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Resilience generally means the ability to recover from (or to resist being affected by) some shock, insult, or disturbance. However, it is used quite differently in different fields. Image File history File links Derived from public domain images featured at: http://commons. ... Resilience is a 5 piece punk rock group from Santa Rosa, California. ...

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Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...

Materials

In physics and engineering, resilience is defined as the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then, upon unloading to have this energy recovered. In other words, it is the maximum energy per volume that can be elastically stored. It is represented by the area under the curve in the elastic region in the Stress-Strain diagram. A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Engineering is the applied science of acquiring and applying knowledge to design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... Elasticity is a branch of physics which studies the properties of elastic materials. ...

Modulus of Resilience, U_r, can be calculated using the following formula: , where σ is yield stress, E is Young's modulus, and ε is strain. Yield strength, or the yield point, is defined in engineering as the amount of strain that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation. ... In solid mechanics, Youngs modulus (E) is a measure of the stiffness of a given material. ... This article is about the deformation of materials. ...

An example of a biomaterial which has a high resilience is articular cartilage, the substance lining the ends of bones in articulating joints such as the knee and hip. In surgery, a biomaterial is a synthetic or natural material used to replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue. ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... This article is about a joint in zootomical anatomy. ... For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ... Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...

Network

"Resilience is the ability of the network to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of various faults and challenges to normal operation. This article is about a term used in economics. ... In document ISO/CD 10303-226, a fault is defined as an abnormal condition or defect at the component, equipment, or sub-system level which may lead to a failure. ...

Resilient networks aim to provide acceptable service to applications: This article is about a term used in economics. ...

• ability for users and applications to access information when needed, e.g.:
  • Web browsing
  • distributed database access
  • sensor monitoring
  • situational awareness
• maintenance of end-to-end communication association, e.g.:
  • computer-supported cooperative work
  • video conference
  • teleconference (including VoIP calls)
• operation of distributed processing and networked storage, e.g.:
  • ability for distributed processes to communicate with one another
  • ability for processes to read and write networked storage

Note that resilience is a superset of survivability."^[1][2]
In engineering, survivability is the quantified ability of a system, subsystem, equipment, process, or procedure to continue to function during and after a natural or man-made disturbance; nuclear electromagnetic pulse from the detonation of a nuclear weapon. ...

Ecology

Main article: Resilience (ecology)

In ecology, resilience has been defined in two competing fashions that emphasize two different aspects of stability. The consequences of those different aspects for ecological systems were first emphasized by the Canadian ecologist C. S. Holling in order to draw attention to tradeoffs between efficiency on the one hand and persistence on the other, or between constancy and change, or between predictability and unpredictability. It is defined by the Resilience Alliance as "the capacity of an ecosystem to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes. A resilient ecosystem can withstand shocks and rebuild itself when necessary. Resilience in social systems has the added capacity of humans to anticipate and plan for the future." Resilence is conferred in human and ecological systems by adaptive capacity. For other uses, see Resilience. ... For the journal, see Ecology (journal). ... C. S. (Buzz) Holling is a retired Canadian ecologist. ... A Tradeoff usually refers to losing one quality or aspect of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. ... Systems is an annual information and telecommunications trade fair in Munich, Bavaria, Germany Categories: | | ... Adaptive Capacity applies to both ecological systems and human social systems. ...

Industrial and organisational safety

Within the broad domain of industrial safety, the term resilience has come into use to emphasise that safety must be proactive as well as reactive. Whereas conventional risk management approaches are based on hindsight and emphasise error tabulation and calculation of failure probabilities, Resilience Engineering looks for ways to enhance the ability of organisations to create processes that are robust yet flexible, to monitor and revise risk models, and to use resources proactively in the face of disruptions or ongoing production and economic pressures. In Resilience Engineering failures do not stand for a breakdown or malfunctioning of normal system functions, but rather represent the converse of the adaptations necessary to cope with the real world complexity. Individuals and organisations must always adjust their performance to the current conditions; and because resources and time are finite it is inevitable that such adjustments are approximate. Success has been ascribed to the ability of groups, individuals, and organisations to anticipate the changing shape of risk before damage occurs; failure is simply the temporary or permanent absence of that.

Resiliency applied to the critical infrastructure

Resiliency is the ability to avoid, minimize, withstand, and recover from the effects of adversity, whether natural manmade, under all circumstances of use. Resiliency applied to the nation’s critical infrastructure is trustworthiness under stress and spans high availability, continuous operations, and disaster recovery. The operations within the industry sectors of the critical infrastructure are diverse and complex. These operations are evolving into large systems of systems. In normal times these operations may operate satisfactorily in a loosely coupled arrangement. However, for these operations to be resilient under stress, more than a loosely coupled arrangement is needed. A defined engineering challenge of adopting resilience throughout the nation's critical infrastructure is needed. The recovery time objectives among industry sectors must be coordinated, interoperability of information sharing and platform operations must be assured, and distributed supervisory control protocols must be in place. These capabilities cannot be expected to evolve in a loosely coupled environment. They must be holistically specified, architected, designed, implemented, and tested if they are to operate with resilience under stress. A management, process, and engineering maturity framework is necessary to advance the assurance of software security, business continuity, system survivability, and system of system resiliency capabilities.

Psychology

Main article: Psychological resilience

Resilience (or "psychological resilience") is a term used in psychology to describe the capacity of people to cope with stress and catastrophe. It is also used to indicate a characteristic of resistance to future negative events. This psychological meaning of resilience is often contrasted with "risk factors". Resilience is a commonly used concept in psychology (such as in child development, adolescent development, psychopathology, and positive psychology) to describe the positive capacity of people to cope with stress and catastrophe. ... Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, spirit, soul; λόγος, logos, knowledge) is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. ... a priest wearing a cope The cope is a liturgical vestment, which may be of any liturgical colour, and is like a very long mantle or cloak, fastened at the breast by a clasp. ... In medical terms, stress is the disruption of homeostasis through physical or psychological stimuli. ... Catastrophe (Gk. ...

Economic and business

Economic resilience is the ability of a local economy to retain function, employment and prosperity in the face of the perturbation caused by the shock of the loss of a particular type of local industry or employer. Communities with resilient economies find that the loss of an employer results in rapid reabsorbtion of workers made redundant by the closure of an enterprise or industry into new, and frequently more satisfying and stable employment than before. Look up perturbation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up company in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In business terms, resilience is the ability of an organization, resource, or structure to sustain the impact of a business interruption and recover and resume its operations to continue to provide minimum services. An organisation (or organization — see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment. ...

Economic and business resilience, according to the Resilience Alliance, is enhanced "when the management of a resource is shared by a diverse group of stakeholders (e.g., local resource users, research scientists, community members with traditional knowledge, government representatives, etc.), decision-making is better informed and more options exist for testing policies. Active adaptive management whereby management actions are designed as experiments encourages learning and novelty, thus increasing resilience in social-ecological systems."

See also

• Vulnerability
• Robustness
• Resistance
• Ecology and Society

For other uses of the word Vulnerability, please refer to vulnerability (computer science). ... In the context of computer software, robustness is the resilience of the system, especially when under stress or when confronted with invalid input. ... Look up resistance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ecology and Society (formerly Conservation Ecology) is an Open Access, interdisciplinary journal published by the Resilience Alliance. ...

References

1. ^ The ResiliNets Research Initiative definition of resilience.
2. ^ Abdul Jabbar Mohammad, David Hutchison, and James P.G. Sterbenz "Poster: Towards Quantifying Metrics for Resilient and Survivable Networks", 14th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP 2006), Santa Barbara, California, USA, November 2006

• Robert B. Cairns and Beverley D. Cairns. 1995. Lifelines and Risks: Pathways of Youth in Our Time. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-48570-3
• Hollnagel, E., Woods, D. D. & Leveson, N. G. 2006. Resilience engineering: Concepts and precepts. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-4641-6

This article is about the city in England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ...

External links

Engineering:

• The ResiliNets Initiative
• The Resilience Engineering Networkis an open organisation of people and places that focus on safety in complex systems.
• The Critical Infrastructure Protection Program at George Mason University Law School has published a collection of papers on infrastructure resilience: Moving from Infrastructure Protection to Infrastructure Resilience.

Psychology:

• A simulation to teach about cumulative risk and resilience in adolescent development
• The Resiliency Center A website that focuses on real-life situations of resiliency and how resiliency can affect individual development
• Homepage of the New Zealand Resilience Trust - an NGO in New Zealand dedicated to promoting healthy communities
• Fostering Resilience in Children - Article from the United States Government ERIC Clearinghouse