Renaud de Montauban, also known as Rinaldo di Montalbano, was a fictional hero who was introduced to literature in a twelfth century Old French chanson de geste. His exploits form part of the Doon de Mayence cycle of chansons. The tale is also known as Les Quatre Fils Aymon ("The Four Sons of Aymon"). A fictional character is any person who appears in a work of fiction. ... Sir Galahad, a hero of Arthurian legend In many myths and folk tales, a hero is a man or woman (the latter often called a heroine), traditionally the protagonist of a story, legend or saga, who commonly possesses abilities or character far greater than that of a typical person, which... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Old French is a term sometimes used to refer to the langue doïl, the continuum of varieties of Romance language spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of Belgium and Switzerland during the period roughly from 1000 to 1300 A.D... The chansons de geste, Old French for songs of heroic deeds, are the epic poetry that appears at the dawn of French literature. ... Doon de Mayence was a fictional hero of the Old French chansons de geste, who gives his name to the third cycle of the Charlemagne romances, those dealing with the feudal revolts. ...

Renaud and his three brothers were sons of Aymon de Dordogne. They flee from the court of Charlemagne after Renaud kills one of Charlemagne's nephews in a brawl. A long war follows, during which Renaud and his brothers remain faithful to the chivalrous code of honour despite their sufferings, until Charlemagne is prevailed on by his paladins to make terms. Dordogne is a département in central France named after the Dordogne River. ... A Frankish king, like Charlemagne, (center) depicted in the Sacramentary of Charles the Bald (about 870) Charlemagne (c. ... See also order of chivalry Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene. ... Honour (CwE) or honor (AmE) comprises the reputation, self-perception or moral identity of an individual or of a group. ... Roland is girt with a sword by Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ...

The four brothers are pardoned on condition that Renaud go to Palestine on the Crusades, and that their magic horse Bayard, which could expand its size to carry all four brothers on its back, be surrendered to Charlemagne. Charlemagne orders that the magic horse be drowned by chaining it to stones and throwing it in a river; but the horse escapes and ultimately returns to the brothers. Renaud, after further adventures on the Crusades, returns to Cologne, where he ultimately dies defending the builders of a shrine to St Peter. Palestine (Latin: Syria Palæstina; Hebrew: פלשתינה Palestina, ארץ־ישראל Eretz Yisrael; Arabic: فلسطين Filasṭīn) is the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east. ... This article is about the medieval Crusades . ... In the legends derived from the chansons de geste Bayard was a magic bay horse, renowned for his spirit, and who possessed the supernatural ability to adjust his size to his riders. ... Cologne skyline at night. ... Saint Peter, portrayed by Peter Paul Rubens in a papal chasuble and pallium holding keys, was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. ...

Charlemagne is not portrayed sympathetically in this cycle of stories. He is portrayed as vengeful and treacherous; he is fooled by the sorcerer Maugris; the sympathy of the storyteller is clearly with the four brothers, but ultimately feudal authority is upheld. Renaud, as Rinaldo, is an important character in Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto. During the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, the story of Les Quatre Fils Aymon was made into a play that was banned by the German authorities, because of the sympathy it displayed for resisting authority; the play was performed underground and became quite popular. A sorcerer (from Old French sorcier; fem. ... Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ... Orlando Furioso is an epic poem written by Ludovico Ariosto in 1516. ... Ludovico Ariosto (September 8, 1474 – July 6, 1533) was an Italian poet, author of the epic poem Orlando furioso (1516), Orlando Enraged. He was born at Reggio, in Emilia. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: Immense human sacrifice, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons - the atom bomb being the ultimate. ... A play is a common form of literature, usually consisting chiefly of dialog between characters, and usually intended for performance rather than reading. ...

In 1711, George Friderich Handel wrote an opera loosely based on Torquato Tasso's epic poem La Gerusalemme liberata, called Rinaldo. George Frideric Handel (German Georg Friedrich Händel), (February 23, 1685 – April 14, 1759) was a German-born British Baroque music composer. ... The foyer of Charles Garniers Opéra, Paris, opened 1875 Opera is an art form consisting of a dramatic stage performance set to music. ... Rinaldo and Armida by Francois Boucher, 1734 (Louvre Museum) Rinaldo is an Italian opera by George Friderich Handel. ...