Renato Dulbecco (born February 22, 1914) is an Italian-born virologist. February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

He was born in Catanzaro (Southern Italy) from a Calabrese mother and a Ligurian father. He graduated from high school at 16, then moved to the University of Turin. Despite a strong interest for mathematics and physics, he decided to study medicine. At only 22, he graduated in morbid anatomy and pathology under the supervision of professor Giuseppe Levi. During these years he met Salvador Luria and Rita Levi-Montalcini, whose friendship and encouragement would later bring him to the USA. In 1936 he was called up for military service as a medical officer, and later (1938) discharged. In 1940 Italy entered WWII and Dulbecco was recalled and sent to the front in France and Russia, where he was wounded. After hospitalization and the collapse of Fascism, he joined the resistance against the German occupation. Catanzaros coat of arms. ... The University of Turin (Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is the university of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Mathematics Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mathematics Look up Mathematics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mathematics Inter. ... Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. ... Medicine on the Web Medical Alarm & Use Medical Marijuana NLM (National Library of Medicine, contains resources for patients and healthcare professionals) Virtual Hospital (digital health sciences library by the University of Iowa) Online Medical Information- medical news, links and resources. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... Pathology (in ancient Greek pathos = feeling, pain, suffering and logos = discourse or treatise, i. ... Salvador Edward Luria (August 13, 1912 - February 6, 1991) was a naturalized American microbiologist whose pioneering work on phage helped open up molecular biology. ... Rita Levi-Montalcini (born April 22, 1909 in Turin) is an Italian-American neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of growth factors. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Resistance can mean one of: electrical resistance inner resistance antibiotic resistance resistance to a disease (see related subject immunology) a political or military resistance movement against foreign occupation, or more rarely, against ones own government geological resistance fluid resistance thermal resistance Resistance Records Air resistance This is a disambiguation... Occupation may refer to: the principal activity (job or calling) that earns money for a person (see profession, business) the periods of time following a nations territory invasion by controlling enemy troops (see belligerent occupation) any activity that occupies an important portion of a persons attention (see fan...

After the war he resumed his work at Levi's laboratory, but soon he moved, together with Levi-Montalcini, to the USA, where, in Bloomington, Indiana, he worked with Salvador Luria on bacteriophages. In the summer of 1949 he moved to Caltech, joining Max Delbrück's group. There he started his studies about animal oncoviruses. In the late 1950s he takes Howard Temin as a student, with whom, and David Baltimore, he will later share the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell". In 1962 he moved to the Salk Institute and then in 1972 to The Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London. In 1986 he is among the scientists who launch the Human Genome Project. In 1993 he moved back to Italy, where he is currently president of the Institute of Biomedical Technologies at C.N.R. (National Council of Research) in Milan. Biochemistry laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Bloomington is the name of some places in the United States of America: Bloomington, California Bloomington, Idaho Bloomington, Illinois Bloomington, Indiana Bloomington, Maryland Bloomington, Minnesota Bloomington, Nebraska Bloomington, Wisconsin Bloomington (town), Wisconsin Bloomington Township, Illinois Bloomington Township, Indiana Bloomington Township, Decatur County, Iowa Bloomington Township, Muscatine County, Iowa Bloomington Township... State nickname: The Hoosier State Other U.S. States Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Governor Mitch Daniels (R) Senators Richard Lugar (R) Evan Bayh (D) Official language(s) English Area 94,321 km² (38th)  - Land 92,897 km²  - Water 1,424 km² (1. ... Salvador Edward Luria (August 13, 1912 - February 6, 1991) was a naturalized American microbiologist whose pioneering work on phage helped open up molecular biology. ... A phage (also called bacteriophage) (in Greek phageton = food/consumption) is a small virus that infects only bacteria. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... The California Institute of Technology (commonly known as Caltech) is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ... Max Delbrück (September 4, 1906 - March 9, 1981) was a German biologist. ... Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anenomes) Placozoa (trichoplax) Subregnum Bilateria (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... An oncovirus is a virus associated with cancer. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the the baby boom from returning GIs who... Howard Martin Temin (1934 - 1994) was a U.S. geneticist. ... David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938) is an American biologist and a winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... The HIV virus A virus is a microscopic parasite that infects cells in biological organisms. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... A cell is a single unit or compartment, enclosed by a border or wall. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Salk Institute Salk Institute The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is an independent non-profit educational research organization in La Jolla, California. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7,421,328 and a metropolitan area population of between 12 and 14 million. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A scientist is a person who is an expert in at least one area of science and who uses the scientific method to research that area. ... The Human Genome Project (HGP) endeavored to map the human genome down to the nucleotide (or base pair) level and to identify all the genes present in it. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Location within Italy Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese dialect: Milán) is the main city in northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed region in Italy. ...

Why did he get the Nobel Prize?

Dulbecco and his group demonstrated that the infection of normal cells with certain types of viruses (oncoviruses) led to the incorporation of virus-derived genes into the host-cell genome, and that this event lead to the transformation (the acquisition of a tumor phenotype) of those cells. As demonstrated by Temin and Baltimore, who shared the Nobel Prize with Dulbecco, the transfer of viral genes to the cell is mediated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase (or, more precisely, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase), which replicates the viral genome (in this case made of RNA) into DNA, which is later incorporated in the host genome. This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ... In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ... The phenotype of an individual organism is either its total physical appearance and constitution, or a specific manifestation of a trait, such as size or eye color, that varies between individuals. ... Ribbon diagram of the catalytically perfect enzyme TIM. Factor D enzyme crystal prevents the immune system from inappropriately running out of control. ... In biochemistry, reverse transcriptase (EC 2. ... DNA polymerase 3D structure. ... Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of covalently bound nucleotides. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). ...

Oncoviruses are the cause of some forms of human cancers. Dulbecco's study gave us the basis for precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which they propagate, thus allowing us to better fight them. Furthermore, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis mediated by oncoviruses closely resemble the process by which normal cells degenerate into cancer cells. Dulbecco's discoveries allowed us to better understand and fight cancer. Binomial name Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Subspecies Homo sapiens idaltu(extinct) Homo sapiens sapiens Homo (genus). ... When normal cells are damaged or old they undergo apoptosis; cancer cells, however, avoid apoptosis. ... A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its chemical composition and properties. ... Cancers are caused by a series of mutations. ...

External links

• Nobel autobiography
• Renato Dulbecco – biography