Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) is a country in the Caucasus, in the crossroads of Europe and Southwest Asia, with an east coast on the Caspian Sea. It borders Russia on the north, Georgia and Armenia on the west, and Iran on the south. The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (an exclave of Azerbaijan) borders Armenia on the north, Iran on the south, and Turkey on the west. Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Caucasus is a region in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe ( European Russia). ... Georgia ( Georgian: საქართველო Sakartvelo), known from 1991 to 1995 as the Republic of Georgia, is a country to the east of the Black Sea in the southern Caucasus. ... Armenia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in southwestern Asia. ... Map of Azerbaijan, showing Naxçıvan to the bottom-left Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (or Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is an exclave of Azerbaijan. ... D is Bs exclave, but is not an enclave. ...

The country is formally named the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası). Azerbaijan is a secular state, and has been a member of the Council of Europe since 2001. The majority of the population are Muslim of Turkic descent. The country is formally an emerging democracy, however with strong authoritarian rule. Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Palace of Europe in Strasbourg The Council of Europe is an international organisation of 46 member states in the European region. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... This is the disambiguation page for the terms Turk, Turkey, Turkic, and Turkish. ... This article deals with democracy in its modern sense. ... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ...

(In Detail) (Full size)
National motto: None
Official language	Azerbaijani
Capital	Baku
Capital's coordinates	40°22′ N 49°53′ E (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=40_22_N_49_53_E_)
President	Ilham Aliyev
Prime Minister	Artur Rasizade
Area  – Total  – % water	Ranked 111th 86,600 km² Negligible
Population  – Total  – Density	Ranked 89th  7,868,385 (July 2004 E)  90/km².
Independence  – Date	From Soviet Union  30 August 1991
Currency	Manat (AZM)
Time zone	UTC +4 (DST +5)
National anthem	National Anthem of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Internet TLD	.az
Calling Code	994

The blue represents the Turks The red represents modernisation The green represents Islam The crescent and star is the symbol of the Turks, and the eight-pointed star represents the eight Turkish peoples of Azerbaijan. ... Coat of Arms of Azerbaijan. ... Flag Ratio 1:2 The Flag of Azerbaijan consists of three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band. ... Azerbaijan mixes traditional and modern symbols. ... A motto is a phrase or collection of words intended to describe the motivation or intention of a sociological grouping or organization. ... This country locator map was created by Vardion and is released into the public domain. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Baku (or Bakı (Baky) pronounced ba-KEY, Баку or Bakı in Azeri, باکو (Baku) in Persian) is the capital of Azerbaijan Republic. ... See Cartesian coordinate system or Coordinates (elementary mathematics) for a more elementary introduction to this topic. ... The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government. ... Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev) (born December 24, 1961) is the president of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party (since 2003). ... Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizade (born 1935) is the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people—or organisms of a particular species—living in a given geographic area. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ... Estimation is approximate or uncertain calculation of a result, often based on approximate, uncertain, incomplete, or noisy inputs. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (СССР)  listen?; tr. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... Manat is: The currency unit of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan; see Manat (Azerbaijan) and Manat (Turkmenistan). ... -1... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Daylight saving time (also called DST, or Summer Time) is the portion of the year in which a regions local time is advanced by (usually) one hour from its standard official time. ... The National Anthem is the name of a song by the band Radiohead. ... National Anthem of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Himni in Azeri) is the national anthem of Azerbaijan, and the original title of this anthem is March of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan marşı). ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .az is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Azerbaijan. ...

Origin and history of the name

There are several hypotheses regarding the origins of the name "Azerbaijan." The most common theory is that it is derived from "Atropatan." Atropat was the satrap at the time of the Iranian Achaemenid dynasty, and gained independence after Alexander the Great destroyed the Achaemenids. The region was known as Media Atropatia or Atropatene at the time. Satrap (Greek σατράπης satrápēs, from Old Persian xšaθrapā(van), i. ... Achaemenid empire in its highest extent The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius the Great and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly encompassing some parts of todays Iraq... Bust of Alexander III in the British Museum. ... The Medes were an Iranian people of Aryan origin who lived in the western and north-western portion of present-day Iran. ... Azerbaijan or Azerbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan, Azərbeycan) is a country in the Caucaus region, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. ...

There are also alternative opinions that the term is a slight Turkification of Azarbaijan, in turn an Arabicized version of the original Persian name Azarpayagan, made up of azar+payag+an (azar=fire; payag=base; an=suffix of location); that it traditionally means "the land of eternal flames" or "the land of fire." Some Azeri historians also contend that the name is made up of four Azerbaijani components: az+er+bay+can, which means "the land of the brave Az people" or "an elevated place for the wealthy and exalted." Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

Historically, the territory of the present-day Azerbaijan Republic, also referred to as North Azerbaijan, has also been called Arran, named after Arran, a legendary founder of Caucasian Albania. However, the precise location identified by this name has shifted somewhat over time, currently referring to the lowland Karabakh plains situated between the Kura and Araks rivers. Aran or Arran, the same as, or overlapping, Caucasian Albania, is the name of a region in Caucasus which since 1918 has become the Republic of Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan SSR. This new name was taken from the name of the Iranian province of Azarbaijan by the Ottoman empire and was... Caucasian Albania (or Aghbania) was an ancient state that covered what is now southern Dagestan and most of todays Azerbaijan of the Caucasus. ... Kura (Georgian Mtkvari, Azerbaijani Kür) is a river in the Caucasus Mountains. ... Aras, Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz (Persian: ارس, Azerbaijani: Araz), is a river rising in Anatolia in Turkey, flowing along the Turkey-Armenia border, then along the Iran border, entering Azerbaijan, and falling into Kura river as a right tributary. ...

History

Main article: History of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan or Azerbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is a historical country and territory situated in a crossroads between Eastern Europe and western Asia, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. ...

Historically Azerbaijan has been occupied by a variety of peoples, including Persians, Romans, Arabs, Turks, Mongols and Russians. The first state to emerge in the territory of present-day Republic of Azerbaijan was Caucasian Albania. It was established in the 4th century BC and included the approximate territories of present-day Azerbaijan and southern parts of Dagestan. Islam spread in Azerbaijan following the Arab conquests in the 7th–8th centuries. In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks became the dominant force in Azerbaijan and laid the ethnic foundation of contemporary Azerbaijanis. In the 13–14th centuries, the country experienced Mongol-Tatar invasions. This article is about the Persians, an ethnic group. ... The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Areas settled by Turkic peoples in the late 19th and early 20th century The Turkic people are any of various peoples whose members speak languages in the Turkic family of languages. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Russians (Русские - Russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. ... Caucasian Albania (or Aghbania) was an ancient state that covered what is now southern Dagestan and most of todays Azerbaijan of the Caucasus. ... (5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Kingdom of Macedon conquers Persian empire Romans build first aqueduct Chinese use bellows The Scythians are beginning to be absorbed into the Sarmatian... The Republic of Dagestan ( Russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... ( 6th century - 7th century - 8th century - other centuries) Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Arabs subjugate Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa and Central Asia to Islam. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... The Seljuk Turks (Turkish: Selçuk; Arabic: سلجوق Saljūq, السلاجقة al-Salājiqa; Persian: سلجوقيان Saljūqiyān; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that occupied parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. ... Azerbaijanis (sometimes described as Azerbaijani Turks or Azeris) are a people numbering more than 25 million worldwide. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The term Tatar may refer to A member of the Tatars, Crimean Tatars Tatar language, Crimean Tatar language Native people of Crimea, Tatarstan See also: Turkic peoples, Turkic languages. ...

Azerbaijan was part of the Safavid state in 15th–18th centuries. It also underwent a brief period of feudal fragmentation in the mid-18th to early 19th centuries, and consisted of independent khanates. Following the two wars between the Qajar dynasty of Iran and the Russian Empire, Azerbaijan was acquired by Russia through the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828. The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persias official religion. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925. ... Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in southwestern Asia. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Gulistan Peace Treaty of 1813, a peace treaty between imperial Russia and Persia, signed on October 24 (November 5) in a village of Gulistan in Karabakh at the end of the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Treaty of Turkmenchay (also Turkmenchai, Torkamanchay) was signed on February 10, 1828 between Persia (now Iran) and Russia. ... Events January 4 - The Vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle as Prime Minister of France. ...

After the collapse of the Russian Empire during World War I, Azerbaijan declared independence and established the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. This first Muslim republic in the world existed only two years in 1918–1920 before the Soviet Red Army invaded Azerbaijan. Subsequently, Azerbaijan became part of the Soviet Union. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Soviet redirects here. ... Red Army flag The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya in Russian), the armed forces organised by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (СССР)  listen?; tr. ...

Azerbaijan re-established its independence upon the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a cease-fire, in place since 1994, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian-populated). Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 800,000 refugees and internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict. An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... Armenia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... Power lines leading to a trash dump hover just overhead in El Carpio, a Nicaraguan refugee camp in Costa Rica Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her... Power lines leading to a trash dump hover just overhead in El Carpio, a Nicaraguan refugee camp in Costa Rica Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Azerbaijan The Government of Azerbaijan consists of three branches: The executive branch, made up of the President, his Apparat, a Prime Minister, and the Cabinet of Ministers; The legislative branch, consisting of the 125-member Parliament (Milli Majlis). ...

Azerbaijan is a presidential republic. The head of state and head of government are separate from the country's law-making body. The people elect the president for a five-year term of office. The president appoints all cabinet-level government administrators. A fifty-member national assembly makes the country's laws. The people of Azerbaijan elect the National Assembly. Azerbaijan has universal suffrage above the age of eighteen. However, the Azerbaijani government has been accused of widespread corruption (a kleptocracy, to some people). A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the countrys... The head of government is the leader of the government or cabinet. ... The country of Azerbaijan is a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government. ... Alternate meanings in cabinet (disambiguation) A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... The National Assembly is the name of either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. ... Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of voting privileges to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief or social status. ... Kleptocracy (sometimes Cleptocracy) (root: Klepto+cracy) literally means rule by thieves. ...

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan is divided into: 59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities* (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika); All listed are rayons (with Rayonu after their name) unless otherwise noted. ...

Azerbaijan is divided into:

• 59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon – singular),
• 11 cities* (şəhərlər; şəhər – singular),
• 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika);

Absheron Rayonu, Agjabedi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdash Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Ali Bayramli Sahari*, Astara Rayonu, Baku Sahari*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Jabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Dashkasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fizuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Ganja Sahari*, Goranboy Rayonu, Goychay Rayonu, Hajigabul Rayonu, Imishli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbajar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lachin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lankaran Sahari*, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Mingechevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic**, Neftchala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Gabala Rayonu, Gakh Rayonu, Gazakh Rayonu, Gobustan Rayonu, Guba Rayonu, Gubadly Rayonu, Gusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Sheki Rayonu, Sheki Sahari*, Salyan Rayonu, Shamakhy Rayonu, Shamkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Sumqayit Sahari*, Shusha Rayonu, Shusha Sahari*, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ujar Rayonu, Khachmaz Rayonu, Khankendi Sahari*, Khanlar Rayonu, Khizi Rayonu, Khojaly Rayonu, Khojavend Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu, Yevlakh Rayonu, Yevlakh Sahari*, Zangilan Rayonu, Zagatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu. A raion (or rayon) ( Russian and Ukrainian: райо́н; Belarusian раён), is a subnational entity of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Latvia, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union. ... A city is an urban area, differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ... In its final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR), often called simply Soviet republics. ... Apsheron (Abseron Yasaqligi) is a peninsula and a Rayon in eastern Caucasus in the historical region of Arran. ... Agcabadi is a rayon in central Azerbaijan. ... Agdam is a rayon in southwestern Azerbaijan. ... Agdas is a rayon in central Azerbaijan. ... Agstafa is a rayon in northwestern Azerbaijan. ... Agsu is a rayon in central Azerbaijan. ... Ali Bayramli is a sahar of Azerbaijan. ... Astara is also the name of a rayon in Azerbaijan, see Iranian province of Gilan. ... Baku (or Bakı (Baky) pronounced ba-KEY, Баку or Bakı in Azeri, باکو (Baku) in Persian) is the capital of Azerbaijan Republic. ... Balakan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Beylaqan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Bilasuvar is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Cabrayil is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Calilabad is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Daskasan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Davaci is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Fizuli is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Gadabay is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Ganja (Gəncə or Ҝәнҹә) is an ancient town now in the Republic of Azerbaijan. ... Goranboy is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Goycay is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Haciqabul is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Imisli is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Ismayilli is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Kalbacar is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Kurdamir is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Lacin is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Lankaran is a sahar (city) in Azerbaijan. ... Lankaran is a sahar (city) in Azerbaijan. ... Lerik is a town and rayon in southern Azerbaijan, near the Iranian border. ... Masalli is a rayon of Azerbaijan Republic. ... Mingaçevir, sometimes spelled Mingechevir, is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan with a population of about 100,000. ... Naftalan is a sahar (city) in Azerbaijan. ... Map of Azerbaijan, showing Naxçıvan to the bottom-left Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (or Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is an exclave of Azerbaijan. ... Neftcala is a city and rayon on the shores of the Caspian Sea. ... Oguz is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Gabala is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Qax is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Qazax is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Qobustan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Quba (also known as Guba and Kuba) is a city and a rayon in northeastern Azerbaijan. ... Qubadli is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Qusar is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Saatli is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Sabirabad is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... General Outline One of the most ancient settlements and cultural centres of Azerbaijan, Sheki was founded more than 2700 years ago at the southern slopes of the Major Caucasus Mountains Chain (370 kilometres to the north-west from Baku). ... General Outline One of the most ancient settlements and cultural centres of Azerbaijan, Sheki was founded more than 2700 years ago at the southern slopes of the Major Caucasus Mountains Chain (370 kilometres to the north-west from Baku). ... Salyan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Samaxi is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Samkir is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Samux is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Cities in Azerbaijan | Rayons of Azerbaijan ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Cities in Azerbaijan ... Shusha (Azeri: Şuşa ) is a town in Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. ... Shusha (Azeri: Şuşa ) is a town in Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. ... Tartar refers to: the Tatars, an ethnic group in present-day Russia (this term formerly extended to nearly all Central Asian and Mongolian ethnic groups) Mongolian tribe Tartars in 12th century hardened dental plaque (see calculus (dental)). You may also be looking for: tartar sauce, salts of tartaric acid: cream... Tovuz is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Ucar is a rayon, situated to the south of Goycay, in the centre of Azerbaijan. ... Xacmaz is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Map of Azerbaijan showing town of Khankedi Khankendi (Stepanakert) is a town in Azerbaijan 350 km west of the capital Baku. ... Xanlar is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Xizi is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Map of Azerbaijan showing Khojaly rayon Khojaly is a town and a rayon in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. ... Xocavand is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Yardimli is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Yevlakh (Azeri: Yevlax) is a small town in Azerbaijan, 265 km west of capital Baku. ... Yevlakh (Azeri: Yevlax) is a small town in Azerbaijan, 265 km west of capital Baku. ... Zangilan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Zaqatala is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Cities in Azerbaijan | Rayons of Azerbaijan ...

Geography

Map of Azerbaijan

Main article: Geography of Azerbaijan Map of Azerbaijan. ... Map of Azerbaijan. ... Map of Azerbaijan with cities This article describes the geography of Azerbaijan. ...

Azerbaijan has a arid climate, except in the southeast near Gilan. Temperatures vary by season. In the southeast lowland, temperatures average 6°C (43°F) in the winter and 26°C (80°F) in the summer - though daily maxima typically reach 32°C (89°F). In the northern and western mountain ranges, temperatures average 12°C (55°F) in the summer and -9°C (20°F) in the winter. A dune in the Egyptian desert In geography, a desert is a landscape form or region that receives little precipitation. ... Map of the climate of the Earth The climate (ancient Greek: κλίμα) is the weather averaged over a long period of time. ... Guilan (گیلان in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran, during antique time known as part of Hyrcania, with a population of approximately 2 million and an area of 14,700 sq. ... The most general definition of mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ...

Annual rainfall over most of the country varies from 200 to 400mm (8 to 16 inches) and is generally lowest in the northeast. In the far southeast, however, the climate is much moister and annual rainfall can be as high as 1300mm (51 inches). For most of the country, the wettest periods are in spring and autumn, with summers being the driest.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan is an economy in transition in which the state continues to play a dominant role. ...

The economy is largely based on industry. Industries include machine building, oil and other mining, petroleum refining, textile production, and chemical processing. Agriculture accounts for one-third of Azerbaijan's economy. Most of the nation's farms are irrigated. In the lowlands, farmers grow such crops as cotton, fruit, grain, tea, tobacco, and many types of vegetables. Silkworms are raised for the production of natural silk for the clothing industry. Azerbaijan's herders raise cattle, sheep and goats near the mountain ranges. Seafood and fish are caught in the nearby Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan has a highly dynamic economy, mainly because of oil, and has a GDP growth of up to 11% a year. An industry is generally any grouping of businesses that share a common method of generating profits, such as the movie industry, the automobile industry, or the cattle industry. It is also used specifically to refer to an area of economic production focused on manufacturing which involves large amounts of upfront... Oil is a generic term for organic liquids that are not miscible with water. ... The El Chino Mine located near Silver City, New Mexico is an open-pit copper mine Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam. ... Refining is the process of purification of a substance, usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. ... This article is about the type of fabric. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). ... Irrigating cotton fields Irrigation in the Heart of the Sahara Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant. ... Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible seeds (actually a fruit called a grain, technically a caryopsis). ... This article is about the beverage. ... Species N. alata N. bigelovil N. debneyi N. excelsior N. exigua N. glauca N. glutinosa N. kawakamii N. knightiana N. longiflora N. sylvestris N. tabacum Ref: ITIS 30562 as of 2002-08-28 Tobacco () is a broad-leafed plant of the nightshade family, indigenous to North and South America, whose... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... Binomial name Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 For the band named Silkworm, see Silkworm (band). ... Silk (< OE sioloc probably < L. SERICVS / Gr. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... This article is about the animal, sheep; for other meanings of Sheep, see Sheep (disambiguation). ... Categories: Animal stubs ... Seafood in Brussels, Belgium Seafood is any sea animal that is served as food or is suitable for eating. ... Fish might refer to: Fish - vertebrates with gills which live in water Fish (sometimes FISH) - the British code-word for World War II German stream cipher teleprinter secure communications devices The FISH (FIbonacci SHrinking) stream cipher published in 1993 Fish - the former lead singer of progressive rock band Marillion fluorescent... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe ( European Russia). ...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Azerbaijan The people of Azerbaijan: Population: 7,748,163 (July 2000 est. ...

According to the CIA World Factbook, about eighty-nine percent of Azerbaijan's population is ethnic Azerbaijani. Other major ethnicities include local Talysh, Lezgi, Avar and Tat and numerous other minorities, as well as Russians. Some people argue that the number of Talysh is more than officially recorded as many of them are counted as Azerbaijanis. The country's large Armenian population mostly fled to Armenia and to other countries with the beginning of the Armenian-Azeri conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. During the same period, Azerbaijan also received a large influx of Azerbaijanis fleeing Armenia and later Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent provinces occupied by the Armenians. World Factbook 2004 cover The World Factbook is an annual publication by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with basic almanac-style information about the various countries of the world. ... Azerbaijanis (sometimes described as Azerbaijani Turks or Azeris) are a people numbering more than 25 million worldwide. ... Talysh also Talishi, Taleshi or Talyshi is one of the Northwestern Iranian languages. ... Classification Lezgi belongs to the Lezgian group of the Dagestan or Northeast Caucasian language family. ... The word Avars can mean: The nomadic people that conquered the Hungarian Steppe in the early Middle Ages, the Eurasian Avars. ... Tat is the Southwestern Indo-Iranian language used by a Jewish people of the Caucasus Mountains and Israel (Judeo-Tat) and a Muslim people in Azerbaijan (Muslim Tat). ... The term Russian can refer to: The Russian language Someone from Russia or with a Russian ethnic identity, see Russians Something of or pertaining to Russia Wiktionary information For more information: Russian This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Talysh also Talishi, Taleshi or Talyshi is one of the Northwestern Iranian languages. ... Armenia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ...

Most Azerbaijanis are Shia Muslim. Other religions or philosophical beliefs that are followed by many in the country are the Sunni and Sufi sects of Islam, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Russian Orthodox Church, and various secular beliefs (many of these are left over from the Soviet era of less tolerance for spirituality). Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Religion, sometimes used interchangeably with faith, is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine, and the practices and institutions associated with such belief. ... Philosophy (from the Greek words philos and sophia meaning love of wisdom) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes incorrectly called the Armenian Orthodox Church is the worlds oldest national church and one of the original churches, having been founded in 301. ... Saint Basils Cathedral, a well-known Russian Orthodox church situated in Moscow The Russian Orthodox Church (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Spirituality may include belief in supernatural powers, as in religion, but the emphasis is on experience. ...

Culture

Main article: Culture of Azerbaijan

The official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, a member of the Oguz subdivision of the Turkic language family, and is spoken by around 95% of the republic's population, as well as about a quarter of the population of Iran. Its closest relatives are Turkish and Turkmen. As a result of the language policy of the Soviet Union, Russian is also commonly spoken as a second language among the urbane. Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Oguz is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Turkish (Türkçe or Türk dili) is a Turkic language, spoken natively by over 100 million speakers in Turkey, Cyprus, and worldwide. ... Turkmen (Туркмен, ISO 639-1: tk, ISO 639-2: tuk) is the name of the national language of Turkmenistan. ... The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (СССР)  listen?; tr. ...

• Music of Azerbaijan
• Islam in Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is in Caucasus but, musically, it is more closely linked to Persian culture. ... Juma mosque in Baku, built in 1606, was ordered to close in 2004 because worshipers supposedly posed a threat to the architectural integrity of the mosque. ...

Miscellaneous topics

• Communications in Azerbaijan
• Transportation in Azerbaijan
• Military of Azerbaijan
• Foreign relations of Azerbaijan
• Public holidays in Azerbaijan
• List of Azerbaijanis
• Nagorno-Karabakh

Communications in Azerbaijan: Telephones Telephones - main lines in use: 640,000 (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 6,000 (1995) Telephone system: Azerbaijans telephone system is a combination of old Soviet era technology used by Azerbaijani citizens and small- to medium-size commercial establishments, and modern cellular telephones used by an... Transportation in Azerbaijan Railways total: 2,125 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 2,125 km 1. ... In July 1992, Azerbaijan ratified the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), which establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment and provides for the destruction of weaponry in excess of those limits. ... Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations; the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; NATOs Partnership for Peace; Euro-Atlantic Partnership; World Health Organization; CFE Treaty member state; the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe; the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund... This article needs to be wikified. ... This is a list of prominent people from the Republic of Azerbaijan (or, previously, the Azerbaijan SSR). ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ...

External links and references

• CIA World Factbook - Azerbaijan (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/aj.html)
• BBC Country Profile: Azerbaijan (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1235976.stm)
• A to Z pf Azerbaijan (http://www.azerb.com/)
• Virtual Azerbaijan Republic (http://www.zerbaijan.com/)
• Caucaz.com : Weekly online publishing articles and reports about Azerbaijan and South Caucasus. Available in English and French (http://www.caucaz.com/home_uk)
• Baku Today (http://www.bakutoday.net)
• State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic (http://www.azstat.org/indexen.php)
• United Nations Office in Azerbaijan (http://www.un-az.org) with a country report (http://www.un-az.org/couinf.htm)
• Library of Congress Portals on the World — Azerbaijan (http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/azerbaijan/azerbaijan.html)
• Azerbaijan Travel Services (http://bakuservices.com)

This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Albania is a Mediterranean country in southeastern Europe. ... National motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin: Virtue united is stronger) Official language: Catalan. ... Armenia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. ... Belarus (Belarusian: Белару́сь or Biełaruś, Russian: Белару́сь (formerly: Белору́ссия), Polish: Białoruś) is a landlocked nation of Eastern Europe with the capital Minsk. ... The Kingdom of Belgium (Dutch: Koninkrijk België, French: Royaume de Belgique, German: Königreich Belgien) is a country in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France, and the North Sea. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... The Republic of Croatia is a crescent-shaped country in Europe bordering the Mediterranean, Central Europe and the Balkans. ... Cyprus (in Greek Kypros Κύπρος and in Turkish Kıbrıs) is an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, 113 kilometres (70 miles) south of Turkey and around 120 km west of the Syrian coast. ... National motto: Truth prevails (Czech: Pravda vítězí) Official language Czech Capital Praha (Prague) President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 114th 78,866 km² 2% Population  - Total (2003)  - Density Ranked 76th 10. ... The Kingdom of Denmark is geographically the smallest Nordic country and is part of the European Union. ... The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north. ... The Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... Greece, officaly called the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... Iceland - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Republic of Ireland ( Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann) is the official description of an independent state which covers approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, off the coast of north-west Europe. ... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... The Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), or Latvia (Latvian: Latvija), is a country in Northern Europe. ... The Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny, doubly landlocked country (one of two such countries, the other being Uzbekistan) in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to its west and by Austria to its east. ... The Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian, Lietuva) is a republic in Northeastern Europe. ... The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a small landlocked state in the north-west of the continental European Union, bordered by France, Germany and Belgium. ... National motto: None Official languages Macedonian2 Capital Skopje President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 145th 25,713 km² 1. ... Official languages Maltese and English Capital Valletta Largest City Birkirkara President Edward (Eddie) Fenech Adami Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi Religion Catholicism Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 184th 316 km² Negligible Population  - Total (2003)  - Density Ranked 211th 399,867 1262/km² Independence  - Date From the UK September 21, 1964 Currency lira Time... The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. ... The Principality of Monaco or Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco or Monaco; Monegasque: Munegu or Principatu de Munegu) is a city state and the second-smallest country in the world, wedged in between the Mediterranean Sea and France along the French Riviera or Côte dAzur (The Blue Coast). ... Norway - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... San Marino (disambiguation). ... Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, often abbreviated as SCG) is the name of the union of Serbia and Montenegro, two former Yugoslav republics united since 2003 in a loose confederation. ... National motto: None Official language Slovak Capital Bratislava President Ivan Gašparovič Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 126th 49,035 km² Negligible Population  - Total ( 2004)  - Density Ranked 103rd 5,379,455 109/km² Independence January 1, 1993 (division of Czechoslovakia) Currency Slovak koruna Time zone  - in summer CET... The Republic of Slovenia ( Slovenian: Republika Slovenija) is a coastal sub-Alpine country in south central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north. ... The Swiss Confederation or Switzerland is a landlocked federal state in Europe, with neighbours Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... The State of the Vatican City ( Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ), is a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy, and the smallest independent state in the world (both in area and in population). ... The coat of arms of the Holy See The term Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, lit. ... Dependency has a number of meanings: In project management, a dependency is a link amongst a projects terminal elements. ... Map of Akrotiri (Western) SBA Akrotiri (also known as the Western Sovereign Base Area or WSBA) and Dhekelia (also known as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area or ESBA) are UK Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) in Cyprus, a former British Crown Colony. ... Motto: None Official language Faroese Capital Tórshavn Monarch Margrethe II Prime Minister Jóannes Eidesgaard Area  - Total  - % water World ranking: 189th 1,399 km² — Population  - Total (2004)  - Density World ranking: 211th 48,228 33. ... Motto: Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti (Latin: Conquered By No Enemy) Languages English (official), an English-influenced Spanish dialect called Llanito is also spoken Capital (Gibraltar) Coordinates 36°07′ N 5°21′ W Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis Richards Chief Minister Peter Caruana Area  - Total  - % water not ranked (192 if... The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. ... Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Island, a part of the Kingdom of Norway, is a 373-square-kilometer arctic volcanic island partly covered by glaciers and divided into two parts by a narrow isthmus. ... The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. ... The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin in Manx), a British crown dependency, lies in the Irish Sea almost equidistant from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. ... Svalbard, a part of the Kingdom of Norway, including one municipality (Longyearbyen), lies in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe. ... A bicontinental country is a country whose contiguous continental territory (or in case an island state - its different islands) lie in two different continents. ... World map showing location of Asia A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... World map showing location of Asia A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ...