NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Republic of Panama


Flag	Coat of arms

Motto: Latin: Pro Mundi Beneficio
(English: "For the Benefit of the World")

Anthem: Himno Istmeño

Capital Panama City
8°58′N 79°32′W

Largest city Panama City

Official language(s) Spanish (official), English and indigenous languages on the Caribbean coast

Government constitutional democracy

- President Martín Torrijos

Independence

- from Spain November 28, 1821

- from Colombia November 3, 1903

Area

- Total 75,517 km² (118th)

(29,157 sq mi)

- Water (%) 2.9

Population

- July 2005 est. 3,232,000 (133rd)

- May 2000 census 2,839,177

- Density 43/km² (156th)
(111/sq mi)

GDP (PPP) 2005 estimate

- Total $23.495 billion (105th)

- Per capita $7,283 (83rd)

HDI (2003) 0.804 (56th) – high

Currency Balboa (PAB)

Time zone (UTC-5)

- Summer (DST) (UTC-5)

Internet TLD .pa

Calling code +507

The Republic of Panama (Spanish: Panamá, IPA [re'puβlika ðe pana'ma]), commonly known as Panama, is the southernmost country of Central America. A transcontinental country, its isthmus constitutes the southernmost part of a natural land bridge between the continents of North America and South America. It borders Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Image File history File links Flag_of_Panama. ... Escudo Nacional Panama This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Panama was adopted on December 20, 1903 and provisionally approved in 1904 by the Constituent Assembly. ... Coat of arms of Panama The Panamanian Coat of Arms is a heraldic symbol for the Central American nation of Panama. ... This page lists state and national mottos for the worlds independent states and if applicable, their component states. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognzed either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This is a list of national capitals of the world in alphabetical order. ... This article is about the capital of Panama. ... The culture, customs, and language of the Panamanians are predominantly Caribbean Spanish. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This page lists presidents of Panama since 1903. ... MartÃn Erasto Torrijos Espino (born 18 July 1963, in Panama City) is a Panamanian politician and the current President of Panama. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 kmÂ² and 1000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, using the most recently available official figures. ... World map of the population density in 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/kmÂ². The figures in the following table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). ... In economics, purchasing power parity (PPP) is a theory which says that the long-run equilibrium exchange rate of two currencies is the rate that equalizes the currencies purchasing power. ... Map of world GDP (PPP) by country using the IMF and World Bank lists for 2004 There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita, based on the 2005 IMF data. ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2003) HDI redirects here. ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2003) High human development Medium human development Low human development Unavailable This is a list of countries by Human Development Index (2003), as included in the United Nations Development Programme Report 2005. ... Named in honor of Spanish explorer/conquistador Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa, the balboa is the official currency of Panama. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... It has been suggested that leap second be merged into this article or section. ... Areas that observe daylight saving time Areas that once observed daylight saving time Areas that have never observed daylight saving time A 2001 public service announcement for the upcoming turning back of the clocks Daylight saving time (DST), also known as summer time or daylight savings time, is a widely... It has been suggested that leap second be merged into this article or section. ... The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ... .pa is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Panama. ... A telephone dial This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ... A transcontinental nation is a country belonging to more than one continent. ... The Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

Origin of the name "Panama"

There are various stories about the etymology of the name "Panama". Some say that the name comes from an unspecified indigenous language, from words meaning variously "an abundance of fish" or "an abundance of butterflies". Another humorous tale states that the name comes from the indigenous kuna word "bannaba", meaning "farther that way", which is what the Kunas told explorers looking for gold. "Panama" is also the name of a variety of tree found in the isthmus.

History

Much of Panama's domestic politics and international diplomacy in the 20th century was tied to the Panama Canal and the foreign policy of the United States. At the turn of the 20th century, Theodore Roosevelt pursued United States diplomatic efforts to facilitate a deal with Colombia that would allow it to take over French canal operations started by Ferdinand de Lesseps. In November 1903, a small number of wealthy Panamanian landowners led by a covert Separatist Junta presided by Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, were engaged to secede from Colombia by the United States. Pre-Columbian ceramic figure from Talamancan, Panama Panama had a rich Pre-Colombian heritage of native populations whose presence stretched back over 12,000 years. ... A canal tug, making its way down to the Caribbean end of the canal, waits to be joined by a ship in the uppermost chamber of the Gatun Locks. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... Ferdinand de Lesseps. ... Manuel Amador Guerrero (b. ...

On November 3, 1903, Panama declared its independence from Colombia. The President of the Municipal Council, Demetrio H. Brid, highest authority at the time, became its de facto President, appointing on November 4 a Provisional Government to run the affairs of the new republic. The United States, as the first country to recognize the new Republic of Panama, sent troops to protect its economic interests. The 1904 Constituent Assembly elected Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, a prominent member of the Conservative political party, as the first constitutional President of the Republic of Panama. November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... Demetrio H. Brid (b. ... A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ...

In December 1903 representatives of the republic signed the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty which granted rights to the United States to build and administer indefinitely the Panama Canal, which was opened in 1914. This treaty became a contentious diplomatic issue between the two countries, reaching a boiling point on January 9, 1964: Martyr's Day. These issues were resolved with the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties in 1977. Map of Panama, with Panama canal On November 18, 1903, the United States and the newly independent (since November 3) nation of Panama signed the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... ... Map of Panama, with Panama canal The Torrijos-Carter Treaties (sometimes referred to in the singular as the Torrijos-Carter Treaty), are a pair of treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D. C. on September 7, 1977, abrogating the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty signed in 1903. ...

The original intent of the founding fathers was to bring harmony between the two major political parties (Conservatives and Liberals). The Panamanian government went through periods of political instability and corruption, however, and at various times in its history, the mandate of an elected president terminated prematurely. In 1968, a Coup toppled the government of the recently elected Arnulfo Arias Madrid. Gen. Omar Torrijos eventually became the leading power in the governing military junta, and later became an autocratic strong man until his death in an apparent airplane accident in 1981. After Torrijos's death, power was eventually concentrated in the hands of Gen. Manuel Noriega, a former head of Panama's secret police. Noriega was implicated in drug trafficking by the United States, resulting in difficult relations by the end of the 1980’s. A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid (August 15, 1901 _ August 10, 1988) was president of Panama on three occasions: 1940-41, 1949-51, and for two weeks in October 1968. ... Omar EfraÃn Torrijos Herrera (February 13, 1929 â€“ August 1, 1981) was a Panamanian army officer and the leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) was a Panamanian general and the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989. ...

To remove Gen. Manuel Noriega, on December 20, 1989, the United States invaded Panama in a large military operation involving 25,000 United States troops (see US invasion of Panama). Allegedly, the death of an unarmed U.S. soldier in plain clothes in Panama at a Panamanian Defence Forces roadblock was one of the precipitating causes for the invasion along with drug trafficking charges and Noriega's refusal to hand over power after being defeated in elections. However, according to the Panamanian government at the time, the officer's vehicle attempted to drive through the roadblock, which was located near a sensitive military location. A few hours after the invasion, in a ceremony that took place inside a U.S. military base in the former Panama Canal Zone, Guillermo Endara, the winning candidate in the May 1989 elections, was sworn in as the new president of Panama. The invasion occurred 10 years before the Panama Canal administration was to be turned over to Panamanian control, according to the timetable set up by the Torrijos-Carter Treaties. After the invasion, Noriega sought asylum in the Vatican diplomatic mission represented by Monsignor Jose S. Laboa. To induce Noriega's surrender, US forces played loud music outside the embassy. After a few days, Noriega surrendered to the American military, and was taken to Florida to be formally arrested and charged U.S. federal authorities. He will be eligible for parole in 2007. Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) was a Panamanian general and the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989. ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants United States Panama Commanders General Carl W. Stiner Manuel Noriega Strength 27,684+ 3,000+ Casualties 23 Dead, 324 Wounded 450 Military, 200-4,000 Civilian U.S. Army Rangers prepare to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City, December 1989. ... The Panama Canal Zone (Spanish: ), was a 553 square mile (1,432 kmÂ²) territory inside of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles (8. ... Guillermo David Endara Galimany (born 12 May 1936 in Panama City) is a Panamanian politician. ... Map of Panama, with Panama canal The Torrijos-Carter Treaties (sometimes referred to in the singular as the Torrijos-Carter Treaty), are a pair of treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D. C. on September 7, 1977, abrogating the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty signed in 1903. ... Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) was a Panamanian general and the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989. ... Parole can have different meanings depending on the context. ...

Under the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, the United States returned all canal-related lands to Panama on December 31, 1999, but reserves the right to military intervention in the interest of its national security. Panama also gained control of canal-related buildings and infrastructure as well as full administration of the canal. Map of Panama, with Panama canal The Torrijos-Carter Treaties (sometimes referred to in the singular as the Torrijos-Carter Treaty), are a pair of treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D. C. on September 7, 1977, abrogating the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty signed in 1903. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... A canal tug, making its way down to the Caribbean end of the canal, waits to be joined by a ship in the uppermost chamber of the Gatun Locks. ...

Politics

Politics of Panama takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Panama is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Some factual claims in this article or section need to be verified. ... Republics with presidential systems are shown in blue A presidential system, or a congressional system, is a system of government of a republic where the executive branch is elected separately from the legislative. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... In a broad definition, a republic is a state or country that is led by people whose political power is based on principles that are not beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ... This page lists presidents of Panama since 1903. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The head of government is the leader of the government or cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional), formerly the Legislative Assembly, is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Panama. ... In law, the judiciary or judicature is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, and provide a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ...

Administrative divisions

Panama's political divisions are 9 provinces, 75 districts or municipalities, 5 indigenous Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1409x642, 87 KB) // Summary I am the author of this image file. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1409x642, 87 KB) // Summary I am the author of this image file. ... This is a list of cities in Panama. ...

ChiriquÃ is a province of Panama. ... Bocas del Toro is a province of Panama. ... CoclÃ© is a province of central Panama on the nations southern coast. ... Col n is a province of Panama. ... DariÃ©n is a province in eastern Panama. ... Herrera is a province in Panamá. It was created in 1930 from Los Santos province. ... Los Santos is a province of Panama. ... PanamÃ¡ is a province in PanamÃ¡. The capital is the city of PanamÃ¡. The current governor of the province is Erich RodrÃguez Auerbach. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... EmberÃ¡ is an indigenous territory (a. ... Kuna Yala is an autonomous territory or comarca in Panama, inhabited by the Kuna indigenous people. ... NgÃ¶ble-BuglÃ© is a comarca (roughly, county) in PanamÃ¡. It was formed in 1997 with lands from the provinces of Bocas del Toro, ChiriquÃ, and Veraguas. ...

Geography

Panama is located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica. Its location on the eastern end of the isthmus forming a landbridge connecting Central and South America is strategic. By 1999, Panama controlled the Panama Canal that links the North Atlantic Ocean via the Caribbean Sea with the North Pacific Ocean. Panama is located in Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica. ... Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ... // Ecology A view of the Caribbean Sea from the Dominican Republic coast The Caribbean is home to about 9% of the worlds coral reefs covering about 20,000 square miles, most of which are located off the Caribbean Islands and the Central American coast. ... The Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America. ... Land bridge is essentially a historical term; it refers to dry land exposed during periods of low sea level (see regression), connecting what are now separate continents or islands. ... Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... A canal tug, making its way down to the Caribbean end of the canal, waits to be joined by a ship in the uppermost chamber of the Gatun Locks. ...

A nearly impenetrable jungle forms the Darien Gap between Panama and Colombia. It creates a break in the Pan-American Highway, which otherwise forms a complete road from Alaska to Chile. Darién Gap refers to a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest separating Panama and Colombia. ...

Economy

Panama's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism, due to its key geographic location. The handover of the canal and military installations by the US has given rise to new construction projects. The Martín Torrijos administration has undertaken controversial structural reforms, such as a fiscal reform and a very difficult Social Security Reform. Furthermore, a Referendum[1] had been convened for October 22nd, 2006, to approve or reject the building of a third set of locks for the Panama Canal. The Panamanian currency is the balboa, fixed at parity with the United States dollar. Because of its key geographic location, Panamas economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. ... MartÃn Erasto Torrijos Espino (born 18 July 1963, in Panama City) is a Panamanian politician and the current President of Panama. ... For specific national programs, see Social Security (United States), National insurance (UK), Social Security (Sweden) Social security primarily refers to a field of social welfare concerned with social protection, or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment, families with children and others. ... Named in honor of Spanish explorer/conquistador Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa, the balboa is the official currency of Panama. ... A fixed exchange rate, sometimes (less commonly) called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime wherein a currencys value is matched to the value of another single currency or to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation rate 3. ...

Demographics

The culture, customs, and language of the Panamanians are predominantly Caribbean Spanish. Ethnically, the majority of the population is mestizo or mixed Spanish, Indian, Chinese, and African descent. Spanish is the official and dominant language; English is a common second language spoken by the West Indians and by many in business and the professions. More than half the population lives in the Panama City–Colón metropolitan corridor. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x753, 119 KB) Photo of Colon, Panama, taken 2 January 2000 by User:Stan Shebs File links The following pages link to this file: Panama ColÃ³n, Panama User:Stan Shebs/Gallery/Places ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x753, 119 KB) Photo of Colon, Panama, taken 2 January 2000 by User:Stan Shebs File links The following pages link to this file: Panama ColÃ³n, Panama User:Stan Shebs/Gallery/Places ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 962 KB) May 28, 2005. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 962 KB) May 28, 2005. ... This article is about the capital of Panama. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 567 KB) An example of a traditional Panamanian building near Mi Pueblito in Panama. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 567 KB) An example of a traditional Panamanian building near Mi Pueblito in Panama. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 571 KB) Ancon HIll (May 28, 2005). ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 571 KB) Ancon HIll (May 28, 2005). ... The culture, customs, and language of the Panamanians are predominantly Caribbean Spanish. ... Mestizo (Portuguese, MestiÃ§o; French, MÃ©tis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the capital of Panama. ... ColÃ³n as seen from the ocean in January 2000 ColÃ³n is a sea port city on the Caribbean Sea coast of Panama. ...

The majority of Panamanians are Roman Catholic, accounting for almost 80% of the population. Although the Constitution recognises Catholicism as the religion of the majority, Panama has no official religion. Evangelical Christians are now estimated to be around 10% of the population. Other Protestant churches make up about 4% of the population. Other major religions in Panama are Islam (4.4%), the Bahá'í Faith (1.2%), Buddhism (at least 1%), Judaism (0.4%), and Hinduism (0.3%). The Jewish community in Panama, with over 10,000 members, is by far the biggest in the region (including Central America, Colombia and the Caribbean). Jewish immigration began in the late 19th Century, and at present there are three synagogues in Panama City, as well as three Jewish schools. Within Latin America, Panama has one of the largest Jewish communities in proportion to its population, surpassed by Uruguay and Argentina. Panama's communities of Muslims, East Asians, and South Asians, are also among the largest. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit, as shown in the Biblical account of the Day of Pentecost. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... El Centro Cultural Islamico de Colon Islam in Panama has a long and unique history. ... Seat of the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Israel, governing body of the BahÃ¡Ãs The BahÃ¡Ã Faith is a religion founded by BahÃ¡ullÃ¡h in 19th century Persia. ... A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found from Sarnath, near Varanasi. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Hinduism (Sanskrit: , , also known as , ) is a set of religious traditions that originated mainly in the Indian subcontinent. ...

Panama City hosts one of only seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world. Completed in 1972, it is perched on a high cliff overlooking the canal, and is constructed of local stone laid in a pattern reminiscent of Native American fabric designs. There are currently seven BahÃ¡Ã Houses of Worship around the world, although BahÃ¡Ã communities own many properties where they plan for Houses of Worship to be constructed as the BahÃ¡Ã community grows and develops. ...

Panama, because of its historical reliance on commerce, is above all a melting pot. This is shown, for instance, by its considerable population of Chinese origin, who number around 150,000, or about 5% of the population. (See main article at Chinatowns in Latin America—Panama). Many Chinese immigrated to Panama to help build the Panama Railroad. A term for "corner store" in Panamanian Spanish is el chino, reflecting the fact that many corner stores are owned and run by Chinese immigrants. (Other countries have similar social patterns, for instance, the "Arab" corner store of France.) Overseas Chinese (è¯åƒ‘ in Pinyin: HuÃ¡qiÃ¡o, or è¯èƒž huÃ¡bÄo, or åƒ‘èƒž qiÃ¡obÄo, or è¯è£” huÃ¡yÃ¬) are either ethnic Chinese or people of the Chinese nation (Zhonghua minzu) who live outside of China. ... Chinatowns in Latin America (Spanish: barrios chinos, singular barrio chino) developed with the rise of Chinese immigration in the 19th century to various countries in Latin America as contract laborers (i. ... A store is an enclosure for holding articles. ...

The country is also the smallest in Spanish-speaking Latin America in terms of population, with Uruguay as the second smallest (by almost 400,000). However, since Panama has a higher birth rate, it is likely that in the coming years its population will surpass Uruguay's. EmberÃ¡ is an indigenous territory (a. ... KUNA-LP Channel 15 is a Telemundo affiliate in Indio-Palm Springs, CA. Also owned by KESQ-TV (ABC), KCWB (WB), and KDFX 33 (FOX) KUNA-LP signed on the air as K15EI on May 15, 1996 and switched to KUNA-LP on March 31, 2003. ... Species Naso annulatus Naso brachycentron Naso brevirostris Naso caesius Naso hexacanthus Naso lituratus Naso maculatus Naso unicornis Naso vlamingi For the Ancient Roman author, see Ovid. ... The Bribri are a small indigenous tribe, around 2,521 members, living in the Talamanca canton inside of the LimÃ³n Province in Costa Rica. ...

Culture

Headline text Panamas culture comically seen There are many things seen in panama but this is one of my favorites. ... Panama is a Central American country, inhabited mostly by mestizos (persons of mixed African, European and indigenous ancestry), with a small minority of Africans. ... This is a List of Latin American artists A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A FÃ©lix Arauz - (Ecuador) B Fernando Botero - (Colombia) C Carlos Catasse - (Chile) Hugo Cifuentes - (Ecuador...

Contents

Origin of the name "Panama"

History

Politics

Administrative divisions

Geography

Economy

Demographics

Culture

See also

Sources

External links

Contents

Origin of the name "Panama" GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Politics

Administrative divisions

Geography

Economy

Demographics

Culture

See also

Sources

External links

Origin of the name "Panama"