NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Republika Srpska

Even though the Constitutional Court has ruled against and even in favor of individual national symbols on entity flags/coats of arms/anthem (RS and FBiH), the Constitutional Court has, in a spontaneous decision, decided that national symbols are to be banned from entity flags, coats of arms, and anthem (anthem applies to RS only, since FBiH does not have one) The decision was passed on January 29, 2007.^[1] This decision entered into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina on March 31, 2007.^[2]

¹ St. Stephen's day is celebrated as the Day of the Republika Srpska and falls on January 9 according to the calendar of the Eastern Orthodox Church (in the RS, the Serb Orthodox Church). It has been ruled unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina.^{[citation needed]}

² Although the Brčko District is formally held in condominium by both entities simultaneously (the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), it is a de facto third entity, as it has all the same powers as the other two entities and is under the direct sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina.^[3] ^[4]

³ The Constitution of Republika Srpska avoids naming the languages, and lists the "languages of Serbs, Bosniaks, and Croats.

⁴ excluding RS's 48% of the Brčko District

⁵ including refugees abroad

Republika Srpska (Serbian: Република Српска, Republika Srpska (listen (help· info)), also Српска, Srpska; Bosnian and Croatian: Republika Srpska; English: Serbian Republic or Republika Srpska) is one of the two political entities which represent a lower level of governance in the present-day country of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the other entity is the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the Constitution of the Republika Srpska, the official capital of this entity is also Sarajevo. However, its de facto capital is Banja Luka. The entity is home to three ethnic "constituent peoples": Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats. It was also known as the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during a period in 1992. Anthem: Serbia() on the European continent() â€” [] Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Albanian 2 Demonym Serbian Government Parliamentary Democracy - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica - First state 7th century - Serbian Kingdom3 1217 - Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence lost... For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Serbia() on the European continent() â€” [] Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Albanian 2 Demonym Serbian Government Parliamentary Democracy - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica - First state 7th century - Serbian Kingdom3 1217 - Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence lost... Park Republika Srpska (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐŸÐ°Ñ€Ðº Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ°) is one of the youngest parks in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Republika_Srpska. ... Flag of Republika Srpska The flag of the Republika Srpska is based on the red-blue-white Serbian tricolour. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... St. ... Image File history File links BH_municipality_location. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,600 Ã— 1,200 pixels, file size: 568 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) Coordinates: , Country Entity Canton Sarajevo Canton Government - Mayor Semiha Borovac (SDA) Area [1] - City 141. ... Location of Banja Luka within Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republika Srpska, although many also live in the other entity, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Language(s) Bosnian Religion(s) Predominantly Sunni Islam Related ethnic groups Slavs (South Slavs) The Bosniaks or Bosniacs[1] (Bosnian: BoÅ¡njaci, IPA: ) are a South Slavic people, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) and the SandÅ¾ak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... States currently utilizing parliamentary systems are denoted in red and orangeâ€”the former being constitutional monarchies where authority is vested in a parliament, the latter being parliamentary republics whose parliaments are effectively supreme over a separate head of state. ... This is list of presidents of Republika Srpska since its declaration in 1992. ... Rajko KuzmanoviÄ‡ (Serbian: ) (December 1, 1931 in ÄŒelinac) is a Serb politician in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... The Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð¡Ð°Ð²ÐµÐ· Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ… ÑÐ¾Ñ†Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°Ð»Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ‚Ð°, Serbian Latin: Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata) is a parliamentary party in the Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... This is list of prime ministers of Republika Srpska since its declaration in 1992. ... Milorad Dodik (Serbian: ÐœÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ð´ Ð”Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ðº) is the Prime Minister of the Republika Srpska, one of the two entities of the Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 28 February 2006. ... The Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð¡Ð°Ð²ÐµÐ· Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ… ÑÐ¾Ñ†Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°Ð»Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ‚Ð°, Serbian Latin: Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata) is a parliamentary party in the Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Categories: Bosnia and Herzegovina | Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Lists of subnational entities | Bosnia and Herzegovina geography stubs ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... A 50,00 konvertibilnih maraka (Federation of BiH) banknote A 0,50 KM (Republic of Srpska) banknote The Convertible Mark (Bonsian and Croatian: konvertibilna marka, Serbian: ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð²ÐµÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ð±Ð¸Ð»Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ÐºÐ°), (ISO 4217:BAM) is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC redirects here. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Orthodox icon of Pentecost. ... Early history The Serbs migrated to the Balkans during the reign of Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641). ... Official language Serbian, Bosnian (Serbo-Croation) and Croatian Official script Cyrillic alphabet, Latin alphabet Capital BrÄko Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 208 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total â€“ Density 80,000 ? Ethnic groups (current est. ... For the modern North American meaning as a type of housing, see Condominium. ... Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Categories: Bosnia and Herzegovina | Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Lists of subnational entities | Bosnia and Herzegovina geography stubs ... The location of the FBiH entity as part of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europe. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Official language Serbian, Bosnian (Serbo-Croation) and Croatian Official script Cyrillic alphabet, Latin alphabet Capital BrÄko Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 208 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total â€“ Density 80,000 ? Ethnic groups (current est. ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Image File history File links RepublikaSrpska. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Categories: Bosnia and Herzegovina | Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Lists of subnational entities | Bosnia and Herzegovina geography stubs ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... The location of the FBiH entity as part of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europe. ... Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) Coordinates: , Country Entity Canton Sarajevo Canton Government - Mayor Semiha Borovac (SDA) Area [1] - City 141. ... Location of Banja Luka within Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... More than 95% of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to one of its three constitutive nations: Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸ or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Language(s) Bosnian Religion(s) Predominantly Sunni Islam Related ethnic groups Slavs (South Slavs) The Bosniaks or Bosniacs[1] (Bosnian: BoÅ¡njaci, IPA: ) are a South Slavic people, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) and the SandÅ¾ak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Official language Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian Note: The Constitution of Republika Srpska avoids naming the languages, and lists the languages of Serbs, Bosniaks, and Croats. ...

Name

The word "Srpska" can be interpreted as an adjective ("Serb"), and, bearing in mind language rules for the creation of names of countries in Serbian and other Slavic languages, also as a proper noun. The Serbian name for several countries is analogous: France - Republika Francuska (Република Француска), which is also the official French name for France (République Française); Croatia - Republika Hrvatska ; Bulgaria - Republika Bulgarska (Република Булгарска), and so on. However, in these cases there has long existed an appropriate Latinized translation of the name to English. In grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun (called the adjectives subject), giving more information about what the noun or pronoun refers to. ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... In linguistics, a noun or noun substantive is a lexical category which is defined in terms of how its members combine with other grammatical kinds of expressions. ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ...

The government of Republika Srpska uses the term "Republic of Srpska" in English translations of official documents. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Republika Srpska is sometimes translated as "Serb Republic", although it should be mentioned that this is not universally accepted, as some believe it to be a mistranslation. Those who oppose such translation argue that the Republika Srpska per its constitution is an entity of three ethnic groups so the possessive adjective in this translation tends to violate rights of other two constituent ethnicities in the entity by describing the entity as belonging to only one ethnic group. The similar name convention is given to the other Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, also referred to as Muslim-Croat Federation which is implied to violate the rights of the Serbs in that entity. Both naming conventions largely stem from the nationalist animosities apparent in both entities following the 1990s Bosnian War. The location of the FBiH entity as part of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europe. ... Belligerents Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia Republika Srpska Yugoslavia Commanders Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim DeliÄ‡ (Army chief of Staff 1993-1995) Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Mate Boban (President of the Croatian Republic...

Geography

Boundary

The Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL) that distinguishes Bosnia and Herzegovina's two entities essentially runs along the military front lines as they existed at the end of the Bosnian War, with adjustments (most importantly in the western part of the country and around Sarajevo) made at the Dayton peace conference. The total length of the IEBL is approximately 1,080 km. The IEBL is an administrative demarcation and not controlled by the military or police and there is free movement across it. The Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL) divides Bosnia and Herzegonina into two entities, the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Belligerents Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia Republika Srpska Yugoslavia Commanders Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim DeliÄ‡ (Army chief of Staff 1993-1995) Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Mate Boban (President of the Croatian Republic...

Municipalities

Main article: Municipalities of Republika Srpska

Under the Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government adopted in 1994, Republika Srpska was divided into 80 municipalities. After the conclusion of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the law was amended in 1996 to reflect the changes to the entity borders and now provides for the division of Republika Srpska into 63 municipalities. Under the Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government adopted in 1994, Republika Srpska was divided into 80 municipalities. ...

Cities

The largest towns in Republika Srpska are:^{[citation needed]}

Banja Luka - 200,000
Prijedor - 112,543
Bijeljina - 100,000
Doboj - 96,000
East Sarajevo - 71,210
Gradiška - 75,000
Trebinje - 70,000
Prnjavor - 45,000
Mrkonjic Grad - 40,000
Foča - 35,000
Novi Grad - 30,000
Bileća - 25,000
Modriča - 32,000
Čelinac - 20,000

Note: the town of Brčko is part of the Brčko District, which is part of both entities (the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Location of Banja Luka within Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ñ˜ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ñ€) is a town and municipality in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Republika Srpska entity. ... Bijeljina (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð‘Ð¸Ñ˜ÐµÑ™Ð¸Ð½Ð°) is a town and municipality in northeastern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... View of Doboj from the fortress 14th Century Doboj Fortress, reconstructed in 2006, with a wooden stage added during reconstruction Doboj (Cyrillic: Ð”Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ˜) is a city and a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, situated on the river Bosna. ... East Sarajevo or IstoÄno Sarajevo is the part of the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina that belongs to Republika Srpska. ... City area Bosanska GradiÅ¡ka (Cyrillic: Ð‘Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐºÐ° Ð“Ñ€Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÑˆÐºÐ°), is a town and municipality in northwestern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Trebinje (Cyrillic: Ð¢Ñ€ÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑšÐµ) is the southern-most municipality and town in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Prnjavor is a town and municipality locate in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... MrkonjiÄ‡ Grad (Cyrillic: ÐœÑ€ÐºÐ¾ÑšÐ¸Ñ› Ð“Ñ€Ð°Ð´) is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republika Srpska entity. ... Location of FoÄa within Bosnia and Herzegovina Coordinates: , Country Government - Mayor Zdravko KrsmanoviÄ‡ (SPRS) [1] Area - Total 1,180 kmÂ² (455. ... Novi Grad Novi Grad (Cyrillic: ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð¸ Ð“Ñ€Ð°Ð´), formerly Bosanski Novi (Cyrillic: Ð‘Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸ ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð¸), is a town and municipality in northwestern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... BileÄ‡a (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð‘Ð¸Ð»ÐµÑ›Ð°) is a town and municipality in the southeast of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... ModriÄa (Serbian: ÐœÐ¾Ð´Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡Ð°) is a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Municipality of Celinac lies cca. ... Official language Serbian, Bosnian (Serbo-Croation) and Croatian Official script Cyrillic alphabet, Latin alphabet Capital BrÄko Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 208 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total â€“ Density 80,000 ? Ethnic groups (current est. ... The location of the FBiH entity as part of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europe. ...

History

Main article: History of Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. in the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th and 3rd century BC displaced many Illyrian tribes from their former lands, but some Celtic and Illyrian tribes mixed. Conflict between the Illyrians and Romans started in 229 BC, but Rome wouldn't complete its annexation of the region until 9th century. In the Roman period, Latin-speaking settlers from all over the Roman empire settled among the Illyrians and Roman soldiers were encouraged to retire in the region. This is the history of Republika Srpska, one of the two entities comprising Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... Illyria (disambiguation) Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined Indo-European[1] group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans (Illyria, roughly from northern Epirus to southern Pannonia) and even perhaps parts of Southern Italy in classical times into the Common era, and spoke Illyrian languages. ... This article is about the European people. ... The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ...

Christianity had already arrived in the region by the end of the 1st century, and numerous artifacts and objects from the time testify to this. Following events from the years 337 and 395 when the Empire split, Dalmatia and Pannonia were included in the Western Roman Empire. The region was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 455, and further exchanged hands between the Alans and Huns in the years to follow. By the 6th century, Emperor Justinian had re-conquered the area for the Byzantine Empire. The Slavs, a migratory people from northeastern Europe, were subjugated by the Eurasian Avars in the 6th century, and together they invaded the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th and 7th centuries, settling in what is now Republika Srpska and the surrounding lands. More South Slavs, mostly Serbs, came in a second wave, and according to some scholars were invited by Emperor Heraclius to drive the Avars from Dalmatia. Topics in Christianity Preaching Prayer Ecumenism Relation to other religions Movements Music Liturgy Calendar Symbols Art Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... For other uses, see Pannonia (disambiguation). ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus The Western Roman Empire in 395. ... This article deals with the continental Ostrogoths. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ... For other uses, see Hun (disambiguation). ... Justinian may refer to: Justinian I, a Roman Emperor; Justinian II, a Byzantine Emperor; Justinian, a storeship sent to the convict settlement at New South Wales in 1790. ... Byzantine redirects here. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia who established a state in the Danube River area of Europe in the early 6th century. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Byzantine Empire. ... For the Patriarch of Jerusalem, see Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem. ...

Upon their arrival, the Slavs brought with them a tribal social structure, which probably fell apart and gave way to feudalism only with Frankish penetration into the region in the late 9th century. It was also around this time that the south Slavs were Christianized. The region of Republika Srpska had been part of the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia, whose borders were often fluctuant. However, by the high middle ages the Bosnian nobles began to become increasingly independent, ruling over an area of which gradually increased in size. This occurred due to external political circumstances. Croatia had been acquired by the Hungarian Kingdom, and the Serbian state to the southeast was in a period of stagnation. Control over Bosnia subsequently was contested between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine empire. History of the region from then until the early 14th century was marked by the power struggle between the Šubić and Kotromanić families. This conflict came to an end in 1322, when Stjepan II Kotromanić became ban. By the time of his death in 1353, he had succeeded in annexing territories to the north and west, as well as Zahumlje and parts of Dalmatia. He was succeeded by his nephew Tvrtko who, following a prolonged struggle with nobility and inter-family strife, gained full control of the country in 1367. Under Tvrtko, Bosnia grew in both size and power, finally becoming an independent kingdom in 1377. The title of King Tvrtko was "King of Serbs, Bosnia and the Seacoast". Following his death in 1391 however, Bosnia fell into a long period of decline. The Ottoman Empire had already started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century. Finally, after decades of political and social instability, Bosnia officially fell in 1463. Herzegovina would follow in 1482, with a Hungarian-backed reinstated "Bosnian Kingdom" being the last to succumb in 1527. Anthem: Serbia() on the European continent() â€” [] Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Albanian 2 Demonym Serbian Government Parliamentary Democracy - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica - First state 7th century - Serbian Kingdom3 1217 - Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence lost... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Coat of Arms of the Breberienses The Å ubiÄ‡ were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir (Varvaria) in inland Dalmatia. ... KotromaniÄ‡ dynasty ruled in Bosnia and Herzegovina from late 13th century until mid 15th century. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Zahumlje in the 9th century, according to De administrando imperio Zahumlje, also known as the Land of Hum and Chelm, was a medieval South Slavic principality located in todays Herzegovina (modern day Bosnia and Herzegovina), and southern Dalmatia (modern day Republic of Croatia). ... Tvrtko I (real name Tvrtko KotromaniÄ‡, 1338â€“1391) was the greatest native ruler of medieval kingdom of Bosnia. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“1365) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Ä°stanbul (1453â€“1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 (first) Osman I - 1918â€“22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320... Balkan redirects here. ... This article is about the geographic area of Herzegovina. ...

During the Ottoman rule of modern day Bosnia, large numbers of orthodox Vlachs where brought in by the autorities to fill up and defend the largely depopulated frontier areas between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A large part of the modern day serb population in Bosnia and Hercegovina are really descendents from these Vlach influx in the 16th and 17th century^[5]

Throughout the mid-19th century, Herzegovina was a target of expansion of the young Montenegrin state in the name of the liberation of the Serbian people from Ottoman rule. Herzegovinian Serbs and Croats actively participated in the Montenegrin efforts to liberate them and to that end, they frequently rose in rebellion against the Ottoman rule. These efforts culminated in 1875 and 1876, during the Nevesinjska puška uprising. Montenegro did succeed in liberating and annexing large parts of Herzegovina before the Berlin Congress of 1878, including the Nikšić area. This article is about the republic in Serbia-Montenegro, Europe. ... Shield of Nevesinje Nevesinje (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐÐµÐ²ÐµÑÐ¸ÑšÐµ) is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in eastern Herzegovina between Mostar and Gacko. ... The Congress of Berlin (June 13 - July 13, 1878) was a meeting of the European Great Powers and the Ottoman Empires leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. ... Coordinates Mayor NebojÅ¡a RadojiÄiÄ‡ (DPS - SDP) Municipality area 2,065 kmÂ² Population (2003 census) - city - municipality - density 58,212 75,282 36. ...

In 1878, territory of present Republika Srpska, was occupied by Austria-Hungary, only nominally remaining under Ottoman rule. This caused great resentment among its populace which resisted the invaders in small flare-ups of rebellious activity that ended in 1882. The Serbian population of Herzegovina and Bosnia had hoped that the province would be divided and annexed to Serbia and Montenegro. The occupation caused a temporary rift in the Serbo-Austrian relations and threatened to grow into an open conflict. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Although successful economically, Austro-Hungarian policy - which focused on advocating the ideal of a pluralist and multi-confessional Bosnian nation (largely favored by the Muslims) - failed to curb the rising tides of nationalism. The concept of Croat and Serb nationhood had already spread to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Catholics and Orthodox communities from neighboring Croatia and Serbia in the mid 19th century, and was too well-entrenched to allow for the wide-spread acceptance of a parallel idea of Bosnian nationhood. By the latter half of the 1910s, nationalism was an integral factor of Bosnian politics, with national political parties corresponding to the three groups dominating elections.

The idea of a unified South Slavic state (typically expected to be spear-headed by independent Serbia) became a popular political ideology in the region at this time, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian government's decision to formally annex Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 (i.e. Bosnian crisis) added to a sense of urgency among these nationalists. The political tensions caused by all this culminated on June 28, 1914, when Serb nationalist youth Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo; an event that proved to be the spark that set off World War I. During the war Austrian authorities commit numerous severe crimes against Serbian civilian population. The Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909 was caused by the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in October, 1908. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð“Ð°Ð²Ñ€Ð¸Ð»Ð¾ ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð½Ñ†Ð¸Ð¿, IPA: ) (July 25, 1894) â€“ April 28, 1918) was an ethnic Serb, but later proclaimed to be a Yugoslav Nationalist[1], with links to a group known as the Mlada Bosna, who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. ... Franz Ferdinand links to here. ... Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) Coordinates: , Country Entity Canton Sarajevo Canton Government - Mayor Semiha Borovac (SDA) Area [1] - City 141. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ...

Following World War I, territory of present Republika Srpska was incorporated into the South Slav Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (soon renamed Yugoslavia). The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ... General location of the political entities known as Yugoslavia. ...

Once the kingdom of Yugoslavia was conquered by Nazi forces in World War II, all of Bosnia was ceded to the Nazi-puppet state of Croatia. The Nazi rule over Bosnia led to widespread persecution. The Jewish population was nearly exterminated. Many Serbs in the area took up arms and joined the Chetniks; a Serb nationalist and royalist resistance movement that both conducted guerrilla warfare against the Nazis. Starting in 1941, Yugoslav communists under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito organized their own multi-ethnic resistance group, the partisans, who fought against both Axis and Chetnik forces. Ante Pavelić, the Ustaša, subjected ethnic Serbs, together with much smaller minorities of Jews and Roma, to a campaign of genocidal persecution. Estimates for the number of Serbs killed in World War II vary between 500,000 and 1.2 million. Of that number Ustaše, according to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, killed 330,000–390,000 ethnic Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Senior German officers and diplomats in the region cited figures up to twice as high. For instance Hitler's high plenipotentiary in SE Europe, Hermann Neubacher, later wrote: "When leading Ustaše state that one million Orthodox Serbs (including babies, children, women and old men) were slaughtered, this in my opinion is a boasting exaggeration. On the basis of reports I received, I estimated that three quarters of a million defenceless people were slaughtered." National Socialism redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ... The Jewish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich and varied history, surviving World War II, Communism and the Yugoslav Wars, after having been been born as a result of the Spanish Inquisition, and having been almost destroyed by the Holocaust. ... The Chetniks (Serbian: Ð§ÐµÑ‚Ð½Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸, ÄŒetnici) were a Royalist paramilitary formations operating in the Balkans before and during World Wars. ... Tito redirects here. ... Partisan may refer to: A member of a lightly-equipped irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation. ... Black: Zenith of the Axis Powers Capital Not applicable Political structure Military alliance Historical era World War II - Tripartite Pact September 27, 1940 - Anti-Comintern Pact November 25, 1936 - Pact of Steel May 22, 1939 - Dissolved 1945 This article is about the independent countries (states) that comprised the Axis powers. ... Ante PaveliÄ‡ (July 14, 1889 â€“ December 28, 1959) was the Head (Poglavnik) and founding member of the Croatian national socialist/fascist UstaÅ¡e movement in the 1930s and later the leader of the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state[1] [2] of Nazi Germany during World War II. // Ante... The UstaÅ¡e (often spelled Ustashe in English; singular UstaÅ¡a or Ustasha) was a Croatian far-right organisation put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis Powers in 1941. ... Interior of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Exterior of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum viewed from Raoul Wallenberg Place (15th St. ... Hermann Neubacher (June 24, 1893-July 1, 1960) was an Austrian Nazi politician who held a number of diplomatic posts in the Third Reich. ...

Military success eventually prompted the Allies to support the Partisans, and the end of the war resulted in the establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with the constitution of 1946 officially making Bosnia and Herzegovina one of six constituent republics in the new state. Because of its central geographic position within the Yugoslavian federation, post-war Bosnia was strategically selected as a base for the development of the military defense industry. This contributed to a large concentration of arms and military personnel in Bosnia; a significant factor in the war that followed the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. However, Bosnia's existence within Yugoslavia, for the large part, was peaceful and prosperous. Being one of the poorer republics in the early 1950s it quickly recovered economically, taking advantage of its extensive natural resources to stimulate industrial development. The Yugoslavian communist doctrine of "brotherhood and unity" particularly suited Bosnia's diverse and multi-ethnic society that, because of such an imposed system of tolerance, thrived culturally and socially. Look up ally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Motto Brotherhood and Unity Anthem Hey, Slavs Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throughout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... Brotherhood and unity (known locally as Bratstvo i jedinstvo or BÑ€Ð°Ñ‚ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ Ð¸ Ñ˜ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ or Bratstvo in enotnost) was the catch phrase for the official policy of inter-ethnic relations in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...

Creation of the Republika Srpska

The bridge on Drina river at Višegrad, famous from the book of Nobel prize winner Ivo Andrić.

During the political crisis that followed the secession of Slovenia and Croatia from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on June 25, 1991, a separate Bosnian Serb Assembly was founded on October 24, 1991, as the representative body of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most Bosnian Serbs opposed any suggestion that Bosnia should also leave Yugoslavia. At this point, Serbs constituted about 31.4% of the population of Bosnia, with Croats (17.3%), Bosniaks (43.7%) and Yugoslavs (5.5%) making up the rest of the population. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Ivo AndriÄ‡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð˜Ð²Ð¾ ÐÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð¸Ñ›; October 9, 1892 â€“ March 13, 1975) was a novelist, short story writer, and the 1961 winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature from Yugoslavia (he was born in Bosnia and Herzegovina, that in the time of his biggest popularity was a part of Yugoslavia). ... Motto Brotherhood and Unity Anthem Hey, Slavs Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throughout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... The National Assembly (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐÐ°Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° Ð¡ÐºÑƒÐ¿ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐµ, Serbian Latin: Narodna SkupÅ¡tina Republike Srpske) is the legislative body of the Serb Republic. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

The leading Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serb Democratic Party, led by Radovan Karadžić, organized the creation of "Serb autonomous provinces" (SAOs) within Bosnia and the establishment of an assembly to represent them. In November 1991, the Bosnian Serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with Serbia and Montenegro. On January 9, 1992, the Bosnian Serb Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Република српског народа Босне и Херцеговине / Republika srpskog naroda Bosne i Hercegovine). On February 28, 1992, the constitution of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted and declared that the state's territory included Serb autonomous regions, municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. The Serb Democratic Party (Serbian: Srpska Demokratska Stranka, SDS) is a political party for Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Radovan KaradÅ¾iÄ‡ during a visit to Moscow in 1994. ... Anthem: Serbia() on the European continent() â€” [] Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Albanian 2 Demonym Serbian Government Parliamentary Democracy - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica - First state 7th century - Serbian Kingdom3 1217 - Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence lost... This article is about the country in Europe. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...

The main goal of Bosnian Serb leadership was to create an ethnicly clean Serb state. Ethnic cleansing of non-Serb population was particularly common in the territories of Bosanska Krajina region and Drina river valley. In many instances the ethnic cleansing was conducted through well organized and efficient bureaucracy set up by the Republika Srpska authorities such as in the case of Banja Luka. Those and other cases of ethnic cleansing dramatically changed the demographic picture of Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina[2].

The referendum and creation of SAOs were proclaimed unconstitutional by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and declared illegal and invalid. However, from February 29 to March 2, 1992 the government held a referendum on Bosnian independence from Yugoslavia. That referendum was in turn declared contrary to the Bosnia and Herzegovina and Federal constitution by the Yugoslav Federal Constitutional court and rebel Bosnian Serb authorities; it was largely boycotted by the Bosnian Serbs. The turnout was somewhere between 64-67%, and 98% of the voters voted for independence. It was unclear what the two-thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied.^{[citation needed]} Almost all Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serb people in the Bosnian parliament. An independent Bosnia was proclaimed in March, by which time the country had already plunged into ethnic conflict, caused by the secession. The resistance to the secession of Bosnia-Herzegovina was assisted by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) and paramilitary forces from Serbia.^[6] ^[7] On April 6, 1992, the European Community formally recognised the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence on April 7, 1992. On August 12, 1992, the reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina was dropped from the name, and it became simply Republika Srpska. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into constitutionality. ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... -1... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... The European Community (EC) was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...

Republika Srpska and the Bosnian War

Ethnic map based on the 1991 census. The different colors show absolute majority in every settlement: Serbs Bosniaks Croats no majority

Front lines in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994. VRS-held territory (Serb) HVO-held territory (Croat) ARBiH-held territory (predominantly Bosniak) Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia forces (Bosniak)

During the next three years, Republika Srpska was one of the three warring sides in the Bosnian War, the others being the pre-dominantly Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) internationally-recognised Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Croat statelet of Herzeg-Bosna. At the start of the war, the RS was in a much stronger military position compared to the other two sides. Its army, the VRS (Army of Republika Srpska), was created from Bosnian Serb members of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and was heavily armed and equipped from JNA stockpiles in Bosnia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.^[8] In addition, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia provided extensive humanitarian, logistical and financial support for the Republika Srpska and its military with the ultimate goal of annexing the territory controlled by the VRS and making it a part of Serbia. ^[9] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 649 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (800 Ã— 739 pixel, file size: 215 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)BiH ethnic map my communinies in 1991 before the war File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 649 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (800 Ã— 739 pixel, file size: 215 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)BiH ethnic map my communinies in 1991 before the war File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... 1991 Bosnia and Herzegovina Population Census was the last census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina taken before the Bosnian War. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸ or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Language(s) Serbo-Croat(Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian) Macedonian Religion(s) Islam Related ethnic groups South Slavs Muslims by nationality (Muslimani, ÐœÑƒÑÐ»Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸) was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to describe the native Bosniaks. ... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1213x1085, 173 KB) Summary lines of front at the time of sighning washington agreement. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1213x1085, 173 KB) Summary lines of front at the time of sighning washington agreement. ... Bosnian Serb Army, officially Army of the Republika Srpska (Serbian Ð’Ð¾Ñ˜ÑÐºÐ° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐµ/Vojska Republike Srpske, Ð’Ð Ð¡/VRS) is the military of the Bosnian Serb political entity of Republika Srpska. ... The Croatian Defence Council (Croatian Hrvatsko vijeÄ‡e obrane, HVO) was the main military unit of the Croats during the Bosnian War charged with achieving the military objectives of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. ... Crest of Army of The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Coat of Arms of Western Bosnia Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia existed in the territory of present day Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1993 and 1995 as a result of secessionist politics during the Bosnian War. ... Belligerents Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia Republika Srpska Yugoslavia Commanders Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim DeliÄ‡ (Army chief of Staff 1993-1995) Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Mate Boban (President of the Croatian Republic... Flag Self-proclaimed Croatian entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia show in dark blue Capital Mostar Government Republic Governors (1992-1994) - Croatian zone of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mate Boban Historical era Yugoslav wars - Breakup of Yugoslavia June 25, 1991 - Secessions June 25, 1991 - April 27, 1992 - Proclamation... Bosnian Serb Army, officially Army of the Republika Srpska (Serbian Ð’Ð¾Ñ˜ÑÐºÐ° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐµ/Vojska Republike Srpske, Ð’Ð Ð¡/VRS) is the military of the Bosnian Serb political entity of Republika Srpska. ... The Yugoslav Peoples Army (YPA) (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslovenska narodna armija or Jugoslavenska narodna armija; Serbian and Macedonian: ÐˆÑƒÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ½ÑÐºÐ° Ð½Ð°Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° Ð°Ñ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°â€”JHA; Macedonian and Serbian Latin forms: Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and Bosnian: Jugoslavenska narodna armijaâ€”JNA; Slovene: Jugoslovanska ljudska armadaâ€”JLA) was the military force of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...

By 1994, the United Nations estimated that more than half a million non-Serbs had been driven out from the territory controlled by Republika Srpska^{[citation needed]} and by the spring of 1996, a United Nations census indicated that Serbs constituted 96.8% of the population of the republic. However, the republic's actions produced worldwide condemnation, the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in 1993 and the eventual indictment of the Republika Srpska military and civilian leadership for war crimes on the non-Serb population,^[10] killing, torturing and raping at detention camps,^[11] and the siege of Sarajevo). UN redirects here. ... UN redirects here. ... The Tribunal building in The Hague. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... Combatants ARBiH (1992-95) NATO (1995) JNA (1992) VRS (1992-95) Commanders Jovan Divjak Mustafa HajrulahoviÄ‡ Vahid KaraveliÄ‡ NedÅ¾ad AjnadÅ¾iÄ‡ Stanislav GaliÄ‡ (1992-94) Dragomir MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (1994-95) Strength 40,000 (1992) 30,000 (1992) The Siege of Sarajevo was the longest siege in the history of... Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) Coordinates: , Country Entity Canton Sarajevo Canton Government - Mayor Semiha Borovac (SDA) Area [1] - City 141. ...

In 1995, Republika Srpska came close to collapse in the face of military offensives by the Croat/Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) forces and a concerted two-week campaign of

Encyclopedia > Republika Srpska

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