Република Црна Гора
Republika Crna Gora
Republic of Montenegro

Flag Coat of arms
Motto: None
Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro
Capital	Podgorica 42°47′ N 19°28′ E
Largest city	Podgorica
Official language(s)	Serbian
Government • President • Prime Minister	Republic Filip Vujanović Milo Đukanović
Independence	Part of Serbia and Montenegro
Area  - Total    - Water (%)	13,812 km² (157th if ranked) 5,333 sq mi  N/A
Population  - 2003 est.  - Density	616,258 (164th if ranked) 48.7/km² (123rd if ranked) 115.6/sq mi
GDP (PPP)  - Total  - Per capita	2005 estimate ? (?) $3,100 (117 if ranked)
HDI (N/A)	N/A (N/A) – unranked
Currency	Euro (EUR)
Time zone  - Summer (DST)	CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2)
Internet TLD	.yu
Calling code	+831

The Republic of Montenegro (Serbian/Montenegrin: Црна Гора, Crna Gora) is a constituent republic within the state union (political union) of Serbia and Montenegro in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea. By its constitution, Montenegro is defined as a "democratic, welfare, and ecological state" [1]. Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro. ... Flag of Montenegro (2004-present) The flag of Montenegro was changed on July 12th 2004 by the Parliament of Montenegro into a red banner bearing the coat of arms adopted in 1993. ... The Coat of Arms of Montenegro have been passed in the run up to the Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006. ... This page lists state and national mottos for the worlds independent states and their subdivisions. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their official national song. ... Oj, svijetla majska zoro (Oh, bright dawn of May) is the anthem of Montenegro. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir MugoÅ¡a Area  - city  - municipality km² 1,399 km² Population  - city  - municipality 136,473 169,132 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 14th Century Latitude Longitude 42°47 N 19°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica... Demographics of Montenegro (based on the 2003 census) Ethnic map of Montenegro according to the census The 2003 census was undertaken by Montenegro, which, together with Serbia, constitutes Serbia and Montenegro. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir MugoÅ¡a Area  - city  - municipality km² 1,399 km² Population  - city  - municipality 136,473 169,132 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 14th Century Latitude Longitude 42°47 N 19°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect (former standard was known as Serbo-Croatian language). ... President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. ... Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... In a broad definition, a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. ... Filip Vujanović is a politician and the president of Montenegro as of 2004. ... Milo Đukanović (right) talks to William Cohen in Pentagon, Nov. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Map of countries by population This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, estimated for the year 2005. ... List of countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km² The figures in the following table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of world GDP (PPP) by country using the IMF and World Bank lists for 2004 These are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita for the year of 2004, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a... World map indicating HDI of UN member states, 2003. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... World map indicating HDI of UN member states, 2003. ... The euro (plural euro, symbol: €; banking code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union and single currency for over 300 million Europeans in the following twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; collectively also known as... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Daylight saving time (DST), often referred to as daylight savings time, is a widely used system of adjusting the official local time forward, usually one hour, from its official winter standard time for the duration of the spring and summer months. ... Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of UTC+1 time zone, 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC redirects here. ... Time zones of Europe: Pale colours indicate countries without daylight saving Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC redirects here. ... The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ... .yu is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Yugoslavia. ... // At a glance In depth Zone 1 – North American Numbering Plan Area nanpa. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect (former standard was known as Serbo-Croatian language). ... A Political Union is a type of state which is composed of smaller states. ... A Political Union is a type of state which is composed of smaller states. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of south-eastern Europe. ... The Adriatic Sea Source: NASA The Adriatic Sea (Italian Mare Adriatico, German Adriatisches Meer or Adria, Slovenian Jadransko morje or Jadran, Croatian Jadransko more or Jadran, Serbian Јадранско море or Јадран, Albanian Deti Adriatik) is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system... Democracy (from Greek δημοκρατία (demokratia), δημος (demos) the common people + κρατειν (kratein) to rule + the suffix ία (ia), literally the common people rule) is a form of government where the population of a society controls the government. ... It has been suggested that Welfare capitalism be merged into this article or section. ... Environmentalism is the support of or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ...

Crna Gora translates literally to "black mountain", a reference to the dark forests that once covered the slopes of the Dinaric Alps as seen from the coast [2]. The English-language term stems from the Venetian "monte negro," while in Albanian the name is Mali i Zi; both also translate to "black mountain." Other languages use either "Montenegro" or their own translation. this is a really tough assignment and i cant find the dinaric alps ... Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. ...

Throughout a number of centuries Montenegro was a de facto independent principality ruled by a succession of dynasties and rulers. The country obtained de jure international recognition of its independence, following the Eastern Crisis (1875-1878), at the Congress of Berlin. On 28 August 1910, Montenegro's ruler Prince Nikola Petrović Njegoš proclaimed himself King. In 1918, Montenegro's Serb-approved legislature, sitting in Podgorica, voted for Montenegro to become part of Serbia. Montenegrins loyal to King Nicholas rebelled in 1919 and were suppressed by 1924 by the Serbian Army. De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The terms de jure and de facto are used instead of in principle and in practice, respectively, when one is describing political situations. ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers and the Ottoman Empires leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. ... August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... -1... King Nikola I Petrović NjegoÅ¡ Краљ Никола I Петровић Његош (October 7, 1841- March 2, 1921) was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as a king from 1910 to 1918 and as a prince from 1860 to 1910. ...

Between 1945 and 2003, Montenegro was a Republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia respectively. It is now one of two constituent states of the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. On May 21, 2006, Montenegro will hold a referendum to determine whether or not to terminate the union with Serbia. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Area (1991)  - Total  - % water Ranked xxst 255,804 km² Negligible Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Ranked xxth 20,522,972 80/km² Currency Yugoslav dinar Time zone  - in summer CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) National anthem Hej, Sloveni/Slaveni... Official language Serbian written in Cyrillic alphabet1 Capital Belgrade2 President3 Svetozar Marović Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 105th 102,350 km² 0. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...

History

Main article: History of Montenegro

Duklja in the 10th century

The Slav tribes mixed with Illyrians, Avars, and Romans organized into a semi-independent dukedom of Duklja by the 10th century. In 1077, Pope Gregory VII recognized Duklja as an independent state, acknowledging its King Mihailo (Michael) (of the Vojisavljević dynasty founded by nobleman Stefan Vojislav) as rex Doclea (King of Duklja). The kingdom, however, paid tribute to the Byzantine Empire; it gave birth to the later medieval kingdom of Serbian Great Zupan (Serbian: župan) Stefan Nemanja, who originated from Duklja. The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ... Image File history File links Principalities02. ... Image File history File links Principalities02. ... Duklja according to De administrando imperio Duklja/Дукља (Latin: Doclea or Dioclea) was a Slavic medieval state with hereditary lands roughly encompassing the terrotories of the Zeta River, Skadar Lake and the Boka bay and bordering with Travunia at Kotor. ... Duklja according to De administrando imperio Duklja/Дукља (Latin: Doclea or Dioclea) was a Slavic medieval state with hereditary lands roughly encompassing the terrotories of the Zeta River, Skadar Lake and the Boka bay and bordering with Travunia at Kotor. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of... Gregory VII, born Hildebrand (c. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Grand Prince/Duke Stefan Nemanja Stefan Nemanja (Serbian: Стефан Немања Мироточиви), Stefan I (1109-13 February 1199) was the Grand Prince of Rascia (Рашка), located in the central west region of the Balkans from 1166 to 25 March 1196 and founder of the House of Nemanja dynasty. ...

The independent principality of Zeta (which more closely corresponds to the early modern state of Montenegro) asserted itself towards 1360. The Balšić (1360s – 1421) and Crnojević (1421 – 1499) dynasties ruled Zeta; and though the Ottoman Empire controlled the lands to the south and east from the 15th century, it never fully conquered Zeta. Prince Albert of Monaco on the left represents a principality where he wields administrative authority. ... Zeta was one of the first Montenegrin states in the Middle Ages. ... Events October 24 - The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years War. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 Events and Trends William Langland writes Piers Plowman Categories: 1360s ... Events March 21 - Battle of Beaugé. A small French force surprises and defeats an English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy. ... Events March 21 - Battle of Beaugé. A small French force surprises and defeats an English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy. ... 1499 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

In 1516, the secular prince Đurađ Crnojević abdicated in favor of the Archbishop Vavil, who then formed Montenegro into a theocratic state under the rule of the prince-bishop (vladika) of Cetinje, a position held from 1697 by the Petrović-Njegoš family of the Riđani clan. Petar Petrović Njegoš, perhaps the most influential vladika, reigned in the first half of the 19th century. In 1851 Danilo II Petrović Njegoš became vladika, but in 1852 he married, threw off his ecclesiastical character, assuming the title of knjaz (Prince), and transformed his land into a secular principality. // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... ĐuraÄ‘ Crnojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђурађ Црноjeвић, Albanian: Gjergj Cernojeviçi), the son to Ivan Crnojević, was the ruler of the Independent Principality of Zeta between 1490 and 1496, the founder of the first printing house, and identified himself as the Duke of Zeta. During his short-term reign he became famous... The term theocracy is commonly used to describe a form of government in which a religion or faith plays the dominant role. ... [[Image:|200px|Location of Cetinje]] Mayor Milo Janković Area  - city  - municipality km² km² Population  - city  - municipality 14,700 in 2003 18,749 in 2003 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded Unknown Latitude Longitude ° N ° E Area code +381 86 Car plates CT Official Website Map... Events September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 – St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher Polhem starts Swedens first technical school. ... Petar II Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар II Петровић Његош) (November 1, 1813 - October 10, 1851) was one of the greatest Montenegrian poets, ruler of Montenegro and Orthodox Bishop of the Metropolitanate (Bishopric) of Montenegro. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1851 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Danilo II Petrović NjegoÅ¡, (May 25, 1826 – August 13, 1860), Prince Daniel II of Montenegro, was sovereign ruler of Montenegro from 1851 to 1860. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Geography

Main article: Geography of Montenegro The Republic of Montenegro (Serbian: Црна Гора, Crna Gora, meaning black mountain) is a small, mountainous republic on the Balkans, bordering Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and the Adriatic Sea. ...

A detailed map of Montenegro

Municipalities of Montenegro

The principal cities and towns of Montenegro are: the capital Podgorica (136,473 inhabitants), Nikšić (58,212), Pljevlja (21,377), Bijelo Polje (15,883), Herceg Novi (16,493 - incl. Igalo) and Berane (11,776) . The former royal capital and the seat of the throne is Cetinje. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (537x613, 46 KB) Summary Map of Montenegro, adapted and edited from http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (537x613, 46 KB) Summary Map of Montenegro, adapted and edited from http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1092x1333, 458 KB)map of the municipalities of Montenegro (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1092x1333, 458 KB)map of the municipalities of Montenegro (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir MugoÅ¡a Area  - city  - municipality km² 1,399 km² Population  - city  - municipality 136,473 169,132 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 14th Century Latitude Longitude 42°47 N 19°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica... Mayor Labud Sljukić Area km² Population  - city  - district  - density 61,700 in 2003 /km² Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded IV Century AD as Onogost Latitude Longitude 42. ... [[Image:|200px|Location of Pljevlja]] Mayor Radoman Gogić Area  - city  - municipality {{{city}}} km² {{{municipalaty}}} km² Population  - city  - municipality 27,000 in 2003 {{{municipility}}} Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded between VI - VII century Latitude Longitude 43. ... Bijelo Polje is major town in the northern part of Montenegro. ... Mayor Dejan Mandić Area  - city  - municipality km² 235 km² Population  - city  - municipality 16,493(incl. ... Igalo is a town right next to Herceg-Novi and is accessible via the E65/E80 North headed to Dubrovnik, Croatia. ... Mayor Relja Jovancevic Area  - city  - municipality {{{city}}} km² {{{municipalaty}}} km² Population  - city  - municipality 21,000 in 2003 40,900 in 2003 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 1862 Latitude Longitude 42° N 19° E Area code +381 87 Car plates BA Official Website Map of... [[Image:|200px|Location of Cetinje]] Mayor Milo Janković Area  - city  - municipality km² km² Population  - city  - municipality 14,700 in 2003 18,749 in 2003 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded Unknown Latitude Longitude ° N ° E Area code +381 86 Car plates CT Official Website Map...

Internationally, it borders Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania. Within the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro it borders Serbia (including the southern Serbian province Kosovo and Metohia). Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Independence Declared from the Ottoman Empire Gained autonomy 1817 Independence July 13, 1878 Area – Total – % water 88,361 km² n/a Population – Total (2002) (not including data for Kosovo and Metohia Province) – Density 7. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Independence Declared from the Ottoman Empire Gained autonomy 1817 Independence July 13, 1878 Area – Total – % water 88,361 km² n/a Population – Total (2002) (not including data for Kosovo and Metohia Province) – Density 7. ... Kosovo (known in Albanian as Kosova, in Serbian as Косово и Метохија / Kosovo i Metohija, and in English simply as Kosovo) is a province in southern Serbia. ...

The Montenegrin surface ranges from high peaks along its borders with Kosovo and Albania, a segment of the Karst of the western Balkan Peninsula, to a narrow coastal plain that is only one to four miles wide. The plain stops abruptly in the north, where Mount Lovcen and Mount Orjen plunge abruptly into the inlet of the Bay of Kotor. For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... Karst topography occurs when a landscape is marked by underground drainage patterns. ... In geography, a plain is a large area of land with relatively low relief. ... . Mount Lovćen is a mountain located in the southwest of Montenegro. ... Broader region of Orjen and Bay of Kotor. ... Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocca di Cattaro) in Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ...

Montenegro's vast Karst region lies generally at elevations of 1,000 meters (3,281 ft) above sea level - however some parts rise to 2,000 meters (6,560 ft) like Mount Orjen (1,894 m / 6,214 ft), the highest masif among the coastal limestone ranges. Zeta River valley is the lowest segment at an elevation of 500 meters (1,640 ft). The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a meter. ... Broader region of Orjen and Bay of Kotor. ... Zeta is a river in Montenegro. ...

The rough mountains of Montenegro include some of the most rugged terrain in Europe. They average more than 2,000 meters (6,560 ft) in elevation. One of the country's notable peaks is Bobotov Kuk in the Durmitor mountain, which reaches a height of 2,522 meters (8,274 ft). The Montenegrin mountain ranges were among the most ice-eroded parts of the Balkan Peninsula during the last glacial period. Durmitor is a mountain and the name of a national park in Montenegro. ...

• Longest beach: Velika Plaza, Ulcinj - 13,000 meters (8 miles)
• Highest peak: Bobotov Kuk (Durmitor Mt.) - 2,522 meters (8,274 ft)
• Largest lake: Lake Skadar - 391 km² (151 mi²) of surface area
• Deepest canyon: Tara River - 1,300 meters (4,265 ft)
• Biggest bay: Boka Kotorska Bay of Kotor
• National parks: Durmitor - 390 km² (150 mi²), Lovćen - 64 km² (25 mi²), Biogradska Gora - 54 km² (21 mi²), Lake Skadar - 400 km²(154 mi²)
• UNESCO World Heritage sites: Durmitor and Tara River canyon, old city of Kotor.

See also: List of cities in Montenegro Ulcinj (Serbian and Montenegrin: Ulcinj or Улцињ, Albanian: Ulqin, Italian: Dulcigno, Latin: Ulcinium or Olcinium) is a mainly Albanian inhabited coastal town and municipality of the Republic of Montenegro in Serbia and Montenegro. ... Durmitor is a mountain and the name of a national park in Montenegro. ... Skadar Lake (also called Shkodër, Scutari or Skadarsko lake), is a lake on the border of Serbia and Montenegro and Albania, the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ... Tara is a river in Montenegro. ... The bay at San Sebastián, Spain A headland is an area of land adjacent to water on three sides. ... Historic mpap of the Bay, 16th century Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocche di Cattaro) in western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ... Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocca di Cattaro) in Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ... Durmitor is a mountain and the name of a national park in Montenegro. ... Lovćen is a mountain located in the southwest of Montenegro. ... Skadar Lake (also called Shkodër, Scutari or Skadarsko lake), is a lake on the border of Serbia and Montenegro and Albania, the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. ... Site #86: Memphis and its Necropolis, including the Pyramids of Giza (Egypt). ... Durmitor is a mountain and the name of a national park in Montenegro. ... Tara is a river in Montenegro. ... Alley in Kotor Kotor Cathedral View from one of the beaches Kotor is a town in Serbia and Montenegro, located more precisely in southwestern Montenegro; it has a population of 19,000, with a municipality of 23,481 (2003). ... This is a list of cities in Serbia and Montenegro. ...

Demographics

Ethnic map of Montenegro according to the 2003 census

Main article: Demographic history of Montenegro Image File history File links Download high resolution version (929x723, 207 KB)ethnic map of Montenegro (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (929x723, 207 KB)ethnic map of Montenegro (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... This article presents the demographic history of Montenegro through census results. ...

Ethnic composition according to the 2003 census: 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

• Montenegrins: 267,669 (43.16%)
• Serbs: 198,414 (31.99%)
• Bosniaks: 48,184 (7.77%)
• Albanians: 31,163 (5.03%)
• Muslims: 24,625 (3.97%)
• Croats: 6,811 (1.1%)
• Roma and Egyptians: 2,826 (0.46%)

NB: Montenegrin and Serb identities are not exclusive and the size of each group varies with each census, due to political events and as people view themselves, on balance, as more one than the other. A "Montenegrin" may view himself as a "Serb" as well, and vice versa. Of course, in both groups there are those who view themselves as belonging to one group exclusively. Montenegrins are a South Slavic people who are primarily associated with the Republic of Montenegro, a member-state of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Bosniaks (Bosnian: Bošnjaci) are a South Slavic people living chiefly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro. ... Slavic Muslims are Slavs who observe the Islamic faith. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English, and as Tsigany in most of Europe. ...

In the constitution of Montenegro adopted in 1992, the official language of the republic was changed from Serbo-Croat to the Serbian of the Ijekavian standard. As of 2003, 63.5% of the population declare Serbian their mother tongue, while almost 22% declare Montenegrin language. The dialects used are the same, very similar to those used by Serbs, Croats and Muslims in Bosnia and Croatia, with slight nuances. The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect (former standard was known as Serbo-Croatian language). ... Shtokavian (Å tokavian, Å¡tokavski/штокавски) is the primary dialect of the Central South Slavic languages system, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian language. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Motto: none Anthem: Intermeco Capital Sarajevo Largest city Sarajevo Official language(s) Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Government Presidents Prime Minister Federal republic Sulejman Tihić1 (Bosniak) Borislav Paravac (Serb) Ivo Miro Jović (Croat) Adnan Terzic Independence From Yugoslavia Declared 5 April 1992 Area  - Total    - Water (%)   51,129 km² (124th) 19,741...

Over 74% of Montenegrins are Eastern Orthodox Christians. 110,000 Muslims make up 17.74% of Montenegro's population. They are divided into three main groups: ethnic Albanians and Slavic Muslims split among Bosniaks and Montenegrin Muslims. Albanians are a separate group, speaking their own language (5.26%) and living mostly in the south-east, especially in Ulcinj, where they form the majority of the population. Bosniaks are Slavic Muslims speaking the Bosnian language living mostly in the north. Finally, there are a few Croats and Catholic inhabitants, who live mostly in the coastal areas, particularly Boka Kotorska. Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... Bosniaks (Bosnian: Bošnjaci) are a South Slavic people living chiefly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro. ... Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to describe people who spoke Serbo-Croatian language and professed Islam that werent identified as one of the other nations. ... Ulcinj (Serbian and Montenegrin: Ulcinj or Улцињ, Albanian: Ulqin, Italian: Dulcigno, Latin: Ulcinium or Olcinium) is a mainly Albanian inhabited coastal town and municipality of the Republic of Montenegro in Serbia and Montenegro. ... The Bosnian language (bosanski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem, based on the Štokavian dialect. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Historic mpap of the Bay, 16th century Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocche di Cattaro) in western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ...

Union with Serbia

In the last referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia in 1992, 95.96% of the votes were cast for remaining in the federation with Serbia, although the turnout was at 66% because of a boycott by the Muslim and Catholic minorities as well as of pro-independence Montenegrins. Proponents of independence claim that the poll was organized under undemocratic conditions, with widespread propaganda from the state-controlled media in favour of a pro-federation vote. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, in Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic Југославија) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... A boycott is an action undertaken to abstain from using, buying, or dealing with someone or some organisation as an expression of protest or as a means of coercion. ...

In 1996, Milo Đukanović's government severed de facto ties between Montenegro and Serbia (back then still under Milošević). Montenegro formed its own economic policy and switched to using the Deutsche Mark as its currency as proposed by foreign economic advisors at the time. It currently uses the euro, though it is not formally part of the Eurozone. The Serbian Dinar is not legal tender in Montenegro and is only accepted at a few tourist resorts. Milo Đukanović (right) talks to William Cohen in Pentagon, Nov. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Independence Declared from the Ottoman Empire Gained autonomy 1817 Independence July 13, 1878 Area – Total – % water 88,361 km² n/a Population – Total (2002) (not including data for Kosovo and Metohia Province) – Density 7. ... Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević (help· info) (Serbian: , pronounced []); (20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia. ... Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field. ... The Deutsche Mark (DM, DEM) was the official currency of West and, from 1990, unified Germany. ... The euro (plural euro, symbol: €; banking code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union and single currency for over 300 million Europeans in the following twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; collectively also known as... The euro area (also called Eurozone, Eurosystem or Euroland) is the subset of European Union member states which have adopted the euro, creating a currency union. ... The Serbian dinar is the official currency of Serbia, one of the two republics that comprise Serbia-Montenegro. ...

The current and previous government of Montenegro are carrying out pro-independence policies. Political tensions with Serbia still simmer regardless of the recent political changes in Belgrade.

In 2002, Serbia and Montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation. In 2003, the Yugoslav federation was replaced in favour of a looser state union named Serbia and Montenegro and the possible referendum for Montenegro's independence was postponed for a minimum of three years. For the Cusco album, see 2002 (album). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The status of the union between Serbia and Montenegro will be decided by a referendum on Montenegrin independence which will be held on May 21, 2006. This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Symbols

A new official flag of Montenegro was adopted on July 12th 2004 by the Montenegrin legislature. The new flag is based on the personal standard of King Nikola I of Montenegro. It is all red with a gold border with a gold coat of arms of King Nikola I (the initials НI are of King Nikola I in Cyrillic script). Flag of Montenegro (2004-present) The flag of Montenegro was changed on July 12th 2004 by the Parliament of Montenegro into a red banner bearing the coat of arms adopted in 1993. ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... It has been designated the: International Year of Rice (by the United Nations) International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO) 2004 World Health Day topic was Road Safety (by World Health Organization) Year of the Monkey (by the Chinese calendar) See the world in... King Nikola I Petrovic Njegos Краљ Никола I Петровић Његош (October 7, 1841- March 2, 1921) was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as a king from 1910 to 1918 and as a prince from 1860 to 1910. ... King Nikola I Petrovic Njegos Краљ Никола I Петровић Његош (October 7, 1841- March 2, 1921) was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as a king from 1910 to 1918 and as a prince from 1860 to 1910. ...

The national day of 13 July marks the date in 1878 when the Congress of Berlin recognised Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world and the start of the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers on 13 July 1941 in Montenegro. July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers and the Ottoman Empires leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...

In 2004, the Montenegrin legislature selected a popular Montenegrin folk song, "Oh the Bright Dawn of May", as the national anthem. Montenegro's official anthem during the reign of King Nicholas was Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori (To our beautiful Montenegro). The music was composed by the King's son Knjaz Mirko. Oj, svijetla majska zoro (Oh, bright dawn of May) is the anthem of Montenegro. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their official national song. ... Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori (Убавој нам Црној Гори - To Our Beautiful Montenegro) was official anthem of Montenegro in late 19th-early 20th century. ...

Podgorica, Millennium bridge Image File history File linksMetadata MilleniumBridgeNight. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir MugoÅ¡a Area  - city  - municipality km² 1,399 km² Population  - city  - municipality 136,473 169,132 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 14th Century Latitude Longitude 42°47 N 19°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica...	Podgorica, Old bridge over the Ribnica river Image File history File linksMetadata RibnicaBridge. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir MugoÅ¡a Area  - city  - municipality km² 1,399 km² Population  - city  - municipality 136,473 169,132 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 14th Century Latitude Longitude 42°47 N 19°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica...	The Harbor in Budva Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 533 KB) I took this picture in Serbia-Montenegro in 2004. ... Mayor Rajko Kuljača Area  - city  - municipality km² 122 km² Population  - city  - municipality 10,918 15,909 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 5th Century B.C. Latitude Longitude 42°10 N 18°48 E Area code +381 86 Car plates BD Official Website Budva...	Cathedral of Saint Tryphon (Sv. Tripun) in Kotor Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 594 KB) I took this picture in Serbia-Montenegro in 2004. ... Alley in Kotor Kotor Cathedral View from one of the beaches Kotor is a town in Serbia and Montenegro, located more precisely in southwestern Montenegro; it has a population of 19,000, with a municipality of 23,481 (2003). ...
Church in Perast ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 589 KB) I took this picture in Serbia-Montenegro in 2004. ... Church in Perast The two islands off Perast Perast (Italian: Perasto) is an old town in Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor), Montenegro. ...	The two islands off Perast ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 559 KB) I took this picture in Serbia-Montenegro in 2004. ... Church in Perast The two islands off Perast Perast (Italian: Perasto) is an old town in Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor), Montenegro. ...	Mount Lovćen Image File history File links Lovcen. ... Lovćen is a mountain located in the southwest of Montenegro. ...	Durmitor Image File history File linksMetadata Durmitor_-_near_Minin_bogaz. ... Durmitor is a mountain and the name of a national park in Montenegro. ...
Sveti Stefan Image File history File links SvetiStefan. ... St. ...

See also

• Geography of Montenegro
• Economy of Montenegro
• Politics of Montenegro
• Rulers of Montenegro - a list
• History of Montenegro
• Cuisine of Montenegro
• Transportation in Montenegro
• Economy of Serbia and Montenegro
• Transportation in Serbia and Montenegro
• History of Yugoslavia
• History of the Balkans
• Montenegrin perper
• Montenegrin Orthodox Church

The Republic of Montenegro (Serbian: Црна Гора, Crna Gora, meaning black mountain) is a small, mountainous republic on the Balkans, bordering Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and the Adriatic Sea. ... // Vladikas (Prince-Bishops) of Montenegro, from the Petrović-Njeguš Dynasty, 1696-1852 Danilo I 1696-1735 Sava II 1735-1781 Vasilije joint ruler with Sava II 1750-1766 Petar I 1782-1830 Petar II 1830-1851 Danilo II 1851-1852 Princes of Montenegro, 1852-1910 Danilo II 1852-1860 Nikola... The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ... Montenegrin cuisine consists of local dishes from around the country of Montenegro. ... Montenegro road & rail map // Railways total: 250 km standard gauge: (1435 mm) 250km narrow gauge: none Montenegrin part of Belgrade - Bar railway is electrified. ... The economy of Serbia and Montenegro entered a prolonged decline in 1989. ... Serbia, and in particular the valley of Morava is often described as the crossroad between the East and the West, which is one of primary reasons for its turbulent history. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 100 perpers coin, minted in 1910 The perper was the currency of Montenegro between 1906 and 1918. ... The Montenegrin Orthodox Church (MOC) is an officially recognized church in Montenegro which claims to be the sole legitimate Orthodox church of Montenegro. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Montenegro

• Official web site of the Republic of Montenegro
• Visit Montenegro - web site of the National Tourism Organisation of Montenegro
• Discuss travel to Montenegro with travellers
• Uherope - Travel Tips to Montenegro and more
• Official website of Government of the Republic of Montenegro
• Official website of Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro
• Official website of President of the Republic of Montenegro
• Constitution of Montenegro (in Serbian)
• Discover Montenegro - General Site about Montenegro
• Serb land of Montenegro's History
• Montenegro Portal in Montenegrin, English & Slovak
• The Unofficial Guide to Montenegro
• Montenegrins in Australia
• About Montenegro in English
• Montenegro's History
• Montenegrins in Argentina and Latin America
• Discussion Forum for albanians from Albania, Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro (English/Albanian)
• Russian Information Portal about Montenegro (in Russian)
• Travel to Montenegro - Information and Picture Gallery on Montenegro Wild Beauty
• US Consulate for Serbia and Montenegro
• EU Economical Profile of Serbia and Montenegro
• The Royal House of Montenegro
• Montenegro Tourism Directory - Montenegro Tourism and Travel Guide. Everything you need to know before coming to Montenegro
• Best Tourist website for Tourism and Holiday in Montenegro