The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east. This article describes a type of political entity. ... Dymaxion map by Buckminster Fuller shows land mass with minimal distortion as only one continuous continent A continent (Latin continere, to hold together) is a large continuous mass of land on the planet Earth. ... Zambezi River in North Western Zambia The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is a river in Southern Africa. ... The Limpopo river arises in the interior of Africa, and flows generally eastwards towards the Indian ocean. ... The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. ... Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. ... Mozambique is also the name given to a style of music from the 1960s, an advanced rumba by Peyo el AfroCán Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. ...

(In Detail) (In Detail)
National motto: Unity, Freedom, Work
Official language	English
Capital	Harare 17°50′ S 31°03′ E (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=17_50_S_31_03_E_)
President	Robert Mugabe
Area  - Total  - % water	Ranked 59th 390,580 km² 1%
Population - Total (2003) -Density	Ranked 66th 12,576,742 32/km²
Independence - Declared  - Recognised	Rhodesian Civil War (as Rhodesia) Nov. 11, 1965 (as Zimbabwe) Apr. 17, 1980
Currency	Zimbabwe dollar (Z$)
Time zone	UTC +2 (DST, yes or not)
National anthem	Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe ("Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe")
Internet TLD	.zw
Calling Code	263

History

Main article: History of Zimbabwe This is the History of Zimbabwe. ...

Iron Age

Iron Age Bantu-speaking peoples began migrating into the area about 2,000 years ago, including the ancestors of the Shona, who account for roughly four fifths of the country's population today. Ruins at Great Zimbabwe, a Shona-speaking state, attest the existence of a medieval Bantu civilization in the region. Linked to the establishment of trade ties with Muslim merchants on the Indian Ocean coast around the early 10th century, Great Zimbabwe began to develop in the 11th century. The state traded gold, ivory, and copper for cloth and glass. It ceased to be the leading Shona state in the mid-15th century. Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... The Bantu refer to over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, united by a common language family, the Bantu languages, and in many cases common customs. ... Shona (or ChiShona) is a native language of Zimbabwe; the term is also used to identify those Bantu tribes in Southern Africa who speak one of the Shona languages. ... Great Zimbabwe is the name given to the remains of a Southern African ancient city, located in present-day Zimbabwe which was once the centre of a vast empire known as the Munhumutapa Empire (also called Monomotapa Empire) covering the modern states of Zimbabwe (which got its name from this... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ... The Indian Ocean is the third-largest body of water in the world, covering about 20% of the Earths water surface. ... ( 9th century - 10th century - 11th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 (IB), 6, d Density, Hardness 19300 kg/m3, 2. ... Ivory is a hard, white, opaque substance that is the bulk of the teeth and tusks of animals such as the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, mammoth, etc. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 , 4, d Density, Hardness 8920 kg/m3, 3. ... A variety of fabric. ... For eyeglasses, see spectacles. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

As of 1837 the Shona were frequently raided by the Ndebele, led by king Mzilikazi who was fleeing Shaka and his Zulu during the Mfecane, and forced them to pay tribute. Later in the 19th century British and Boer traders, hunters, and missionaries started encroaching on the area. Events January 10 - DePauw University founded in Greencastle, Indiana January 26 - Michigan is admitted as the 26th U.S. state February 8 - Richard Johnson becomes the first Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate February 11 - American Physiological Society organizes in Boston February 13 - Rowland... There are two versions of Ndebele in South Africa, they both belong to the Nguni group of Bantu Languages. ... Mzilikazi (meaning the path of blood) (ca. ... Shaka Shaka (sometimes spelled Chaka) (ca. ... This article is about the African ethnic group. ... Mfecane (isiZulu), also known as the Difaqane or Lifaqane (Sesotho), is an African expression used about chaos and disturbances. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Afrikaners (sometimes known as Boers) are white South Africans, predominantly of Calvinist German, French Huguenot, Friesian and Walloons descent who speak Afrikaans. ...

Colonial Era

In 1888 British imperialist Cecil Rhodes extracted mining rights from king Lobengula of the Ndebele. In 1889 Rhodes obtained a charter for the British South Africa Company, which conquered the Ndebele and their territory (named "Rhodesia" in 1895 after Cecil Rhodes) and promoted the colonization of the region and its land, labor, and precious metal and mineral resources. Both the Ndebele and the Shona staged unsuccessful revolts against white colonialist encroachment on their native lands in 1896-1897. 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Cecil John Rhodes (July 5, 1853 – March 26, 1902) was an English businessman and the effective founder of the state of Rhodesia (which was named after him). ... Lobengula (d. ... Events January-April January 8 - Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine January 22 - Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, DC. February 11 - Japan adopted; 1st Diet convenes in 1890 January 30 ? Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and his mistress Marie Vetsera commit a double suicide in... The British South Africa Company (BSAC) was established by Cecil Rhodes, receiving a royal charter in 1889. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 1 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City. ...

Southern Rhodesia was adminstered by Rhodes' BSAC before becoming a self-governing British colony in 1922. In 1953 the two parts of Rhodesia were united, and combined with Nyasaland, modern day Malawi in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland with a verbal promise from Britain that if the federation ever broke up, Southern Rhodesia would be granted independence. But after its dissolution in 1963 and the government demanded independence for Southern Rhodesia (Rhodesia from 1964) Britain betrayed their promises and bowed to political pressure from Communist influenced Organisation of African Union. 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Republic of Malawi is a land-locked nation in east Africa. ... The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was a short-lived, semi-independent state in southern Africa which existed from 1953 to the end of 1963, comprised of the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland protectorates. ... Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ...

As African majority governments were assuming control in neighboring Northern Rhodesia and in Nyasaland, the white-minority government, led by Ian Smith, declared unilateral independence on November 11, 1965. The United Kingdom called the declaration an act of rebellion but did not reestablish control by force. When negotiations in 1966 and 1968 proved fruitless, the UK requested UN economic sanctions against Rhodesia. The white-minority regime declared itself a republic in 1970. It was only recognised by South Africa. This is about Ian Smith the Rhodesian Prime Minister. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... -1... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization made up of 191 states established in 1945. ... In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. ...

Civil War

As guerrilla activities fighting minority rule intensified, the Smith regime opened negotiations with the leaders of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), led by Robert Mugabe after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo in Zambia in 1975, and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), led by Joshua Nkomo. With his regime near the brink of collapse, Smith in March 1978 signed a desperate accord with three black leaders who offered safeguards for whites headed by Bishop Abel Muzorewa. Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwes, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU. It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomos ZAPU to form Zanu... Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born February 21, 1924) has been the head of government in Zimbabwe, first as Prime Minister and later as first executive President, since 1980. ... Herbert Witshire Chitepo (15th June, 1923 – 18th March, 1975) was a prominent Barrister in Southern Africa who was leader of ZANUs war to liberate Rhodesia from the white-minority government, led by Ian Smith. ... The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union was a political party in Zimbabwe. ... Joshua Nkomo (1918 – July 1, 1999) was a Zimbabwean nationalist leader, an Ndebele, and the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU). ... For alternative meanings, see March (disambiguation). ... Events January January 1 - The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law. ... Abel Muzorewa Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (born 1925), Methodist bishop and nationalist leader, was prime minister of the short_lived coalition government in what was called Zimbabwe Rhodesia. ...

Muzorewa, who not only had the support of Smith but with the white-minority regime in South Africa as well, lacked credibility among significant sectors of the African population. The Muzorewa government soon faltered. In 1979 the British Government asked all parties to come to Lancaster House in an attempt to negotiate a settlement in the civil war. 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... The Lancaster House Agreement was the independence agreement for Rhodesia, nowadays known as Zimbabwe. ...

Independence

Following the conference, held in London (1979-1980), Britain's Lord Soames was appointed governor to oversee the disarming of revolutionary guerrillas, the holding of elections, and the granting of independence to an uneasy coalition government with Joshua Nkomo, head of Zimbabwe African People's Union. In the free elections of February 1980, Mugabe and his Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) won a landslide victory. Mugabe has won reelection ever since. 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Arthur Christopher John Soames, Baron Soames (October 12, 1920-September 16, 1987) was the last Governor of Zimbabwe. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwes, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU. It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomos ZAPU to form Zanu...

In 1982 Nkomo was ousted from his cabinet, sparking fighting (known as the Gukurahundi) between ZAPU supporters in the southern Ndebele-speaking region of the country and the ruling ZANU. The fighting was marked by a genocide of the Ndebele people by ZANU's infamous Fifth Brigade, headed by Colonel Perence Shiri. Ultimately, Nkomo had no choice but to sign a peace accord in 1987, resulting in ZAPU's merger (1988) into the ZANU Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). Gukurahundi is a traditional term in Shona (one of Zimbabwes native languages), which means the early rain which washes away the chaff before the spring rains. The chaff, i. ... The Fifth Brigade was an elite unit of specially-trained Zimbabwean soldiers. ... Perence Shiri, Air Marshall and Commander of the Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ). ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980, led by Robert Mugabe, first as Prime Minister with the party simply known as ZANU, and then as President from 1988 after taking over ZAPU and renaming the party ZANU...

The drought in southern Africa, perhaps the worst of the century, affected Zimbabwe so severely that a national disaster was declared in 1992. The drought compounded the country's debt crisis, and the ensuing IMF-backed economic adjustment and austerity program caused further widespread hardship. A drought is an extended period where water availability falls below the statistical requirements for a region. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing global financial system‘s current trade account balances of member states. ...

Despite majority rule, whites made up less than 1% of the population but held 70% of the country's commercially viable arable land, of which 80% had been purchased legally since independence in 1980. Land redistribution reemerged as the political issue beginning in 1999. Majoritarianism (often also called majority rule) is a political philosophy or agenda which asserts that a majority (sometimes categorized by religion, language or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right to make decisions that affect the... In geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to plough ) is a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be (and is) used for growing crops. ...

In the aftermath of Mugabe's handling of the land crisis, which moved to redistribute land to blacks, Zimbabwe was suspended from the Commonwealth of Nations on charges of human rights abuses and of election tampering in 2002. Later, Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth. Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born February 21, 1924) has been the head of government in Zimbabwe, first as Prime Minister and later as first executive President, since 1980. ... Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, most of which were once governed by the United Kingdom and are its former colonies. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... This article is about the political process. ...

The UN has recently estimated that 34% of the population has HIV/AIDS, probably the highest in the world, compared to about 0.65% average in the world. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a frequently mutating retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and which has been shown to cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). ... AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, sometimes written Aids) is a human disease characterized by progressive destruction of the bodys immune system. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Zimbabwe Government According to Zimbabwes Constitution, the president is head of state and head of government, elected for a 6-year term by popular majority vote. ...

Zimbabwe is a republic, with an executive president and a unicameral parliament, known as the House of Assembly. Robert Mugabe, elected Prime Minister in 1980, revised the constitution in 1987 to make himself President, and in 1990 to abolish the Senate. Mugabe and his party have won every election since coming to power. Presidential elections were last held in 2002 amid allegations of vote-rigging, intimidation, and fraud. The next Presidential elections are to be held 2008. The major opposition Party is the Movement for Democratic Change. In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. ... An Excutive president is a president who exercises active executive power in a presidential system of government. ... Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... Alternative meanings: Parliamentary system, Parliament (band), Parliament (cigarette). ... House of Assembly is a name given to the legislature or lower house of a bicameral legislature, in some countries, often at subnational level. ... An organizations constitution defines its form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... 2008 is a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) was founded in 1999 as the official opposition party to the Zanu-PF party led by Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe. ...

The 2005 Zimbabwe parliamentary elections were held on March 31. Evidence of widespread rigging is surfacing already and the Archbishop Pius Ncube has called for a peaceful, Orange revolution-like uprising. Poster of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change accusing the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front of election fraud Parliamentary elections were held in Zimbabwe on March 31, 2005. ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years). ... Pius Ncube Pius Ncube (1956 - ) is the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, widely known as a human rights advocate and an outspoken critic of President Robert Mugabe. ... Orange-clad supporters of Viktor Yushchenko gather in Independence Square in Kiev. ...

Education

Zimbabwe had a literacy rate of 90% in 2000, the highest in Africa. Zimbabwe had a Adult literacy rate (Percentage of persons aged 15 and over who can read and write), male of 93% (2000). Comparison with other SADC countries in 2004 is as follows: Zimbabwe, 90%, South Africa, 86%, Zambia, 79.9%, Swaziland, 80.9%, Namibia, 83.3%, Lesotho, 81.4%, Botswana, 78.9%, Tanzania, 77.1%, Malawi, 61.8%, Mozambique, 46.5%. The Southern African Development Community is an organization that aims to promote Southern African regional cooperation in economic development. ... Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. ... The Kingdom of Swaziland is a small country in southern Africa, embedded between South Africa in the west and Mozambique in the east. ... The Republic of Namibia is a country in southwestern Africa, on the Atlantic coast. ... The Kingdom of Lesotho (Muso oa Lesotho) is a country in southern Africa. ... The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. ... The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. ... The Republic of Malawi is a land-locked nation in east Africa. ... Mozambique is also the name given to a style of music from the 1960s, an advanced rumba by Peyo el AfroCán Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. ...

This is due to the support of various partners. Despite the suspension of lending, the technical relationship with the World Bank remains strong in social protection, resulting in its assistance in a major redesign of the Ministry of Public Service, Labor and Social Welfare (MPSLSW), (together with the National Aids Council) targeted school-fee waiver program, the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM), which relies on geographic and community-based structures to identify the most needy students. [1]  (http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/zimbabwe_statistics.html) [2] (http://www.cso.gov.bw/html/liter_survey.htm) [3] (http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000887/P1006-Zimbabwe_CAE_May2004.pdf)

Provinces

Main article: Provinces of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities with provincial status: Bulawayo (city) Harare (city) Manicaland Mashonaland Central Mashonaland East Mashonaland West Masvingo Matabeleland North Matabeleland South Midlands. ...

Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities with provincial status: Bulawayo (city), Harare (city), Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, and Midlands. The City of Bulawayo is highlighted in this map of Zimbabwe. ... Harare (formerly Salisbury), estimated population 1,485,615 (1992), is the capital of Zimbabwe. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Provinces of Zimbabwe ...

Geography

Map of Zimbabwe

Main article: Geography of Zimbabwe map of Zimbabwe, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Zimbabwe Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... map of Zimbabwe, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Zimbabwe Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... Location: Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia Geographic coordinates: 20 00 S, 30 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 409,542km² land: 386,670 km² water: 3,910 km² Area - comparative: slightly larger than Montana Land boundaries: total: 3,066 km border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1...

Zimbabwe is a land-locked country, surrounded by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The northwestern border is defined by the Zambezi River. Victoria Falls, the world's largest waterfall, is a popular tourist destination on the Zambezi. The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. ... Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. ... Mozambique is also the name given to a style of music from the 1960s, an advanced rumba by Peyo el AfroCán Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. ... Zambezi River in North Western Zambia The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is a river in Southern Africa. ... Victoria Falls Victoria Falls is one of the worlds most spectacular waterfalls. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Zimbabwe Properly managed, Zimbabwes wide range of resources should enable it to support continuing economic growth. ...

The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles to consolidate earlier progress in developing a market-oriented economy. Its involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF suffers delays in part because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998 to 59% in 1999 and to 600% in 2003. The economy is being steadily weakened by AIDS; Zimbabwe has the highest rate of infection in the world which is a major problem for the country. A market economy is a term used to describe an economy where economic decisions, such as pricing of goods and services, are made in a decentralized manner by the economys participants and manifested by trade. ... The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a nation in central Africa and the third largest country on the continent. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing global financial system‘s current trade account balances of member states. ... Inflation rates of five core members of the G8 from 1950 to 1994. ... AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, sometimes written Aids) is a human disease characterized by progressive destruction of the bodys immune system. ...

The destruction of much of Zimbabwe's agricultural base through the seizing of mainly white-owned farms throughout 1999 and 2000 has ruined the Zimbabwean economy. Many of the dispossessed Zimbabwean farmers moved to neighboring southern African countries. The political situation makes it unlikely that the West will be inclined to do much more than provide humanitarian assistance.

The lack of foreign currency, as well as the difference between the official exchange rate (officially 5300 to the US$, while 7500 to the dollar is available on the black market) have resulted in fuel shortages and a lack of basic supplies. In 2003 Libya supplied fuel, partially in exchange for land, but Zimbabwe could not meet the basic payments, and supplies stopped. In finance, the exchange rate between two currencies specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. ... The black market is the sector of economic activity involving illegal economic dealings, typically the buying and selling of merchandise illegally. ... The Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya or Libya (Arabic: ليبيا) is a country in North Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, located between Egypt on the east, Sudan on the southeast, Chad and Niger on the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. ...

In 2004 a system of auctioning scarce foreign currency for importers was introduced, bringing more rationality to exchange rates.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Zimbabwe Population: 12,576,742 (July, 2003 est. ...

Culture

Main article: Culture of Zimbabwe Categories: Pages needing attention | Africa-related stubs | Zimbabwe | African culture ...

Zimbabwe celebrates its national holiday on April 18. A national holiday is a statutory holiday enacted by a country to commemorate the country itself. ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ...

• Music of Zimbabwe
• List of writers from Zimbabwe

Zimbabwean music includes folk and pop styles, much of it based on the well-known instrument the mbira. ... African Writers (by country): This is a list of literary figures from the African continent, listed by country, including poets, novelists, childrens writers, essayists, and scholars, listed by country. ...

Miscellaneous topics

• Communications in Zimbabwe
• Transportation in Zimbabwe
• Military of Zimbabwe
• List of cities in Zimbabwe
• Place names in Zimbabwe
• Land reform in Zimbabwe
• Foreign relations of Zimbabwe
• Reporters without borders World-wide press freedom index 2002: Rank 122 out of 139 countries

All journalists are prevented from reporting from within the country by the Zanu-PF elite. ... Railways: total: 3,077 km (2002), 2,759 km (1995) narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1. ... At independence, then Prime Minster Mugabe declared that integrating Zimbabwes then three armed forces would be one of Zimbabwes top priorities. ... This is a list of cities in Zimbabwe. ... Following independence in 1980, Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) began renaming cities, towns and streets, in an attempt to eradicate symbols of British colonialism and white minority rule, starting in 1982, on the second anniversary of independence. ... In Zimbabwe, the question of land distribution and redistribution is perhaps the most crucial and the most bitterly contested political issue today. ... Since independence, Zimbabwe has enunciated and follows a policy of active nonalignment. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB ( French: Reporters sans frontières, or RSF) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to freedom of the press. ...

External links

• RSF report on Zimbabwe from 2003 (http://www.rsf.fr/article.php3?id_article=6390&var_recherche=Zimbabwe)
• Amnesty International (Zimbabwe) (http://www.amnesty.ca/zimbabwe/)
• Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (http://www.hrforumzim.com/)
• ZIMBABWE Information and Links (http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/)
• CIA World Factbook - Zimbabwe (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/zi.html)
• LookSmart - Zimbabwe (http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us559898/us559899/us10065675/us559966/) directory category
• Open Directory Project - Zimbabwe (http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Zimbabwe/) directory category
• Yahoo! - Zimbabwe (http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Zimbabwe/) directory category
• AllAfrica.com - Zimbabwe (http://allafrica.com/zimbabwe/) news headline links