NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Republic of Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia is located in the Malay Archipelago, the world's largest archipelago, between Indochina and Australia, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world and the fourth most populous overall. It has had free elections since the Indonesian 1998 Revolution toppled General Suharto, who seized power in 1965. The Malay Archipelago refers to the vast group of islands located between mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... Indochina, or French Indochina, was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in south-east Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ... Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only country to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/Oceania. ... The Indian Ocean is the third-largest body of water in the world, covering about 20% of the Earths water surface. ... The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, peaceful sea, bestowed upon it by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan) is the worlds largest body of water. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... In 1998, following over thirty years of military dictatorship under General Suharto, the 1998 Indonesian Revolution led to the introduction of democracy. ... General Suharto (born June 8, 1921) was an Indonesian dictator and military strongman. ...

Large flag of Indonesia Image originally derived from the public domain flags of the CIA World Factbook. ... Coat of arms of Indonesia This work is copyrighted. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Indonesia (vexillological symbol ) is a simple two colour flag with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white. ... Here is a list of state mottos for countries and their subdivisions around the world. ... The motto of Indonesia is Bhinneka Tunggal Ika which is Old Javanese and is often loosely translated as Unity in Diversity but literally it means (Although) in pieces, yet One. This is a quotation from an Old Javanese poem written in Indian metres, the so called kakawin or kawya. ... Javanese language is the spoken language of the people in the central and eastern part of the island of Java, in Indonesia. ... Kawi is a language from the islands of Java, Bali and Lombok. ... An ideology is a collection of ideas. ... Symbol of Indonesias Pancasila Pancasila, pronounced Panchaseela, is the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state. ... This is a list of national anthems. ... Indonesia Raya is the national anthem of Indonesia. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. ... Indonesias 221 million people make it the worlds fourth_most populous nation. ... This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia and a remarkable language in several ways. ... This is a list of countries categorized by system of government currently in use. ... List of Presidents of Indonesia Categories: Indonesia | Lists of office-holders ... In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. ... Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his family Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born September 9, 1949), Indonesian military commander and politician, is the current President of Indonesia. ... Independence is autonomous self-government of a country by its residents and indigenous population. ... The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ... List of countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The figures in this table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers. ... This is a list of the worlds economies sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP) at market or government official exchange rates. ... In economics, purchasing power parity (PPP) is a method used to calculate an alternative exchange rate between the currencies of two countries. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January events January 1 Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. ... Here is a list of countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... Here is a list of countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. ... Sample of Rupiah banknote The rupiah is the monetary unit of Indonesia (currency code IDR). ... ISO 4217 is an international standard describing three letter codes to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization or ISO. The first two letters of the code are the two letters of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes (which are similar to those used... -1... Daylight saving time (also called DST, or Summer Time) is the portion of the year in which a regions local time is advanced by (usually) one hour from its standard official time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ... .id is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Indonesia. ...

History

Main article: History of Indonesia Prehistory Geologically the area of modern Indonesia appeared sometime around the Pleistocene period when it was still linked with the Asian mainland. ...

Under the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism, several kingdoms formed on the islands of Sumatra and Java from the 7th to 14th century. The arrival of Arab traders from Gujarat, India later brought Islam, which became the dominant religion in many parts of the archipelago after the collapse of Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms. This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ... View of the Puncak area in West Java Java (Indonesian: Jawa) is the most populous of Indonesias islands, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... ( 6th century - 7th century - 8th century - other centuries) Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Arabs subjugate Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa and Central Asia to Islam. ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... Arab (disambiguation). ... Gujarat (Hindi: गुजरात) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام, listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ...

When the Europeans came in the early 16th century, they found a multitude of small states. These were vulnerable to the Europeans, who were in pursuit of dominating the spice trade. In the 17th century, the Dutch emerged as the most powerful of the Europeans, ousting the Spanish and Portuguese (except for their colony Portuguese Timor on the island of Timor). The Netherlands ruled Indonesia as a colony until World War II, first under the control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and then directly by the Dutch government beginning in the nineteenth century. World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... The spice trade was of major economic importance and helped spur the Age of Exploration. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). ... Portuguese Timor is the former name (1596 - 1975) of East Timor when it was under Portuguese administration. ... Timor is an island at the south of the Malay Archipelago, divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, part of the Indonesian province of Nusa Tenggara Timur with the surface of 11,883 sq mi/ 30,777 km². The name is a variant of timur, Malay... This article is about the trading company. ...

Under the nineteenth-century Cultuurstelsel (Cultivation System), large plantations and forced cultivation was established on Java, finally creating the profit for the Netherlands that the VOC was unable to produce. In a more liberal period of colonial rule after 1870 the cultivation system was abolished. After 1901 the Dutch introduced the Ethical Policy, which included limited political reform and increased investment in the colony. 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

During World War II, with The Netherlands under German occupation, Japan occupied the Dutch colony. Some of the Indonesian elite, and many of the future leaders of the Republic of Indonesia, cooperated with the Japanese occupiers, as they saw them as a welcome change after Dutch rule. In 1945, with the war drawing to a close, Japan sponsored a committee, led by Sukarno, to plan for independence. Sukarno declared independence on 17 August. Belligerent military occupation, occurs when one nations military garrisons occupy all or part of a foreign nation during an invasion (during or after a war). ... Official language Japanese Capital Tokyo Largest City Tokyo Emperor Akihito Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi Area - Total - % water Ranked 60th 377,835 km² 0. ... Sukarno Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

In an effort to regain control of their previously occupied colonies, the Allies sent in their armies, together with the Netherlands' Army. Indonesia's war for independence lasted from 1945 until 27 December 1949, when, under heavy international pressure, the Netherlands acknowledged Indonesia's independence. Sukarno became the country's first president, with Mohammad Hatta as the first vice president. See Indonesian National Revolution The Royal Netherlands Army (Koninklijke Landmacht) is the land forces element of the Military of the Netherlands. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence is the name of the four-year struggle by Indonesia to win its independence from the Netherlands. ...

The 1950s and 1960s saw Sukarno's government aligning itself first with the emerging non-aligned movement and later with the socialist bloc. The 1960s saw Indonesia in a military confrontation against neighboring Malaysia, and increasing frustration over domestic economic difficulties. Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb. ... Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... The Federation of Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. ...

Army general Suharto became president in 1967 with the excuse of securing the country against an alleged Communist coup attempt against a weakening Sukarno. In the aftermath of Suharto's rise, hundreds of thousands people were killed or imprisoned in a backlash against alleged Communist supporters. Suharto's administration is commonly called the New Order era. Suharto invited major foreign investment into the country, which produced substantial, if uneven, economic growth. However, Suharto enriched himself and his family through widespread corruption and he was forced to step down amid massive popular demonstrations and a faltering economy in 1998. See Indonesian 1998 Revolution. General Suharto (born June 8, 1921) was an Indonesian dictator and military strongman. ... Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a social and economic system, an ideology which supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system. ... Investment is a term with several closely related meanings in finance and economics. ... This article is about political corruption. ... In 1998, following over thirty years of military dictatorship under General Suharto, the 1998 Indonesian Revolution led to the introduction of democracy. ...

In the period of 1998 to 2001, the country had three presidents: Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri. In 2004, the largest one-day election in the world and Indonesia's first direct Presidential election was held and was won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. List of Presidents of Indonesia Categories: Indonesia | Lists of office-holders ... Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (born June 25, 1936), more commonly known simply as Rudy Habibie or B J Habibie, was the third President of Indonesia, holding office from 1998 to 1999. ... Abdurrahman Wahid Abdurrahman Wahid (also known as Gus Dur) (born August 4, 1940) was President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001, and leader of the National Awakening Party, which he founded after the fall of Suharto. ... Megawati Sukarnoputri Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (born 23 January 1947), was President of Indonesia from July 2001 to 20 October 2004. ... Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his family Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born September 9, 1949), Indonesian military commander and politician, is the current President of Indonesia. ...

Parts of northern Sumatra, particularly Aceh, were devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004. See Impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Indonesia. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ... Aceh (pronounced Ah-chay) is a special territory (daerah istimewa, or special autonomy) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Dutch colonists and the current Indonesian government. ... Animation of the tsunami caused by the earthquake (see also the full-length version) The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) on December 26, 2004. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... Part of Banda Aceh shore before and after the tsunami, see also larger versions: before, after (Credit: DigitalGlobe). ...

Politics

The highest legislative body is the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR, head: Hidayat Nur Wahid) or 'People's Consultative Assembly', consisting of the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR, head: Agung Laksono) or Peoples Representative Council, elected for a five-year term, and the Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD, head: Ginandjar Kartasasmita) or Regional Representatives Council. Following elections in 2004, the MPR will become a bicameral parliament, with the creation of the DPD as a new second chamber. Hidayat Nur Wahid (born in Klaten, Central Java on 8 April 1960) was elected as the leader of Indonesias Constitutional Assembly (MPR) on 6 October 2004. ... The Peoples Representative Council is the lower house of the legislature of Indonesia. ... Indonesia has moved towards bicameralism by establishing the Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, most commonly called the DPD in the Indonesian media. ... In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... Alternative meanings: Parliamentary system, Parliament (band), Parliament (cigarette). ...

Provinces

Main article: Provinces of Indonesia The number of provinces of Indonesia has tended to increase as new provinces have been split from existing territories. ...

Currently, Indonesia has 33 provinces (of those, 2 are special territories and 1 capital city territory). The provinces are subdivided in districts, which are in turn split up in sub-districts and municipalities. The provinces are:

onmouseover="pv(event, 142)" onmouseout="unpv(142)" style="">Bali, Bangka-Belitung, Banten, Bengkulu, Central Java, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, East Java, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sumatra, Gorontalo, Jambi, Lampung, Maluku, North Maluku, North Sulawesi, North Sumatra, Papua (Irian Jaya), Riau, Riau Kepulauan, South East Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, West Irian Jaya, West Java, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, West Sulawesi, West Sumatra Bali is an Indonesian island. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map showing Banten within Indonesia Banten is a province of Indonesia, located at the western end of the island of Java. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Indonesias provinces located in the heart of Sulawesi Island. ... Map showing East Java within Indonesia East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is one of Indonesias 32 provinces. ... Categories: Stub | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map of North Sumatra province within Indonesia Sumatera Utara or North Sumatra is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map showing Papua province in Indonesia Papua is a province of Indonesia comprising part of the western half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... The Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau (Kepri for short) or sometimes Riau Kepulauan in Bahasa Indonesia) are a province and a group of islands in Indonesia, located south of Singapore, off the eastern coast of Riau province on Sumatra island. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map showing West Irian Jaya province in Indonesia West Irian Jaya (Indonesian: Irian Jaya Barat) is a province of Indonesia on the western end of the island of New Guinea. ... Map showing West Java in Indonesia West Java (Jawa Barat) is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... West Sumatra Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ...

The special territories (daerah istimewa) are Aceh (or Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam) and Yogyakarta. The capital city territory is Jakarta. Aceh (pronounced Ah-chay) is a special territory (daerah istimewa, or special autonomy) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Dutch colonists and the current Indonesian government. ... Map showing Yogyakarta province in Indonesia Yogyakarta is a city, province, and sultanate in Indonesia. ... This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. ...

East Timor was a province of Indonesia from its annexation in 1975 until it became an independent nation in 2002. The Democratic Republic of East Timor, also known officially as Timor Leste is a nation in Southeast Asia, consisting of the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecussi-Ambeno, a political exclave of East Timor situated on the western side of...

Geography

Main article: Geography of Indonesia Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Geographic coordinates: 5 00 S, 120 00 E Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total: 1,919,440 km² land: 1,826,440 km² water: 93,000 km² Land boundaries: total: 2,830 km border countries: Malaysia 1,782...

Indonesia's 18,108 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate. The largest populated islands are Java, where about half of the population lives, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Malaysia and Brunei), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea) and Sulawesi. The country borders Malaysia on the island of Borneo (Indonesian: Kalimantan), Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea and East Timor on the island of Timor. map of Indonesia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: History of the Netherlands Indonesia Islands of Indonesia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... map of Indonesia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: History of the Netherlands Indonesia Islands of Indonesia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... Indonesia is an archipelago made of 18,108 islands, according to satellite images. ... In geography, the equator is an imaginary line drawn around a planet, halfway between the poles, where the surface of the roughly spherical planet is parallel to the axis of rotation. ... The Federation of Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. ... The Sultanate of Brunei, more commonly referred to as Brunei Darussalam or simply Brunei, is an oil-rich country located on the island of Borneo, in southeast Asia. ... New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the worlds second largest island having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known as the Torres Strait flooded around 5000 BC. The name Papua also refers to the island in whole or in part. ... The Independent State of Papua New Guinea, often referred to by just the initials, PNG, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (the other half is the Papua province of Indonesia). ... Map of Sulawesi pictures by Julianto Halim Sulawesi (or Celebes) is a large Indonesian island. ... The Federation of Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. ... Satellite photo of Borneo. ... Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia and a remarkable language in several ways. ... Map of Kalimantan Kalimantan is the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. ... The Independent State of Papua New Guinea, often referred to by just the initials, PNG, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (the other half is the Papua province of Indonesia). ... New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the worlds second largest island having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known as the Torres Strait flooded around 5000 BC. The name Papua also refers to the island in whole or in part. ... The Democratic Republic of East Timor, also known officially as Timor Leste is a nation in Southeast Asia, consisting of the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecussi-Ambeno, a political exclave of East Timor situated on the western side of... Timor is an island at the south of the Malay Archipelago, divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, part of the Indonesian province of Nusa Tenggara Timur with the surface of 11,883 sq mi/ 30,777 km². The name is a variant of timur, Malay...

Its location on the edges of tectonic plates means Indonesia is frequently hit by earthquakes and the resulting tsunamis. Indonesia is also rich in volcanoes, the most famous being the now vanished Krakatau (Krakatoa), which was located between Sumatra and Java. Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998. ... The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ... This article is about volcanoes in geology. ... An early 19th century image of Krakatoa. ... An early 19th century image of Krakatoa. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ... View of the Puncak area in West Java Java (Indonesian: Jawa) is the most populous of Indonesias islands, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...

Flora and fauna differ markedly between Kalimantan, Bali, and western islands on the one hand and Sulawesi, Lombok, and islands further to the east on the other hand. This ecological boundary has been called the Wallace line after its discoverer. Wallaces hypothetical line between Australasian and Southeast Asian fauna. ...

See also: Map of Asia World map showing location of Asia A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Indonesia Indonesia has a market-based economy in which the government plays a significant role. ...

Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, in part as a result of the financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time. The economy has stabilized somewhat since then. Events and trends Technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on IBM... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand, and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices of several Asian countries, many part of the East Asian Tigers. ...

The country has extensive natural resources outside of Java, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Indonesia is the world's second largest exporter of natural gas, though it has recently become a net importer of crude oil. Major agricultural products include rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber. Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 Petroleum (from Latin petrus – rock and oleum – oil), mineral oil, or crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earths... Natural gas rig Natural gas is a gas produced by the anaerobic decay of organic material. ... The word tin is often used to mean a can, even if it does not contain any tin metal. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 , 4, d Density, Hardness 8920 kg/m3, 3. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 (IB), 6, d Density, Hardness 19300 kg/m3, 2. ... Species Oryza barthii Oryza glaberrima Oryza latifolia Oryza longistaminata Oryza punctata Oryza rufipogon Oryza sativa References ITIS 41975 2002-09-22 This article is about the food grain, not the university or Condoleezza Rice; see also rice (disambiguation). ... This article is about the beverage. ... Coffee beans and a cup of coffee Coffee as a drink, usually served hot, is prepared from the roasted seeds (beans) of the coffee plant. ... External links Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Spice Food Bacteria-Spice Survey Shows Why Some Cultures Like It Hot Citat: ...Garlic, onion, allspice and oregano, for example, were found to be the best all-around bacteria killers (they kill everything). ... This article is about the material rubber, for other uses see Rubber (disambiguation) Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. ...

Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, the United States and the surrounding nations of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia. Official language Japanese Capital Tokyo Largest City Tokyo Emperor Akihito Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi Area - Total - % water Ranked 60th 377,835 km² 0. ... National motto: Majulah Singapura (English: Onward, Singapore) Official languages English, Mandarin Chinese, Malay, Tamil Capital Singapore Largest city Singapore Government President Prime minister Westminster (de jure) Dominant-party (de facto) Sellapan Rama Nathan Lee Hsien Loong Area - Total - Water (%) 697. ...

However, though rich in natural and human resources, Indonesia still faces massive problems of poverty due mainly to the rampant massive corruption among the government officials.

The central bank of Indonesia is Bank Indonesia [1] (http://www.bi.go.id) A central bank is an entity responsible for monetary policy of its country (or in the case of the EU, group of member countries). ...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Indonesia Indonesias 221 million people make it the worlds fourth_most populous nation. ...

Indonesia's population can be roughly divided into two groups. In the west of the country, the people are mostly Malay, while the people of the east are Papuan, with roots in the islands of Melanesia. Many Indonesians identify with a more specific ethnic group that is often linked to language and regional origins; examples of these are Javanese, Sundanese, or Batak. Three-quarter scale bronze sculptures 19th C. Malay people, Indonesia, Borneo. ... Melanesia (from Greek black islands) is a region extending from the west Pacific to the Arafura Sea, north and north-east of Australia. ... Javanese language is the spoken language of the people in the central and eastern part of the island of Java, in Indonesia. ... The Sundanese are an ethnic group in the western part of the island of Java in Indonesia. ... Batak designates two distinct peoples, one living in Indonesia, the other in the Philippines. ...

Islam is Indonesia's main religion, with almost 82% of the people adhering to it, making Indonesia the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world. The remainder of the population is Christian (9%), Buddhist (2%), and Hindu (7%). Banda Acehs Grand Mosque in Aceh, Indonesia was built around 12th century. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ...

Most Indonesians speak a local language (bahasa daerah) as their first tongue, but the official national language, Indonesian (also called bahasa Indonesia, and closely related to Malay) is almost universally taught in schools and is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. File links The following pages link to this file: Indonesia ... File links The following pages link to this file: Indonesia ... Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia and a remarkable language in several ways. ... The Malay language, also known locally as Bahasa Melayu, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who are native to the Malay peninsula, southern Thailand, Singapore and parts of Sumatra. ...

Culture

Main article: Culture of Indonesia This article is about the culture of Indonesia. ...

Art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology. This article is in need of attention. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ...

Also well-known are the Javanese and Balinese wayang kulit shadow theatre shows, displaying several mythological events. Several islands are famous for their batik and ikat cloth. Wayang is the Indonesian term for puppet, and the term refers to any and all of the numerous varieties of puppetry found in the archipelago. ... Batik by Janet Whitehead Batik is a wax-resist dyeing technique used on fabric. ... Ikat weaving from the Island of Sumba, Indonesia Ikat is a style of weaving that uses a tie-dye process on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design. ...

Silat is a unique martial art originating from the archipelago. Pencak silat or silat (fighting by using techniques of self-defence) is an Asian martial art with roots in the culture of the Malay people. ...

Miscellaneous topics

Telephones - main lines in use: 3. ... Railways: total: 6,458 km narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1. ... Indonesia is an archipelago made of 18,108 islands, according to satellite images. ... Indonesias armed forces (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia, or TNI, formerly ABRI) total about 250,000 members, including the army, navy, marines, and air force. ... Indonesia is culturally diverse and is home to hundreds of forms of music, with those from the islands of Java, Sumatra and Bali being the most frequently recorded. ... Since independence, Indonesia has espoused a free and active foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. ... Majapahit Heroes Hayam Wuruk Gajah Mada Sabdapalon Jayabaya Indonesian Heroes Diponegoro Tuanku Imam Bonjol Soekarno Mohammad Hatta Abdul Haris Nasution Sultan Sjahrir Entertainment Michelle Branch, singer, part-Indonesian descent Alex and Eddie Van Halen, rock singer, half-Indonesian and Dutch descent Jade Marcela, Hawaiian born porn actress Anggun, singer, Indonesian... Hinduism in Southeast Asia influenced the Champa kingdom in Vietnam, the Srivijayan kingdom on Sumatra, the Singhasari kingdom and the Majapahit Empire based in Java, Bali, and a number of the islands of the Philippine archipelago. ... Convention The conventions of vehicle license plate usage in Indonesia are a legacy of the Dutch occupation era. ... Banda Acehs Grand Mosque in Aceh, Indonesia was built around 12th century. ... Public holidays in Indonesia Categories: Indonesia | Public holidays by country ...

Encyclopedia > Republic of Indonesia