Hungary fell under Ottoman occupation in 1526, various cultural changes occurred. The most important poets of the period were Bálint Balassi (1554–1594) and Miklós Zrínyi (1620–1664). Balassi's poetry shows Mediaeval influences, his poems can be divided into three sections:love poems, war poems and religious poems. Zrínyi's most significant work, the epic Szigeti veszedelem ("The Peril of Sziget",written in 1648/49) is written in a fashion similar to The Iliad, and recounts the heroic Battle of Szigetvár, where his great-grandfather died while defending the castle of Szigetvár. Ignác Acsády (1845–1904) Tamás Aczél (1921–1994) Endre Ady (1877–1919) Anonymus (2nd half of the XIII century) Zoltán Ambrus (1861–1932) Lajos Áprily (1897–1973) János Arany (1817–1882) László Arany (1844–1898) Mih... Matthias Corvinus as depicted in Chronica Hungarorum by Carl van Vechten Matthias Corvinus (Matthias the Just) (February 23, 1443 (?) – April 6, 1490) was King of Hungary, ruling between 1458 and 1490. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... Janus Pannonius (Latin: Janus Pannonius, Hungarian: János Csezmicei or Kesencei, Croatian: Ivan ÄŒesmički), was a Hungarian-Croatian humanist, poet (all in latin), diplomat and Bishop of Pécs. ... Ottoman redirects here. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... Balassi Bálint statue at the Kodály körönd Bálint Balassi, baron of KékkÅ‘ and Gyarmat, (20 October 1554, Zvolen (Hung. ... Nicholas Zrinski (1620-1664) Nikola Zrinski or Miklós Zrínyi (Croatian: Nikola Zrinski, Hungarian: Zrínyi Miklós; January 5, 1620–November 18, 1664) was a Croatian and Hungarian warrior, statesman and poet, member of the Zrinski noble family. ... The Iliad is, with The Odyssey, one of the two major Greek epic poems traditionally attributed to Homer, a blind Ionian poet. ... The Battle of Szigetvár (also Battle of Siget) was a siege of the small fort located in Szigetvár, Hungary between 6 August and 8 September 1566, fought between the defending forces of the Habsburg Monarchy under the leadership of the Hungarian Zrínyi Miklós croatian ban and...

In early 16th century Scotland, Gavin Douglas produced a Scots translation of the Aeneid. Chaucerian, classical and French literary language continued to influence Scots literature up until the Reformation. Writers such as Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, and David Lyndsay led a golden age of Scottish literature in the 15th and early 16th centuries. George Bannatyne collected many poems of the Middle Scots period. This article is about the country. ... Gavin Douglas (c. ... Scots refers to the Anglic varieties spoken in parts of Scotland. ... Aeneas flees burning Troy, Federico Barocci, 1598 Galleria Borghese, Rome The Aeneid (IPA English pronunciation: ; in Latin Aeneis, pronounced — the title is Greek in form: genitive case Aeneidos) is a Latin epic written by Virgil in the 1st century BC (between 29 and 19 BC) that tells the legendary story... Chaucer: Illustration from Cassells History of England, circa 1902 Chanticleer the rooster from an outdoor production of Chanticleer and the Fox at Ashby_de_la_Zouch castle Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Robert Henryson (or Robert Henderson) (c. ... William Dunbar (c. ... Sir David Lyndsay (c. ... Scottish literature is literature written in Scotland or by Scottish writers. ... George Bannatyne (1545-1608), collector of Scottish poems, was a native of Newtyle, Forfarshire. ...

The Decameron, the short story collection by the Italian author Boccaccio - with its frame tale of nobles fleeing the plague and telling each other stories - had an enormous impact on French writers. The French Renaissance is dominated by the short story (under various names: "conte", a tale; "nouvelle", a short story like the Italian novella; "devis" and "propos", a spoken discussion; "histoire", a story). Around Joachim Du Bellay, Pierre de Ronsard and Jean Antoine de Baïf there formed a group of radical young noble poets of the court (generally known today as La Pléiade). The character of their literary program was given in Du Bellay's manifesto, the "Defense and Illustration of the French Language" (1549) which maintained that French (like the Tuscan of Petrarch and Dante) was a worthy language for literary expression and which promulgated a programme of linguistic and literary production (including the imitation of Latin and Greek genres) and purification. The Decameron is a collection of novellas that was finished by Giovanni Boccaccio in 1353. ... French Renaissance literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French (Middle French) from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 to 1600, or roughly the period from the reign of Charles VIII of France to the ascension of Henri IV of France to the throne. ... This article is in need of attention. ... A novella is a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. ... Portrait : Joachim du Bellay Joachim du Bellay (c. ... Pierre de Ronsard Pierre de Ronsard, commonly referred to as Ronsard (September 11, 1524 – December, 1585), was a French poet and prince of poets (as his own generation in France called him). ... Jean Antoine de Baïf (1532 - 1589) was a French poet and member of the Pléiade. ... The Pléiade was a group of 16th-century French poets whose principal members were Pierre de Ronsard, Joachim du Bellay and Jean-Antoine de Baïf. ...

In Catalan literature, a Golden Age existed under Alfons V of Aragon in the 15th century. His encouragement of Renaissance ideas and the brilliance of his court, especially after his conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, laid the foundations for writers to flourish. Ausiàs March was one of the first Catalan and Valencian poets to use Valencian. He was an undisguised follower of Petrarch, carrying the imitation to such a point that he addressed his Cants d'amor to a lady whom he professesd to have seen first in church on Good Friday. The success of his innovation no doubt encouraged Boscán to introduce Italian metres into Castilian. His verses were transmitted in manuscript tradition until their first print edition in Catalan in 1543, but they had already become known through the Castilian translation published by Baltasar de Romani in 1539. Tirant lo Blanc, written by the Valencian knight Joanot Martorell, finished by Martí Joan De Galba and published in Valencia in 1490, is an epic romance and one of the key works in the evolution of the Western novel. Catalan-language writers Gabriel Alomar Vicent Andrés Estellés Pere Calders Salvador Espriu i Castelló Joan Fuster Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina J.V. Foix Maria de la Pau Janer Joan Maragall i Gorina Miquel Martí i Pol Jesús Moncada Jesús Montcada i Estruga Quim Monzó Teresa... Alfons V of Aragon (also Alfons I of Naples) (1396 – June 27, 1458), surnamed the Magnanimous, was the King of Aragon and Naples and count of Barcelona from 1416 to 1458. ... Ausiàs March (c. ... Good Friday is the Friday before Easter (Easter always falls on a Sunday). ... Juan Boscán Almogáver (1490? - 1542), Spanish poet, was born about the close of the 15th century. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia , and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... A page from the beginning of the 1491 edition. ... Look up Valencia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Joanot Martorell (1413–1468) was the Valencian author of the novel Tirant lo Blanch, which is written in Valencian (Catalan). ... Martí Joan de Galba (d. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... The epic is a broadly defined genre of narrative poetry, characterized by great length, multiple settings, large numbers of characters, or long span of time involved. ... As a literary genre, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic prose and verse narrative current in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. ... For this articles equivalent regarding the East, see Eastern culture. ... This article is about the literary concept. ...

Genres

The literary movement produced Latin and vernacular poetry, history, and prose fiction inspired by classical models. A humanistic curriculum dominated grammar schools and expanded its position into almost all of the universities of the time. Latin poetry was a major part of Latin literature during the height of the Latin language. ... Vernacular literature is literature written in the vernacular - the speech of the common people. ... See also the specific life stance known as Humanism For the Renaissance liberal arts movement, see Renaissance humanism Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin...

For the period, as with The Canterbury Tales and the Decameron, part of the attraction of the dialogued short story and the frame tale (with its fictional speakers discussing each other's stories) lies in their "performability" by someone reading out loud to a non-literate public and in their grab-bag and (frequently) digressive structure: these tales are capable of taking on all kinds of material, both sophisticated and vulgar. For other uses, see The Canterbury Tales (disambiguation). ... A frame story (also frame tale, frame narrative, etc) is a narrative technique whereby a main story is composed, at least in part, for the purpose of organizing a set of shorter stories, each of which is a story within a story. ...

New forms spread by the Renaissance included the sonnet. Francesco Petrarca, or Petrarch, one of the best-known early Italian sonnet writers. ...

See also

• Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age literature