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The Renault 4, also known as the 4L (pronounced "Quatrelle", which could be heard as "4 wings" in French), is a hatchback economy car produced by the French automaker Renault between 1961 and 1993. It was the first front-wheel drive family car produced by Renault. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 4706 KB) Author: Xalax Place: Rovinj, Croatia Renault-4 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ...
For the author, see Mary Renault. ...
Billancourt is a commune of the Somme département, in eastern France. ...
For the city in Mexico, see Valladolid, Yucatán. ...
Envigado is a municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. ...
Novo Mesto with Krka river Novo Mesto (Slovenian: Novo mesto; German: ) is a one of the eleven town municipalities in the Dolenjska region of the Republic of Slovenia. ...
The Renault 4CV was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault from 1946 to 1961. ...
The Renault Twingo is a city car built by French automaker Renault, officially presented at the 1992 Mondial de lAutomobile and going on sale in early 1993. ...
Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories. ...
An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ...
Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ...
The best selling North American pickup truck, the Ford F-Series. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Renault Megane hatchback, a proper hatchback which has shown huge success in Europe Peugeot 306 hatchback, with the hatch lifted and the parcel shelf tilted for access Hatchback is a term designating an automobile design, containing a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by...
In automobile design layout is the place where both the engine and driven wheels are. ...
Sketch of FF layout In automotive design, a FF, or Front-engine, Front-wheel drive layout places both the engine and driven wheels at the front of the vehicle. ...
The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ...
The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ...
The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ...
The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ...
âGearboxâ redirects here. ...
Kerb (sometimes mis-spelled as curb by Americans) weight is the total weight of a vehicle with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables (such as motor oil and coolant), a full tank of fuel and not loaded with either passengers or cargo. ...
The Renault 3 was a budget version of the Renault 4 built in 1961 and 1962. ...
The Renault 5 (also called the R5) is a supermini produced by the French automaker Renault in two generations between 1972 and 1996. ...
The Renault 6 was a subcompact automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1968 and 1980. ...
The Renault 7 was a four-door sedan version of the French Renault 5 automobile, produced and sold in Spain by Renault until the mid-1980s. ...
The Renault Rodeo was a series of open cars produced between 1969 and 1986 by ACL, later called Teilhol, for Renault. ...
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Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 597 Ã 600 pixelsFull resolutionâ (2,142 Ã 2,152 pixels, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 597 Ã 600 pixelsFull resolutionâ (2,142 Ã 2,152 pixels, file size: 1. ...
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Renault Megane hatchback, a proper hatchback which has shown huge success in Europe Peugeot 306 hatchback, with the hatch lifted and the parcel shelf tilted for access Hatchback is a term designating an automobile design, containing a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by...
An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ...
For the author, see Mary Renault. ...
Front-wheel drive is the most common form of engine/transmission layout used in modern passenger cars, where the engine drives the front wheels. ...
History
The Renault 4 was Renault's response to the 1948 Citroën 2CV. Renault was able to review the pluses and minuses of the 2CV design and come up with a larger, more urban vehicle. In the spring of 1956, Renault Chairman Pierre Dreyfus launched this new project: designing a new model to replace the rear engined 4CV that would become an everyman's car, capable of satisfying the needs of anybody. It would be a family car, a woman's car, a farmer's car, a city car. It would also be suitable for motorists around the world. First generation Ripple Bonnet Citroën 2CV built from 1948 to 1960 The Citroën 2CV (French: deux chevaux, literally two horses, from the tax horsepower rating) was an economy car produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1948 to 1990. ...
For the author, see Mary Renault. ...
Pierre Dreyfus (November 18, 1907 - 1994) is a French businessman. ...
In Automobile design, an RR, or Rear-engine, Rear wheel drive, layout places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle. ...
The Renault 4CV was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault from 1946 to 1961. ...
The production Renault 4 was finally revealed at the Paris Salon de l'Automobile in 1961, in the L version (L for Luxe), hence the popular name 4L. The Mondial de lAutomobile (Paris Motor Show in English) is an bi-annual auto show in Paris. ...
Early versions used engines and transmissions from the Renault 4CV. The initial transmission was a 3-speed manual, an obsolete feature when compared to the four-speed manual of the thirteen-year old Citroën 2CV. Unlike the 4CV, which was a full monocoque, the R4 body was bolted on to a chassis. However, the body had a structural role and the chassis could twist if the body was removed without proper shoring. This semi-monocoque construction would later allow Renault to build other models on the R4 platform like the Renault 6 and the successful Renault 5. The R4 had four-wheel independent suspension. A surprising, yet often unnoticed, feature on the R4 is its shorter wheelbase on the left than on the right. This allowed a very simple design of the rear suspension using transverse torsion bars, and didn't affect the handling of the car. The front torsion bars were longitudinal. The longitudinal layout of the front wheel drive engine and transmission with engine behind the front axle, and gearbox/differential in front is identical to the Citroën Traction Avant. The suspension is also very similar, the only difference, being the deletion of the Citroen's flexible beam between the rear wheels, to give the Renault 4 fully independent rear suspension. This is ironic as Louis Renault (industrialist), the company's founder, (removed in 1944 for collaboration in the Second World War, when the company was nationalised), was the harshest critic of the Traction at the time of its launch in the 1930s. The Renault 4CV was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault from 1946 to 1961. ...
Monocoque (French for single shell) is a construction technique that uses the external skin of an object to support some or most of the load on the structure. ...
Monocoque (French for single shell) is a construction technique that uses the external skin of an object to support some or most of the load on the structure. ...
The Renault 6 was a subcompact automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1968 and 1980. ...
The Renault 5 (also called the R5) is a supermini produced by the French automaker Renault in two generations between 1972 and 1996. ...
Independent suspension is broad term for any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i. ...
Traction Avant rear Traction Avant rears. ...
Louis Renault (February 15, 1877, Paris, France â October 24, 1944) was a French industrialist and one of the foremost pioneers of the automobile industry. ...
During its production run the R4 was regarded as a tiny estate car, but in retrospect the car clearly popularized the hatchback body style, and is therefore significant in the history of car design. It was not the first, however, to introduce a top-hinged single-unit tailgate, one of the distinguishing features of the hatchback body style: both the earlier Citroën Traction Avant Commerciale and the Aston Martin DB2/4 Mk1 had top-hinged tailgates. Estate car body style (Saab 95) A station wagon (United States usage), wagon (Australian usage) or estate car (United Kingdom usage) is a car body style similar to a sedan car but with an extended rear cargo area. ...
Renault Megane hatchback, a proper hatchback which has shown huge success in Europe Peugeot 306 hatchback, with the hatch lifted and the parcel shelf tilted for access Hatchback is a term designating an automobile design, containing a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by...
While never achieving the same curiosity appeal as the Citroën 2CV, the R4 was the most successful French car of all time, with 8 million units being produced between 1961 and 1993. RHD market sales of the 4 Sedan ended in 1985, but LHD production and European sales continued until 1993, when the R4 was finally shelved.
Around the world - In Colombia, the car was one of the most sold, and remained in the memory of many Colombians, it was nicknamed "Amigo fiel" (Faithful friend) and was manufactured in the SOFASA plant in Envigado (a city near Medellín) from 1970 to 1992.
- In Argentina the 4 is known as "Renoleta", following the nickname given to the Citroën 2CV, "Citroneta". Because due the heavy taxes on passenger vehicles in the late 50s, the first 2CV were imported unfinished, only up to the front doors and completed with a Argentinian-made pickup truck bed. The Spanish word for pickup truck is "camioneta", hence "Citroneta".
Nickname: Location of the city (urban in red) and municipality (dark gray) of MedellÃn in Antioquia Department. ...
First generation Ripple Bonnet Citroën 2CV built from 1948 to 1960 The Citroën 2CV (French: deux chevaux, literally two horses, from the tax horsepower rating) was an economy car produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1948 to 1990. ...
Design Though the Renault 4 had a long production run, development of the design was limited - it never changed size or shape. The engines were significantly larger than the small 425 cc (later 602 cc 29 hp), engine in the 2CV. The R4 always had a four-cylinder watercooled engine. The original engine's capacity of 782 cc was increased to 845 cc from 1963 onwards. In 1978, a new 1108 cc engine was introduced, a smaller version (956 cc) of which replaced the 845 cc engine in 1986. Chrome trim was eventually phased out on all models and aluminium grilles were replaced with plastic items. There were three different dashboards, all of which were simple in design. Changes to the body panels amounted to nothing more than a slightly altered hood and hinge alterations. Watercooling is a method of heat removal from components. ...
Aluminum redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Plastic (disambiguation). ...
Despite the runaway success of the Renault 4, or perhaps as a result of it, Renault directed a lot of effort into developing its small cars. They designed the Renault 6 and the Renault 5 while the Renault 4 was still selling extremely well. Some criticised this at the time, but the Renault 5 competed in a different sector (three- and five-door supermini). The Renault 4 is thus a bridge between the small utility vehicle (2CV) and the supermini design (R5, Peugeot 205). The Renault 6 was a subcompact automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1968 and 1980. ...
The Renault 5 (also called the R5) is a supermini produced by the French automaker Renault in two generations between 1972 and 1996. ...
1996 Volkswagen Polo, a popular modern European supermini A supermini is a European hatchback car category. ...
The Peugeot 205 is a supermini produced by the French car manufacturer Peugeot between 1983 and 1996. ...
The Renault 4 remained an extremely basic car throughout its life, and development never extended to making the design any less simple or spartan. However, in spite of its basic design, the Renault 4 had an extremely comfortable ride, due to well-designed suspension (which lent the Renault 4 a softer, more fluid ride than many modern cars) and a habitable interior due to comfortable seats, powerful heater and effective ventilation. However, the windows lacked winding mechanisms and instead used sliding mechanisms. To some this gave the Renault 4 character, but to many others it was just annoying and a tell-tale sign of the age of the design. Another detail which made the Renault 4 different from other cars was the gear lever, which was on the dashboard. This was an effective means of creating a flat floor, using a simple design borrowed from the 2CV. It passed over the longitudinal engine and clutch to the gearbox at the front. Though unconventional and criticised by conservative motoring journalists, the dash-mounted gear lever was easy to use and left more interior space free. A gear stick (also gearstick, gear lever, selection lever, and gear shifter) is the lever used to change gear in a vehicle, such as an automobile, with manual transmission or automatic transmission. ...
Variants
Renault 4 Fourgonnette (van) There were many different 'special edition' Renault 4s. Some (including the Safari, Sixties and Jogging) were sold in special colour schemes, upholstery and other details, while others (Clan, Savane) were really nothing more than standard models with decals. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã 443 pixelsFull resolutionâ (1,280 Ã 709 pixels, file size: 493 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) |Description=Renault 4 Plein-Air |Source=Own work |Date=16 October 2005 |Author=Tennen-Gas |Permission=GFDL |other_versions= }} File historyClick on a date/time...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã 443 pixelsFull resolutionâ (1,280 Ã 709 pixels, file size: 493 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) |Description=Renault 4 Plein-Air |Source=Own work |Date=16 October 2005 |Author=Tennen-Gas |Permission=GFDL |other_versions= }} File historyClick on a date/time...
Image File history File links R4van. ...
Image File history File links R4van. ...
There were also special models which were not solely a marketing exercise, such as the Renault 4 Sinpar 4x4, the Plein Air, a pickup truck, LPG versions and electric versions. The best selling North American pickup truck, the Ford F-Series. ...
LPG might be an initialism or abbreviation for: Liquified petroleum gas Laboratoire de Planetologie, Grenoble, France Literary Press Group of Canada Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft (German, obsolete/historical) Long period grating This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page â a navigational aid which lists other pages that...
In 1978, the R4 GTL arrived. It had the 1108 cc engine from the Renault 6 TL, albeit with the performance reduced for better economy, and bigger drum brakes. The GTL was identifiable by its grey front grille, grey bumpers, and grey rubber strips along the bottoms of the doors. It also had an extra air intake below the front grille (as a result, the registration plate was moved down to the bumper), and 12 inch (304.8 mm) wiper blades instead of the original 10 inch (254 mm) ones. Inside, there was a modified dashboard and cloth seats. The Renault 6 was a subcompact automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1968 and 1980. ...
There was also a panel van version of the R4, which with its "high cube" bodyshell became the idiosyncratic French "Boulangerie" van. For many years, this was surely the most successful vehicle of its type and for many people it represents their idea of a Renault 4 more than the passenger version. It remained on sale in Europe until 1993 and was replaced by the Renault Express, based on the R5. An Australian Ford panel van, based on a 1990 Ford Falcon. ...
The Renault 5 (also called the R5) is a supermini produced by the French automaker Renault in two generations between 1972 and 1996. ...
End of the R4 Though reasons such as emissions and safety legislation are often given for the Renault 4's demise, its popularity would not have lasted anyway. [1] Outmoded production methods, more advanced competition and the reasons outlined above meant that the Renault 4's days were numbered, at least as a mainstream product. In any case, projects to replace the Renault 4 had been in development since the early seventies. However, the continuing success of the Renault 4, the need to replace the Renault 5, the difficulties coming up with a suitable replacement (and the idea that the Renault 4's market would die with it) all meant that the Renault 4's replacement did not appear until 22 years later. [2] When the Renault 4 finally went out of production in the early nineties, a retrospective series of ten black and white photographs by Thierry des Ouches was published in Libération in early December 1992. This series later won first prize from Le Club des Directeur Artistiques in the category of daily newspaper. It was also award the lion d'or at the Cannes International Advertising Festival. Libération (affectionately known as Libé) is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. ...
Libération with Thierry des Ouches' photograph To bring Renault 4 production to an end, a series of the last 1000 Renault 4 "Bye-Bye" was released, each with a numbered plaque counting down to the last. Image File history File links R4liberation. ...
Image File history File links R4liberation. ...
In 2003, a Japanese car modification company called DAMD came up with a design called the Ancel Lapin, which could transform a Suzuki Lapin into a Renault 4 lookalike. Mazda Spiano Suzuki Alto Lapin facelift The Suzuki Alto Lapin is a retro-styled kei car with a 5-door hatchback body, manufactured since 2002 by Suzuki for the Japanese market only, and also marketed in Japan by Mazda as Mazda Spiano under an OEM agreement. ...
In pop culture The Renault 4 is in the background of numerous films due to its omnipresence, but it has had special roles in the films Trafic, Braddock: Missing in Action III, Rugrats in Paris: The Movie, 102 Dalmatians, Romancing the Stone, Let's Get Harry, Laws of Attraction, Where Eskimos Live, The Nephew and Team America: World Police. Trafic is a 1971 comedy film directed by Jacques Tati. ...
102 Dalmatians is a 2000 live-action film, produced by The Walt Disney Company and starring Glenn Close as the villainous Cruella de Vil. ...
Romancing the Stone is an American 1984 action-adventure film. ...
Lets Get Harry is a 1986 action film directed by Stuart Rosenberg. ...
For the New Age philosophy, see Law of Attraction (New Age). ...
Poster Where Eskimos Live (AKA Tam, gdzie żyjÄ
Eskimosi) is a feature drama movie released in 2002 in Polish-American-British and Germany co-operation. ...
The Nephew is a 1998 film, starring Donal McCann, that tells the story of a small Irish island community which is thrown into turmoil by the arrival of a young man from America (Hill Harper) whose mother, a native, has recently died. ...
Team America: World Police Team America: World Police is a 2004 movie by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, the creators of the Comedy Central television program South Park. ...
Pierce Brosnan and Bryan Ferry are said to be fans of the Renault 4. The Renault 4 has featured in two of Pierce Brosnan's films. Pierce Brendan Brosnan, OBE[1] (born May 16, 1953) is an Irish actor and producer best known for portraying James Bond in four films from 1995 to 2002: GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day. ...
Bryan Ferry (born 26 September 1945 in Washington) is an English singer, musician, songwriter and occasional actor famed for his suave visual and vocal style, who came to public prominence in the 1970s as lead vocalist and principal songwriter with Roxy Music. ...
Pierce Brendan Brosnan, OBE[1] (born May 16, 1953) is an Irish actor and producer best known for portraying James Bond in four films from 1995 to 2002: GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day. ...
The Chicken Song by Spitting Image included the lines "Eat a Renault 4 / Wear salami in your ears". A Renault 4 is also shown in the video to 'Born to teach Woodwork' At the point where Bruce Springstien says born to drive a Renault. The Chicken Song is a song by the British parody/satire comedy program Spitting Image. ...
Spitting Image was a satirical puppet show that ran on the United Kingdoms ITV television network from 1984 to 1996. ...
Today the Renault 4 is a cult object, one which originally brought many innovative concepts to the mass market.
In racing The Renault 4 was originally powered by a 20 hp (15 kW) engine and its suspension was never intended for sporting dynamics, so it should have been no surprise that it came last in the 1962 Monte-Carlo Rally. However, the Renault 4 had certain advantages in its high torque and a suspension and ground-clearance that gave it go-anywhere capabilities. This meant that Renault was able to give it a sporting image with programmes such as the "Cross Elf Cup of France" in 1974 and the "Routes du Monde" programme in 1968. The latter was a project in which Renault would lend young people cars to travel the world in, and this would help to give the Renault 4 an adventurous and durable image. The "Coupe de France Renault Cross Elf" was a series of races in France on dirt tracks with slightly tuned 782 cc R4s. A Renault 4 Sinpar (the four-wheel drive version) was entered in the Paris-Dakar Rally 1979 by Bernard and Claude Marreau and came in third, it was also popular as a police car in mountainous areas such as Corsica. The Paris Dakar Rally (or The Dakar) is an annual, organized, professional off-road race. ...
The Renault 4 GTL was homologated in Group A. Jacky Cesbron raced one in the Monte-Carlo rally in 1993 and the Tour de Corse in 1991. Pinto dos Santos raced a Group N 4 GTL in visiting every round of the WRC though not all during the same season. In relation to motorsport governed by the FIA, Group A referred to a set of regulations providing production-derived vehicles for outright competition. ...
The Tour de Corse is a rally race held since 1956 on the Corsica island. ...
In relation to motorsport governed by the FIA, Group N referred to a set of regulations providing a set of rules for standard production vehicles for competition, often referred to as the Showroom Class. This contrasts with the Group A all-out competition production-derived vehicles. ...
The Renault 4 forms the basis of the 4L Trophy. This is an annual Rally which uses only Renault 4s. It is open to students who collect sponsorship and drive to the Sahara to deliver educational materials to children of the desert and of Morocco. In Colombia, Peter Goldring modified an 1400 engine from an R18 with 103 hp (77 kW) and installed it in an R4, that reached a max speed of 207 km/h (129 mph) at 7600 rpm. This R4 has been called the "world's fastest R4"
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Renault 4 - Serbian Renault 4 Club
- French club
- Renault 4 Website
- Renault 4 Forum
- Renault 4 in Colombia, "Amigo Fiel" (Faithful Friend)
- French site
Podstrana Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
For the author, see Mary Renault. ...
An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ...
The Renault 3 was a budget version of the Renault 4 built in 1961 and 1962. ...
1996 Volkswagen Polo, a popular modern European supermini A supermini is a European hatchback car category. ...
The Renault 5 (also called the R5) is a supermini produced by the French automaker Renault in two generations between 1972 and 1996. ...
The Renault 7 was a four-door sedan version of the French Renault 5 automobile, produced and sold in Spain by Renault until the mid-1980s. ...
The Renault 5 (also called the R5) is a supermini produced by the French automaker Renault in two generations between 1972 and 1996. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Renault 4CV was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault from 1946 to 1961. ...
The Renault Dauphine was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault from 1956 to 1962. ...
The Renault 8 (Renault R8 until 1964) and Renault 10 are two small family cars produced by the French automaker Renault in the 1960s and early 1970s. ...
The Renault 6 was a subcompact automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1968 and 1980. ...
The Renault 14 was an automobile produced by Renault of France between 1976 and 1983. ...
The Renault 9 and Renault 11 were compact automobiles produced by the French car manufacturer Renault between 1982 and 1988. ...
A Ford Mondeo, a large family car. ...
The Renault Juvaquatre was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1937 and 1953. ...
The Renault 12 is a medium sized family car produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1968 and 1980. ...
The Renault 18 is a large family car produced by French manufacturer Renault between 1978 and 1993. ...
The Renault 21 was a midsize car built by the French manufacturer Renault between 1986 and 1994. ...
Executive car is a British term used generally to describe an automobile larger than a large family car, but which is not a high-end or ultra luxury car, a multi-purpose vehicle or a sport utility vehicle. ...
The Renault Frégate was a sedan automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1951 and 1960. ...
The Renault 16 was a large family car with an at first unusual hatchback body, produced by French manufacturer Renault between 1965 and 1980 in Sandouville, Le Havre, France. ...
The Renault 20 and Renault 30 were automobiles designed and built by French manufacturer Renault between 1975 and 1983. ...
The Renault 20 and Renault 30 were automobiles designed and built by French manufacturer Renault between 1975 and 1983. ...
The Renault 25 is an executive car produced by the French automaker Renault from 1983 to 1992. ...
Gran Turismo is Italian and Spanish for grand touring or grand tourisme. ...
The Torino was a mid-sized automobile made by IKA, which meant Industrias Kaiser Argentina. ...
The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupé Rover P5 Coupe, a traditional four-door coupé Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coup...
The Renault 15 and Renault 17 were two variations of the same coupé designed and built by French automaker Renault between 1971 and 1980. ...
The Renault Fuego was a four-seater, three-door coupe based on a Renault 18 platform. ...
1950 Jaguar XK120 roadster This article is about the car body style. ...
The Renault Caravelle was a roadster automobile produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1958 and 1968. ...
A sport utility vehicle (SUV) or off-roader is a vehicle that combines the load-hauling and passenger-carrying capacity of a large station wagon or minivan with features designed for off-road driving. ...
The Renault Rodeo was a series of open cars produced between 1969 and 1986 by ACL, later called Teilhol, for Renault. ...
The Renault Rodeo was a series of open cars produced between 1969 and 1986 by ACL, later called Teilhol, for Renault. ...
Podstrana is a municipality in Croatia in the Split-Dalmatia county. ...
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