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Encyclopedia > Responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks
Sept. 11, 2001 attacks
Timeline
Planning
September 11, 2001
Rest of September
October
Beyond October
Victims
Survivors
Foreign casualties
Hijacked airliners
American Airlines Flight 11
United Airlines Flight 175
American Airlines Flight 77
United Airlines Flight 93
Sites of destruction
World Trade Center
The Pentagon
Shanksville, Pennsylvania
Effects and aftermath
World political effects
World economic effects
Detentions
Airport security
Closings and cancellations
Conspiracy theories
Post 9/11
Audiovisual entertainment
Impact on popular culture
Local health
Response
Global Guardian
Government response
Rescue and recovery effort
Financial assistance
Operation Yellow Ribbon
Memorials and services
Perpetrators
Responsibility
Organizers
Miscellaneous
Communication
WTC collapse
Slogans and terms
Inquiries
U.S. Congressional Inquiry
9/11 Commission Report
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See also: September 11, 2001 attacks

The United States government identified 19 hijackers as being responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks, and linked the attacks to Osama bin Laden. A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... September 11, 2001 attacks timeline Background History 1972: One World Trade Center completed. ... THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS THE PHRASE FUCK THE US GOVERNMENT HIDDEN THROUGHOUT THE ARTICLE...IT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE CLEAN UP // According to the presidents of the United States and the Philippines, the September 11, 2001 attacks originated with Operation Bojinka (a plan that was not executed), which was conceived by Khalid Shaikh... The September 11, 2001 attacks, in addition to being a unique act of aggression, constituted a media event on a scale not seen since the advent of civilian global satellite links, round-the-clock television news organizations and the instant worldwide reaction and debate made possible by the Internet. ... All times, except where otherwise noted, in New York Time (EDT). ... All times, except where otherwise noted, in New York Time (EDT). ... // 2001 November Thursday, November 1, 2001 Afternoon: Deputy Mayor Anthony P. Coles meets with the two firefighter union leaders, Fire Capt. ... According to the 9/11 Commission, between 16,400 and 18,800 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attacks. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... United Airlines Flight 175 was a morning flight that regularly flew from Logan International Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California. ... Security camera image showing American Airlines Flight 77 (highlighted) just before and after impact. ... For other uses of Flight 93 and United 93, see Flight 93. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... This article is about the United States military building. ... Main Street in Shanksville. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks defined the first term of President George W. Bush and led to what he has called the War on Terrorism, or war against terrorism. ... The following worldwide effects arose from the September 11, 2001 attacks: All Canadian military bases increased their level of security awareness. ... It is usually claimed that the September 11, 2001 attacks had immediate and far-ranging economic effects. ... Soon after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States Government began detaining people who fit the profile of the suspected hijackers: mostly male, Arabic or Muslim noncitizens. ... Box-cutter knives were apparently used in the September 11, 2001 attacks, though such knives are not usually considered weapons. ... Many closings and cancellations followed the September 11, 2001 attacks, including major landmarks, buildings, as well as postponement or cancellation of major sporting and other events. ... A variety of conspiracy theories have emerged which contradict the mainstream account of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... This article talks about the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... The September 11, 2001, attacks had an important impact on the audiovisual entertainment business, not just in terms of television coverage. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into List of audiovisual entertainment affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... There has been growing concern over the health effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the Financial District of lower Manhattan. ... Global Guardian is an annual training exercise sponsored by the United States Strategic Command in conjunction with Space Command and NORAD. Its main purpose is to test the militarys command and control procedures in the event of nuclear warfare. ... The response of the U.S. government to the September 11, 2001 attacks sparked investigations into the motivations and execution of the attacks, as well as the ongoing War on Terrorism in Iraq. ... A bucket brigade works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001 The area surrounding the World Trade Center became the site of the greatest number of casualties and missing, and physical destruction. ... Charities and relief agencies raised over $657 million in the three weeks following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the vast bulk going to immediate survivors and victims families. ... Operation Yellow Ribbon is the name of the operation that Transport Canada created to handle the diversion of civilian airline flights following the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... The first memorials to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks began to take shape online, as hundreds of webmasters posted their own thoughts, links to the Red Cross, and other rescue agencies, photos and eyewitness accounts. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ... Communications problems and successes played an important role in the September 11, 2001 attacks and their aftermath. ... Ground Zero debris with markup showing building locations. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States spawned a number of catchphrases, terms, and slogans, many of which continue to be used a half-decade after the event. ... The Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities before and after the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 is the official name of the inquiry conducted by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence into the activities of the U.S. Intelligence Community in... The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... This article describes the government of the United States. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...

Contents

Initial investigation

The FBI investigation into the September 11, 2001 attacks, code named operation PENTTBOM, was the largest and most complex investigation in the history of the FBI, involving over 7,000 special agents.[1] Within 72 hours of the attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation was able to identify the 19 deceased hijackers.[2] None of the hijackers made attempts to disguise their names on flight and credit card records, and there were few people of Arabic descent on the flights. Mohamed Atta's luggage, which did not make the connection from his Portland flight onto American Airlines Flight 11, contained important clues about the hijackers and their plans. His luggage contained papers that revealed the identity of all 19 hijackers, and provided information about their plans, motives, and backgrounds.[3] The FBI was able to determine details such as dates of birth, known and/or possible residences, visa status, and specific identity of the suspected pilots. However, since none of these documents were ever presented in the Moussaoui trial (known as the 20th hijacker), these documents have never been scrutinized by independent legal experts (See "The Case against Zacarias Moussaoui"[4]). On September 27, 2001, the FBI released photos of the 19 hijackers, along with information about the possible nationalities and aliases of many.[5] PENTTBOM is the code-name for the FBI investigation into the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York and Washington, D.C, the largest criminal investigation in U.S. history. ... // Any federal criminal or non-criminal investigator or detective in the 1811, 1801, 2501 or similar job series as so titled according to the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) handbook. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ... Mohamed Atta ( transliteration: ) was a terrorist who participated in the hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...


On the day of the attacks, U.S. intelligence agencies also intercepted communications that pointed to Osama bin Laden.[6] The United States government determined that al-Qaeda, headed by Osama bin Laden, bore responsibility for the attacks, with the FBI stating that evidence linking Al-Qaeda and Bin Laden to the attacks of September 11 is clear and irrefutable.[7] The Government of the United Kingdom reached the same conclusion, regarding Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden's culpability for the September 11, 2001 attacks.[8] For other uses, see Intelligence (disambiguation). ... The government of the United States, established by the United States Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states, a few territories and some protectorates. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... Her Majestys Government, or when the Sovereign is male, His Majestys Government, abbreviated HMG or HM Government, is the formal title used by the Government of the United Kingdom. ...


Witness reports of hijackers

Main article: Organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks

The hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11, American Airlines Flight 77, United Airlines Flight 93, and United Airlines Flight 175 are responsible for the terrorist attacks of 9/11. A number of witness reports were recorded and testified to while the hijackings were in progress. While the hijacking was in progress, two stewardesses on American Airlines Flight 11, Betty Ong and Amy Sweeney, contacted airline personnel on the ground and were able to identify Mohamed Atta al-Sayed as one of four Middle Easterners [9] that had hijacked the plane.[10] The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... Security camera image showing American Airlines Flight 77 (highlighted) just before and after impact. ... For other uses of Flight 93 and United 93, see Flight 93. ... United Airlines Flight 175 was a morning flight that regularly flew from Logan International Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... Mohammed Atta al-Sayed (Arabic: محمد عطا السيد) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks. ...


Sales clerks identified two individuals to whom they sold tickets on American Airlines Flight 77 as the hijackers, Hani Hanjour and Majed Moqed.[9] While the hijacking was in progress on Flight 77, several passengers, including a flight attendant, Renee May, contacted and reported details of the hijacking to persons on the ground.[11] Security camera image showing American Airlines Flight 77 (highlighted) just before and after impact. ... Hani Saleh Hanjour, (Arabic: هاني صالح حنجور) was one of five men named by the FBI as hijackers of American Airlines flight 77 in the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ... Majed Mashaan Moqed (Arabic: ماجد مشعان موقد, also transliterated Moqued) was one of five men named by the FBI to be hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77 in the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ...


During the hijacking of United Airlines Flight 93, Jeremy Glick identified the hijackers as Arabic-looking and carrying knives.[12][13] For other uses of Flight 93 and United 93, see Flight 93. ... Jeremy Logan Glick was a Strategic Account Manager for Vividence, Inc who died in the September 11, 2001 attacks, on board United Airlines Flight 93. ...


A flight attendant on United Airlines Flight 175 was able to call a United airline mechanic while the plane was being hijacked and report that the crew had been killed and plane hijacked.[9] United Airlines Flight 175 was a morning flight that regularly flew from Logan International Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California. ...


Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden

Aftermath of the bomb detonation on the World Trade Center in 1993
September 17, 2001 - A small portion of the scene where the World Trade Center collapsed following the September 11 attacks.
September 17, 2001 - A small portion of the scene where the World Trade Center collapsed following the September 11 attacks.
September 14, 2001- "The Pile" , Manhattan
See also: Organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks

Intelligence experts speak of a "short list" of prime suspects -- groups that possess both the means and the motive to carry out the crime. Two of the passengers had been identified as Al Qaeda members and were on the FBI's terrorist-alert list prior to 9/11: Khalid Almihdhar, and Nawaf Alhazmi[1][2]. It appears certain that all hijackers had Arabic origins, and none were Afghani; moreover, both in their immense scale, careful planning and refraining from claiming responsibility, the attacks are reminiscent of al-Qaeda's previous attacks such as the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings that killed over 200 people. Image File history File links WTC_1993_ATF.jpg Summary From http://www. ... Image File history File links WTC_1993_ATF.jpg Summary From http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2400x3000, 2943 KB) Ground Zero, New York City, N.Y. (Sept. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2400x3000, 2943 KB) Ground Zero, New York City, N.Y. (Sept. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 153 KB)NOAA photo taken in the days following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 153 KB)NOAA photo taken in the days following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The Pile, Manhattan The Pile was the term coined by the rescue workers to describe the tons of wreckage left from the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ... This photograph of Khalid al-Midhar was released by the FBI in the days following the attack. ... -1... The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ... Aftermath at the Nairobi embassy. ...


World Trade Center bombing of 1993

Main article: World Trade Center Bombing

In the World Trade Center bombing (February 26, 1993) a car bomb was detonated by Arab Islamist terrorists in the underground parking garage below Tower One of the World Trade Center in New York City. The 1,500-lb urea nitrate-fuel oil device [14][15]killed six and injured over a thousand people. [16]It was intended to devastate the foundation of the North Tower, causing it to collapse onto its twin.[17] For the second attack on the World Trade Center in 2001, see September 11, 2001 attacks. ... For the second attack on the World Trade Center in 2001, see September 11, 2001 attacks. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Car bomb (disambiguation). ... Languages Arabic and other minority languages Religions Islam, Christianity, Druzism and Judaism Arab woman from Ramallah wearing traditional dress in 1915. ... For the religion of Islam, see Islam. ... A multi-storey car park is a building or part thereof which is designed specifically to be for vehicle parking and where there are a number of floors on which parking takes place. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Nonproprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ...


The attack was planned by a group of conspirators including Ramzi Yousef[18][19], Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman, El Sayyid Nosair, Mahmud Abouhalima, Mohammad Salameh, Nidal Ayyad, Ahmad Ajaj, and Abdul Rahman Yasin.[20] They received financing from al-Qaeda member Khaled Shaikh Mohammed, Yousef's uncle, who would later allegedly admit to planning the September 11, 2001, attacks.[21] Ramzi Ahmed Yousef or Ramzi Mohammed Yousef (also transliterated as Ramzi Yusuf, Ramzi Youssef) (Arabic: رمزي يوسف ), birth name possibly Abdul Basit Mahmoud Abdul Karim (Arabic: عبد الباسط كريم) and also known by dozens of aliases,[1] is a Kuwaiti of Pakistani descent who was one of the planners of the 1993 World Trade Center... Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman is a blind Egyptian Muslim cleric who at one time resided in New York City. ... El Sayyid Nosair (born November 16, 1955) is an Egyptian-born American citizen and terrorist involved in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. ... Convicted perpertrator of the Born to a mill foreman in Kafr al-Dawar, Egypt in 1959. ... Mohammed A. Salameh (born September 1, 1967) is a convicted perpertrator of the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing. ... Ahmed Mohammad Ajaj (Arabic: أحمد محمد عجاج; also transliterated Ahmad Mohammad Ajaj; born 1966) was convicted of participating in the World Trade Center bombing in 1993. ... Abdul Rahman Yasin in 2002 Abdul Rahman Yasin (Arabic: عبد الرحمن يس ) (born April 10, 1960- ) helped make the bombs used in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing attack. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (Arabic: خالد شيخ محمد; also transliterated as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh Mohammad, and other ways) (March 1, 1964 or April 14, 1965 – present) was an important figure in Osama bin Ladens al-Qaeda organization, where he...


Statements of motives prior to September 11, 2001

Main articles: Wikisource:Jihad Against Zionists and Crusaders, Osama bin Laden Fatwa, Videos of Osama bin Laden, and Wikisource:Osama bin Laden's Declaration of War

Since 1996 Osama bin Laden has stated in public proclamations (fatwas) and in interviews with journalists his common list of grievances which he cites as the reason for his declaration of war against the U.S. Osama bin Laden issued a Fatwa in 1996 titled: Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places. ... There have been several videos released by Osama bin Laden. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... A fatwa (Arabic: فتوى) plural fataawa, is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. ...


In 1998 Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri, (a leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad), co-signed a fatwa (binding religious edict) in the name of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, declaring: Ayman Muhammad Rabaie al-Zawahiri (Arabic: ) or closer to the original Arabic pronunciation al-Zawahri (born June 19, 1951) is an extremist Muslim leader and prominent member of al-Qaeda, and was the second and last emir of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, having succeeded Abbud al-Zummar in the latter role... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A fatwā (Arabic: ; plural fatāwā Arabic: ), is a considered opinion in Islam made by a mufti, a scholar capable of issuing judgments on Sharia (Islamic law). ...

[t]he ruling to kill the Americans and their allies civilians and military - is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the holy mosque (in Makka) from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty Allah, 'and fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together,' and 'fight them until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah'.[22][23] For other uses, see Al-aqsa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Mecca or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukkaramah; Arabic مكة المكرمة) is revered as the holiest site of Islam, and a pilgrimage to it is required of all Muslims who can afford to go. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ...

In an interview with journalist Rahimullah Yusufzai published in TIME Magazine, January 11, 1999, Osama Bin Laden is quoted as saying: (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ... This article is about the year. ...

The International Islamic Front for Jihad against the U.S. and Israel has issued a crystal-clear fatwa calling on the Islamic nation to carry on jihad aimed at liberating holy sites. The nation of Muhammad has responded to this appeal. If the instigation for jihad against the Jews and the Americans in order to liberate Al-Aksa Mosque and the Holy Ka'aba Islamic shrines in the Middle East is considered a crime, then let history be a witness that I am a criminal.[24] A fatwā (Arabic: ; plural fatāwā Arabic: ), is a considered opinion in Islam made by a mufti, a scholar capable of issuing judgments on Sharia (Islamic law). ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... For other uses, see Jihad (disambiguation). ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... For other uses, see Al-aqsa (disambiguation). ... The Kaaba (Arabic: ; IPA: ) , also known as (), ( The Primordial House), or ( The Sacred House), is a large cuboidal building located inside the mosque known as al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Planning the 9-11 attacks

According to interviews by Al-Jazeera [25] as well as United States interrogations of al-Qaeda members Ramzi Binalshibh and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (captured in 2002 and 2003 respectively), Khalid Mohammed was the instigator and prime organizer of the attacks. Binalshibh may have been picked as a hijacker but he failed to get into the U.S.[26] Wikisource has original text related to this article: CSRT Summary of Evidence memo for Ramzi Binalshibh Ramzi Binalshibh (Arabic: رمزي بن الشيبة; also transliterated as Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Ramzi bin al-Shaibah, and several other ways; born May 1, 1972[2]), is a citizen of Yemen and according to the United States... Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: Prosecution Exhibit from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (Arabic: خالد شيخ محمد; also transliterated as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh Mohammad, , commonly referred to as KSM and also known by as many as twenty-seven aliases[1] (b. ...


Khalid Mohammed had provided funding to his nephew Ramzi Yousef[27][28]for the World Trade Center bombing in 1993. In addition, he collaborated on Oplan Bojinka which called for ten or more airliners to be bombed in mid-air or hijacked for use as missiles. [29] Planning for Oplan Bojinka began in 1994, and was funded in part by Osama Bin Laden, but was thwarted by an accidental fire in 1995.[30][31][32] Ramzi Ahmed Yousef or Ramzi Mohammed Yousef (also transliterated as Ramzi Yusuf, Ramzi Youssef) (Arabic: رمزي يوسف ), birth name possibly Abdul Basit Mahmoud Abdul Karim (Arabic: عبد الباسط كريم) and also known by dozens of aliases,[1] is a Kuwaiti of Pakistani descent who was one of the planners of the 1993 World Trade Center... For the second attack on the World Trade Center in 2001, see September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Oplan Bojinka was a planned large-scale attack on airliners in 1995. ...


In mid-1996, Khalid Mohammed presented a new plan to the leadership of al-Qaeda [33]that called for several airplanes on both east and west coasts [34] to be hijacked and flown into targets. Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...


According to the Binalshibh and Khalid Mohammed, six of the hijackers played active parts in the planning, including the four who became the pilots. The other two were Khalid al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi[35]. CIA operatives reportedly monitored the movements of these two known militants when they visited the U.S. but did not notify the FBI or gain an inkling of what the hijackers were planning. [36]However, during a 2006 Moussaoui trial cross-examination,[37] FBI agents stated that the bureau was aware, years before the attacks in 2001, that al-Qaeda planned to use planes to destroy important buildings. Philippine Chief Superintendent Avelino Razon had noted such plans during the 1995 investigation of Oplan Bojinka, of which Razon said This photograph of Khalid al-Midhar was released by the FBI in the days following the attack. ... Nawaf al-Hazmi (Arabic: نواف الحازمي, also transliterated Nawaq Alhazmi) who used the alias Rabia al Makki as well as Nawaf M.S. Al Hazmi, was 25 years old in September, 2001, when he became one of five terrorists named by FBI as hijackers of American Airlines flight 77, which was crashed...

I didn't imagine that they would ram a 757 aircraft into the World Trade Center. I thought the suicide mission [would involve] a Cessna light aircraft loaded with several kilos of explosives, like a Japanese Kamikaze World War II pilot diving into a target. [38] Cessna Aircraft Company, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, is a manufacturer of general aviation aircraft, from small two-seat, single-engine aircraft to business jets. ... USS Bunker Hill was hit by Ogawa (see picture left) and another kamikaze near Kyūshū on May 11, 1945. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The targets ultimately chosen were the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the United States Capitol. Flight 93 was apparently meant to crash into the Capitol. The White House was considered as a target; initially dismissed as being too difficult to locate from the air, it was later included in the plans. [39] In the communications that developed as the scheme took form, the Pentagon's code name was the Faculty of Arts, Capitol Hill was the Faculty of Law, and the World Trade Center was coded as the Faculty of Town Planning. [40]


September 11, 2001 attacks

See also: Organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ...

Al-Qaeda statements after 9-11

Al-Qaeda's spokesman, Sulaiman Abu Ghaith, said in a video sent to al Jazeera and broadcast in October 2001 the following: Sulaiman Abu Ghaith (born 1965 or 1966?) is an Kuwaiti Islamist militant regarded as Al-Qaidas official spokesman. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ...

The Americans should know that the storm of plane attacks will not abate, with God's permission. There are thousands of the Islamic nation's youths who are eager to die just as the Americans are eager to live. [41]

Taliban implication after 9-11

On October 4, 2001, British Prime Minister Tony Blair released information compiled by Western intelligence agencies connecting Osama bin Laden to the Afghanistan's Taliban leadership as well as being the leader of the al-Qaeda organization.[42] For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency... The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1995 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the United States, United Kingdom and the Northern Alliance. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...


The United States requested the Taliban to shut down all Al Qaeda bases in Afghanistan, open them to inspection and turn over Osama Bin Laden. The Taliban refused all these requests. Instead they offered to extradite Osama bin Laden to an Islamic country if the United States presented evidence of his guilt.[43] However the Taliban had previously deemed eyewitness testimony and satellite phone call recordings entered in the public record in February of 2001 during a trial as insufficient grounds to extradite bin Laden for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. The U.S. government launched the 2001 war in Afghanistan on October 7, 2001 to achieve these ends and overthrow the Taliban. Aftermath at the Nairobi embassy. ... Combatants Taliban al-Qaeda IMU Hezbi Islami Afghanistan Northern Alliance ISAF Image:Nato 1. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...


Osama Bin Laden statements after 9-11

The FBI lists Bin Laden as one of the "10 Most Wanted" in connection with several incidents including the USS Cole bombing and the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Africa. The FBI's "FBI Most Wanted Terrorists" poster does not specifically hang responsibility for 9/11 on bin Laden, instead it only states "Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world."[44] See also: Infamous, Previous FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives The FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list arose from a conversation held in late 1949, during a game of Hearts between J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, and William Kinsey Hutchinson[1], International News Service... The USS Cole bombing was a suicide bombing attack against the U.S. Navy guided missile destroyer USS Cole (DDG 67) on October 12, 2000 while it was harbored in the Yemeni port of Aden. ... In the 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings (August 7, 1998), 257 people were killed and over 4,000 wounded in simultaneous car bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the East African capital cities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Banner used by the FBI since inception on October 10, 2001 as the main title for the web site pages of both the group of wanted terrorists, and also on the wanted poster of each terrorist fugitive. ...


On September 16, 2001, an Al Jazeera news presenter read a message purportedly signed by Osama bin Laden , in which the following words were stated: Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ...

I stress that I have not carried out this act, which appears to have been carried out by individuals with their own motivation.[45][46][47]

But the Taliban had claimed that they had taken away all his means of communication with the outside world. [48][49] In late October 2001, Al Jazeera journalist Tayseer Allouni conducted an interview with Osama Bin Laden which was videotaped. Al-Jazeera refused to broadcast it[50] and terminated its affiliation agreement with CNN [51] due to CNN's broadcasting of the interview on January 31, 2002.[52] In the interview, Bin Laden addressed the September 11, 2001, attacks, saying Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... Taysir Allouni is a journalist for the Al Jazeera news channel. ...

If inciting people to do that is terrorism, and if killing those who kill our sons is terrorism, then let history be witness that we are terrorists...We will work to continue this battle, God permitting, until victory or until we meet God before that occurs." [53]

In November 2001, U.S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan which showed Osama bin Laden talking to Khaled al-Harbi. In the tape, bin Laden seems to admit planning the attacks. Translations from the tape include the following lines: There have been several videos released by Osama bin Laden. ... Jalalabad (Persian: Jalālābād) is the capital of Nangarhar province in Afghanistan, 150 km east of Kabul near the Khyber Pass. ... Although not thought to be an al-Qaida leader, Khaled al-Harbi (right) appears in this al-Qaeda video alongside Osama bin Laden. ...

...we calculated in advance the number of casualties from the enemy, who would be killed based on the position of the tower. We calculated that the floors that would be hit would be three or four floors. I was the most optimistic of them all...We had notification since the previous Thursday that the event would take place that day. We had finished our work that day and had the radio on...Muhammad (Atta) from the Egyptian family (meaning the Al Qaeda Egyptian group), was in charge of the group...The brothers, who conducted the operation, all they knew was that they have a martyrdom operation and we asked each of them to go to America but they didn't know anything about the operation, not even one letter. But they were trained and we did not reveal the operation to them until they are there and just before they boarded the planes.[54]

In late November 2002, a letter attributed to Osama bin Laden and translated by British Islamists surfaced. 'Because you attacked us and continue to attack us' is the letter's simple claim of motive behind the September 11, 2001 attacks. Part of the letter includes an attempt at morally justifying the selection of a civilian target. Itemizing a list of perceived Western wrongdoings, the letter concludes that 'the oppressed have a right to return the aggression' and hinted at further attacks. Also included are a list of demands, advice, and a statement of grievances against the American government and its people. [55] Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...


On February 11, 2003, Al Jazeera broadcast an audio tape purportedly from bin Laden. [56] Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ...


Shortly before the US presidential election in 2004, in a taped statement, bin Laden publicly acknowledged al-Qaeda's involvement in the attacks on the U.S, and admitted his direct link to the attacks. He said that the attacks were carried out because "we are a free people who do not accept injustice, and we want to regain the freedom of our nation." (full text) A still of 2004 Osama bin Laden video. ...


In an audio message that surfaced on the Internet in May 2006 the speaker, who is alleged to be Osama Bin Laden, defends Zacarias Moussaoui, who was undergoing a trial for his participation in the September 11 attacks. The voice in the audio message says Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

"I begin by talking about the honorable brother Zacarias Moussaoui. The truth is that he has no connection whatsoever with the events of September 11th, and I am certain of what I say, because I was responsible for entrusting the 19 brothers — Allah have mercy upon them — with those raids, and I did not assign brother Zacarias to be with them on that mission."[57] This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

Other suspects within Al-Qaeda

As of 2004, several people including Mohammed, Binalshibh and Mohamed al-Kahtani, the 20th hijacker, were being held by the U.S. as illegal combatants; however, the United States had no one on trial for the attacks. In Germany, Mounir El Motassadeq was convicted of over 3000 counts of accessory to murder for helping finance the hijackers but the verdict was put aside and a new trial scheduled.[58] Abdelghani Mzoudi was acquitted in Germany on the same charges.[59] 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mohamed Mani Ahmad al-Kahtani (Arabic: sometimes transliterated Muhammed Al Kahtani or other ways) is a member of the terrorist group al-Qaida. ... A 20th hijacker is a hypothetical additional terrorist in the September 11, 2001 attacks who was not able to participate. ... Unlawful combatant (also illegal combatant or unprivileged combatant) describes a person who engages in combat without meeting the requirements for a lawful belligerent according to the laws of war as specified in the Third Geneva Convention. ... Mounir El Motassadeq stood trial in 2003 for participation in the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Mzoudi, smiling after acquittal Abdelghani Mzoudi (born in Marrakech, Morocco, on December 6, 1972) (sometimes transliterated Abdul Ghani Mzoudi) (Arabic: عبد الغني مزودي) was an alleged member of Al-Qaeda and an associate of Mohammed Atta, the lead pilot in the September 11, 2001 attacks. ...


Other culpability

See also: 9/11 conspiracy theories
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Initial reports following the attacks indicated that the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a Palestinian militant group, had claimed responsibility for the attacks, but this was denied by a senior leader of the group soon after. There are filmed reports of celebrations on the West Bank, although according to articles in the German magazine Stern and the Swedish daily Dagens Nyheter, at least one of them was staged. Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat denounced the attacks, saying it was counterproductive to any peace between Israelis and Palestinians. A variety of conspiracy theories have emerged which contradict the mainstream account of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين, transliterated Al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiya Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist, secular political and military organization. ... Stern (English Star) is a weekly news magazine published in Germany. ... Dagens Nyheter. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ...


Next to claim responsibility were the Taliban of Afghanistan.[citation needed] The Taliban subsequently denounced the attack and claimed that it was not connected to Osama bin Laden, the Muslim leader living in Afghanistan whom the U.S. government declared the prime suspect. The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1995 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the United States, United Kingdom and the Northern Alliance. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...


Virtually all world leaders, including traditional rivals or enemies of the United States, denounced the attacks and expressed sympathy for the American people. In addition to the Taliban, this included Libyan president Moammar Qadhafi, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Iranian president Mohammad Khatami, and Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi 1 (Arabic: معمر القذافي Mu`ammar al-Qadhdhāfī) (born 1942), leader of Libya since 1970 and a controversial Arab statesman. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... Mohammad Khatami (Persian : سید محمد خاتمی Seyyed Moḥammad KhātamÄ«), born on September 29, 1943, in Ardakan city of Yazd province, is an Iranian intellectual, philosopher and political figure. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ...


Various other nations and organizations have been listed as suspects, and are hereafter presented in alphabetical order.


Afghanistan

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There is no concrete evidence that the Taliban government --which then controlled most of Afghanistan--knew of or approved of the September 11 attacks ahead of time. However, Taliban-controlled Afghanistan gave safe haven to Osama bin Laden and his Al Qaeda militia, which may have had a close relationship with the Taliban army and police. The Taliban also refused to extradite or deport bin Laden abroad or put him on trial themselves, saying the US government had not provided them with any evidence linking bin Laden to 9/11. There was speculation that the Taliban may be willing to hand bin Laden over for an Islamic trial in Pakistan (in a deal similar to the Lockerbie plane bombing trial in Holland), but ultimately this did not occur. The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1995 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the United States, United Kingdom and the Northern Alliance. ... Map of major attacks attributed to al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda (also al-Qaida or al-Qaida or al-Qaidah) (Arabic: ‎ , translation: The Base) is an international alliance of terrorist organizations. ... Lockerbie Town Hall, 2006. ...


The Taliban had previously refused to extradite bin Laden to the USA, or prosecute him, after he was indicted by the US federal courts for involvement in the 1998 African embassy bombings that killed over 200 people, mostly African civilians. A few months before this bombing, Qadhafi's Libya had added bin Laden to an Interpol wanted list although it is unclear whether any extradition requests were made to the Taliban.


Because of the Bush Doctrine, which stated "We will make no distinction between the terrorists and those who harbor them", the United States and Britain invaded and overthrew the Afghan government in 2001, using air power, special forces and the Taliban's almost defeated opponents the Northern Alliance as a proxy land army. However, there have been allegations that the US-led invasion killed 5000 civilians or more, i.e. a higher number of civilians than killed in the 9/11 attacks. The Bush Doctrine is a phrase used to describe a policy outlined in a National Security Council text entitled the National Security Strategy of the United States published on September 20, 2002[1] In the events following September 11, 2001 attacks two distinct schools of thought arose in the Bush... Northern Alliance may refer to: NATO The Afghan Northern Alliance The white supremacist group of Canada The Northern Alliance Radio Network of conservative bloggers This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...


Iraq

Further information: Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda

Immediately after the attacks, rumors began that Iraq could have played a role. For former Clinton CIA Director James Woolsey, Iraq's prior documented contacts with al-Qaeda was enough to draw suspicion. Woolsey argued a supposed link between Iraqi intelligence, Ramzi Youssef and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing served as a smoking gun for Iraq's interests in the attack. [3] He suggested the grand jury investigation into the 1993 attack turned up evidence pointing to Iraq that the Clinton Justice Department "brushed aside." Neil Herman, who headed the FBI investigation into the 1993 World Trade Center attack, noted that despite Yasin's presence in Baghdad, there was no evidence of Iraqi support for the attack. "We looked at that rather extensively," he told CNN terrorism analyst Peter L. Bergen. "There were no ties to the Iraqi government." Bergen writes, "In sum, by the mid-'90s, the Joint Terrorism Task Force in New York, the F.B.I., the U.S. Attorney's office in the Southern District of New York, the C.I.A., the N.S.C., and the State Department had all found no evidence implicating the Iraqi government in the first Trade Center attack."[4] Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda were alleged by some U.S. Government officials to have established a highly secretive relationship between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). ...


Claims that Saddam was behind the 1993 bombing are based on the research of Laurie Mylroie of the conservative American Enterprise Institute. Her research has been heavily criticized and terrorism experts consider her argument utterly baseless. Bergen, for example, calls her a "crackpot" who claimed that "Saddam was not only behind the '93 Trade Center attack, but also every anti-American terrorist incident of the past decade, from the bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania to the leveling of the federal building in Oklahoma City to September 11 itself."[5] Daniel Benjamin, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, points out that "Mylroie's work has been carefully investigated by the CIA and the FBI.... The most knowledgeable analysts and investigators at the CIA and at the FBI believe that their work conclusively disproves Mylroie's claims.... Nonetheless, she has remained a star in the neoconservative firmament." (Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Next Attack New York: Times Books, 2005, p. 145. [ISBN 0-8050-7941-6]). Dr. Robert Leiken of the Nixon Center comments on the lack of evidence in her work: "Laurie has discovered Saddam’s hand in every major attack on US interests since the Persian Gulf War, including U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and even the federal building in Oklahoma City. These allegations have all been definitively refuted by the FBI, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and other investigatory bodies...."[6] Laurie Mylroie is a U.S. author who has written several controversial and heavily criticized books on the subject of Iraq and the War on Terror. ... The American Enterprise Institutes Logo The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) is a conservative to right-wing[1] think tank, founded in 1943. ...


Some members of the Bush administration reportedly began to draw up such theories immediately after the attacks. The state-run Iraqi media praised the attacks but denied that Iraq was responsible. Despite massive investigations by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Office of Special Plans, no link between the government of Iraq and the 9/11 attacks was ever found. In September 2006, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence concluded that "there is no evidence that Saddam Hussein had prewar ties to Al Qaeda and one of the terror organization’s most notorious members, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi" and that there was no evidence of any Iraqi support of al-Qaeda or foreknowledge of the September 11th attacks.[7] “CIA” redirects here. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...


Pakistan

A senior-level U.S. government source told CNN in October of 2001 that U.S. investigators believed Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh (Ahmed Umar Syed Sheikh), a long time Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) asset, using the alias Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad, sent more than $100,000 from Pakistan to Mohammed Atta, the suspected hijack ringleader of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh (Arabic: احمد عمر سعید شیخ) (sometimes known as Omar Sheikh, Sheikh Omar[1], Sheik Syed[2], or by the alias Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad[3]) (b. ... This article is about the Pakistani intelligence agency. ... Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad, is the presumed alias of a terrorist operative who is believed to have provided funds to Mohammed Atta, the suspected hijack ringleader in the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Mohammed Atta is a name commonly used to refer to the following individuals: Mohamed Atta al Sayed was the Al-Qaeda suicide pilot of the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...

"Investigators said Atta then distributed the funds to conspirators in Florida in the weeks before the deadliest acts of terrorism on U.S. soil that destroyed the World Trade Center, heavily damaged the Pentagon and left thousands dead.
In addition, sources have said Atta sent thousands of dollars -- believed to be excess funds from the operation -- back to Syed in the United Arab Emirates in the days before September 11.
Syed also is described as a key figure in the funding operation of al Qaeda, the network headed by suspected terrorist mastermind Osama bin Laden."[8]

CNN later confirmed that it was "Ahmed Umar Syed Sheikh, whom authorities say used a pseudonym to wire $100,000 to suspected hijacker Mohammad Atta, who then distributed the money in the United States." [9] The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...


Soon after the money transfer was discovered, the head of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence, Gen. Mahmood (Mahmud) Ahmed resigned from his position. Indian news outlets reported the FBI was investigating the possibility that Gen. Mahmood Ahmed ordered Saeed Sheikh to send the $100,000 to Atta, while most Western media outlets only reported his connections to the Taliban as the reason for his departure. [10] The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1995 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the United States, United Kingdom and the Northern Alliance. ...


The Wall Street Journal was one of the few Western news organizations to follow up on the story, citing the Times of India: "US authorities sought [Gen. Mahmud Ahmed's] removal after confirming the fact that $100,000 [was] wired to WTC hijacker Mohammed Atta from Pakistan by Ahmad Umar Sheikh at the instance of Gen Mahumd." [11] The best coverage came from The Daily Excelsior, reporting "The FBI’s examination of the hard disk of the cellphone company Omar Sheikh had subscribed to led to the discovery of the 'link' between him and the deposed chief of the Pakistani ISI, Gen. Mehmood Ahmed. And as the FBI investigators delved deep, sensational information surfaced with regard to the transfer of 100,000 dollars to Mohammed Atta, one of the Kamikaze pilots who flew his Boeing into the World Trade Centre. Gen. Mehmood Ahmed, the FBI investigators found, fully knew about the transfer of money to Atta." [12] The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City, New York, USA, with Asian and European editions, and a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006, with 931,000 paying online subscribers. ...


According to the Washington Post, "on the morning of Sept. 11, [Porter] Goss and [Bob] Graham were having breakfast with a Pakistani general named Mahmud Ahmed -- the soon-to-be-sacked head of Pakistan's intelligence service".[60] On September 12 and September 13, Lt. Gen. Mahmood met with Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage, Senator Joseph Biden, the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and Secretary of State Colin Powell. An agreement on Pakistan's collaboration in the new "War on Terrorism" was negotiated between Mahmood and Armitage.[61][62][63][64] Lt Gen Mehmood Ahmed then lead a six-member delegation to the Afghan city of Kandahar in order to hold crisis talks with the Taliban leadership, supposedly in an attempt to persuade them to hand over Osama bin Laden.[13] ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Richard L. Armitage Richard Lee Armitage (born April 26, 1945) was the 13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, the second-in-command at the State Department, serving from 2001 to 2005, Previously, he was a high-ranking troubleshooter and negotiator in the Departments of State and Defense. ... This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11, 2001. ... The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1995 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the United States, United Kingdom and the Northern Alliance. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...


Saudi Arabia

In June 2001, a "high-placed member of a US intelligence agency" told BBC reporter Greg Palast that "after the [2000] elections, the agencies were told to "back off" investigating the Bin Ladens and Saudi royals".[65] For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...


In May 2002, former FBI Agent Robert Wright delivered a tearful press conference apologizing to the families who lost loved ones on 9/11. He described how his superiors intentionally obstructed his investigation into Al-Qaeda financing.[66][67] Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...


Agent Wright would later tell ABC's Brian Ross: "September 11th is a direct result of the incompetence of the FBI's International Terrorism Unit," specifically referring to the Bureau's hindering of his investigation into Yassin al-Qadi (al Kadi), who Ross described as a powerful Saudi Arabian businessman with extensive financial ties in Chicago.[14] One month after September 11, 2001 attacks, the US government officially identified Yassin al-Qadi as one of Osama bin Laden's primary financiers and a specially designated global terrorist.[68] The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...


In an interview with Computerworld Magazine, a former business associate described his relationship with al-Qadi: "I met him a few times and talked to him a few times on the telephone. He never talked to me about violence. Instead, he talked very highly of his relationship with [former President] Jimmy Carter and [Vice President] Dick Cheney."[69] Richard Bruce Dick Cheney (born January 30, 1941), is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. ...


The Muwafaq Foundation, which U.S. authorities have confirmed was an arm of bin Laden's terror organization, was headed by Yassin al-Qadi,[70] who was also known as the owner of Ptech[71] -- a company that has supplied high-tech computer systems to the FBI, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the United States Congress, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Federal Aviation Administration, and the White House. A former FBI Counter Terrorism Agent commented: "For someone like [al-Qadi] to be involved in a capacity, in an organization, a company that has access to classified information, that has access to government open or classified computer systems, would be of grave concern." Yacub Mirza— “a senior official of major radical Islamic organizations that have been linked by the US government to terrorism” —has recently been on Ptech's board of directors; and Hussein Ibrahim, the Vice President and Chief Scientist of Ptech, was vice chairman of a now defunct investment group called BMI, a company the FBI has named as a conduit used by 'al-Qadi' to launder money to Hamas terrorists.[72][73] Ptech Inc. ... Seal of the Internal Revenue Service Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Part of the Taxation series        “IRS” redirects here. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... USN redirects here. ... NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on April 4, 1949. ... “FAA” redirects here. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...


United States

According to Senator Bob Graham, who was chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee from June 2001 through the buildup to the Iraq war, "Two of the Sept. 11, 2001, hijackers had a support network in the United States that included agents of the Saudi government, and the Bush administration and FBI blocked a congressional investigation into that relationship," as reported by the Miami Herald. Daniel Robert Graham (born November 9, 1936) is an American politician. ... The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by Knight Ridder. ...


"And in Graham's book, Intelligence Matters, obtained by The Herald Saturday, he makes clear that some details of that financial support from Saudi Arabia were in the 27 pages of the congressional inquiry's final report that were blocked from release by the administration, despite the pleas of leaders of both parties on the House and Senate intelligence committees."[74]


See also

Justification for Terrorism refers to the act of defining motive or justification for instances of terrorism. ...

References

  1. ^ Rolince, Michael E., Acting Assistant Director in Charge, FBI (June 24, 2003). "The Inspector General's Report and the September 11th Response", Congressional Testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
  2. ^ FBI Announces List of 19 Hijackers. Federal Bureau of Investigation (September 14, 2001). Retrieved on 2006-09-07.
  3. ^ Dorman, Michael. "Unraveling 9-11 was in the bags", Newsday (New York), April 17, 2006. 
  4. ^ Reaves, Jessica (January 2, 2002). The Case Against Zacarias Moussaoui. Time.
  5. ^ Press Release. Federal Bureau of Investigation (September 27, 2001).
  6. ^ "Latest on the attacks on America, 7:00 p.m.", CBS News, September 11, 2001. 
  7. ^ Watson, Dale L., Executive Assistant Director, Counterterrorism/Counterintelligence Division, FBI (February 6, 2002). "The Terrorist Threat Confronting the United States", Congressional Testimony before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
  8. ^ Responsibility for the Terrorist Atrocities in the United States, 11 September 2001. 10 Downing Street, Office of the Prime Minister of the U.K. (2001, November 14). Retrieved on 2006-09-29.
  9. ^ a b c Johnson, Glen (November 23, 2001). Probe reconstructs horror, calculated attacks on planes.
  10. ^ Calm Before the Crash. ABC News (July 18, 2002).
  11. ^ Investigating 9-11 -- The doomed flights. San Francisco Chronicle (July 23, 2004).
  12. ^ Flight 93: Forty lives, one destiny. Post-gazette (October 28, 2001).
  13. ^ Context of '(9:37 a.m.) September 11, 2001: Flight 93 Passenger Jeremy Glick Describes Hijackers, Bomb'. Cooperative Research: history commons.
  14. ^ Lawrence Freedman (2002-08-22). Out of Nowhere?. BBC. Archived from the original on 2007-05-27. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  15. ^ Phil Hirschkorn (2003-02-26). New York remembers 1993 WTC victims. CNN. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  16. ^ Phil Hirschkorn (2003-02-26). New York remembers 1993 WTC victims. CNN. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  17. ^ Lawrence Freedman (2002-08-22). Out of Nowhere?. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  18. ^ Swansea student links to Bin Laden. BBC (2001-09-18). Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  19. ^ Benjamin Weiser. "Judges Uphold Convictions In '93 Bombing", New York Times, 2003-04-05, pp. Section D, Page 5, Column 6. Retrieved on 2006-10-16. 
  20. ^ 1993: World Trade Center bomb terrorises New York. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  21. ^ Arabic network claims taped 9/11 confessions. CNN (2002-09-06). Retrieved on 2006-09-26.
  22. ^ Shaykh Usamah Bin-Muhammad Bin-Ladin; Ayman al-Zawahiri, Abu-Yasir Rifa'i Ahmad Taha, Shaykh Mir Hamzah, Fazlur Rahman (1998-02-23). World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders: Initial "Fatwa" Statement (Arabic). al-Quds al-Arabi. Retrieved on 2006-09-10.
  23. ^ Shaykh Usamah Bin-Muhammad Bin-Ladin; Ayman al-Zawahiri, Abu-Yasir Rifa'i Ahmad Taha, Shaykh Mir Hamzah, Fazlur Rahman (1998-02-23). Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders. World Islamic Front Statement (English). al-Quds al-Arabi. Retrieved on 2006-09-24. English language version of the fatwa translated by the Federation of American Scientists of the original Arabic document published in the newspaper al-Quds al-Arabi (London, U.K.) on 23 February, 1998, p. 3
  24. ^ Yusufzai, Rahimullah. "Conversation With Terror", TIME Magazine, 1999-01-11. Retrieved on 2006-09-28. 
  25. ^ Arabic network claims taped 9/11 confessions (2002-09-06). Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
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  31. ^ "Terror plot echoes 1995 Pacific planes scheme", Taipei Times, 2006-08-12, pp. 6. 
  32. ^ Johnna Villaviray. "The downside to glossing over intelligence data", Manila Times, 2002-09-11. Retrieved on 2003-03-05. 
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  37. ^ Barakat, Matthew (March 8, 2006). Moussaoui Jury Watches Video Testimony. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
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  44. ^ http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm
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  46. ^ Bin Laden says he wasn't behind attacks. CNN (2001-09-17). Retrieved on 2006-09-29.
  47. ^ Pakistan to Demand Taliban Give Up Bin Laden as Iran Seals Afghan Border. Fox News (2001-09-16). Retrieved on 2006-09-29.
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  49. ^ Bin Laden says he wasn't behind attacks. CNN (2001-09-17). Retrieved on 2006-09-29.
  50. ^ Kurtz, Howard. "Interview Sheds Light On Bin Laden's Views", The Washington Post, 2002-02-07, pp. A12. Retrieved on 2006-09-28. 
  51. ^ Al-Jazeera statement and CNN response on bin Laden interview. CNN (2002-01-31). Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
  52. ^ Bin Laden's sole post-September 11 TV interview aired. CNN (2002-02-05). Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
  53. ^ Transcript of Bin Laden's October interview. CNN (2002-02-05). Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
  54. ^ TRANSCRIPT OF USAMA BIN LADEN VIDEO TAPE (September 13, 2001). Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  55. ^ Full text: bin Laden's 'letter to America'. Guardian Unlimited (November 2002;). Retrieved on 2007-01-06.
  56. ^ Bin Laden tape: Text. BBC (2003-02-12). Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
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  58. ^ Germany releases terror suspect. BBC (2006-02-07). Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  59. ^ Acquittal of 9/11 suspect upheld (2005-06-09). Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  60. ^ Leiby, Richard (May 18 2002). "A Cloak But No Dagger". Washington Post: C01. 
  61. ^ 500 error. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  62. ^ As of last access redirects to Cooperative Research homepage. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  63. ^ As of last access redirects to Rocky Mountain News Local homepage. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  64. ^ As of last access redirects to Cooperative Research homepage. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  65. ^ NEWSNIGHT Greg Palest report transcript. BBC News (6/11/01). Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  66. ^ Crogan, Jim (July 31, 2002). Another FBI Agent Blows the Whistle. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  67. ^ Cooperative Research search result for 'Robert Wright'. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  68. ^ Fact Sheet: Updated State Dept List of Identified Terrorists and Groups. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (October 11, 2002). Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  69. ^ Verton, Dan (January 17, 2003). Ptech workers tell the story behind the search. Computerworld. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  70. ^ Schwartz, Stephen (04/08 2002). "Wahhabis in the Old Dominion" 7 (29). Retrieved on 2006-04-27. 
  71. ^ Customs searches software firm near Boston. CNN.com (December 6, 2002). Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  72. ^ How Much did the FBI know about P Tech?. CBS4 Boston (Dec 9, 2002). Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  73. ^ Cooperative Research search result for 'al-Qadi'. Retrieved on 2006-04-27.
  74. ^ Graham book: Inquiry into 9/11, Saudi ties blocked. Miami Herald.com. Archived from the original on 2004-09-07.

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CBS News logo, used from Sept. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the day. ... The Taipei Times is one of the three English-language newspapers in Taiwan, the other two being the Taiwan News and the China Post. ... The Taipei Times is one of the three English-language newspapers in Taiwan, the other two being the Taiwan News and the China Post. ... The Manila Times is the oldest newspaper in the Philippines that is still published. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the day. ... 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Further reading

  • McDermott, Terry (2005). Perfect Soldiers : The 9/11 Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It. Politico's Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84275-145-X. 
  • 1000 YEARS FOR REVENGE: International Terrorism and the FBI by Peter Lance (2003). Covers the plotting, motives, and unsuccessful investigations of Al Qaeda in the US leading up to 9/11. ISBN 0-06-054354-X

Peter Lance is a investigative reporter now working as a screenwriter and novelist. ...

External links

v • d • e
Reported September 11th Hijackers
Flight 11 Mohamed Atta · Satam al-Suqami · Waleed al-Shehri · Wail al-Shehri · Abdulaziz al-Omari
Flight 175 Marwan al-Shehhi · Fayez Banihammad · Mohand al-Shehri · Hamza al-Ghamdi · Ahmed al-Ghamdi
Flight 77 Hani Hanjour · Khalid al-Mihdhar · Majed Moqed · Nawaf al-Hazmi · Salem al-Hazmi
Flight 93 Ziad Jarrah · Ahmed al-Nami · Saeed al-Ghamdi · Ahmed al-Haznawi
Suspected
20th Hijackers		 Ramzi Binalshibh · Mohamed al-Kahtani · Zacarias Moussaoui · Mushabib al-Hamlan · Zakariya Essabar · Ali Abdul Aziz Ali · Tawfiq bin Attash · Khalid al Zahrani
Wrongly Accused Lotfi Raissi · Amer Kamfar · Ameer Bukhari · Adnan Bukhari · Abdul al-Omari

  Results from FactBites:
 
September 11, 2001 attacks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (7048 words)
In a 2004 video, apparently acknowledging responsibility for the attacks, bin Laden states that he was motivated by the 1982 Lebanon War, for which he held the U.S. partially responsible.
On September 20, 2001, the president spoke before the nation and a joint session of the United States Congress, regarding the events of that day, the intervening nine days of rescue and recovery efforts, and his intent in response to those events.
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission), chaired by former New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean, was formed in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the attacks, including preparedness for, and the immediate response to, the attacks.
Responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (4208 words)
Responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks rests with the individuals who carried out suicide attacks, the individuals that financed and aided the operations, and organizational co-conspirators that aided or trained these individuals.
Initial reports following the attacks indicated that the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a Palestinian militant group, had claimed responsibility for the attacks, but this was denied by a senior leader of the group soon after.
The Taliban subsequently denounced the attack and claimed that it was not connected to Osama bin Laden, the Muslim leader living in Afghanistan whom the U.S. government declared the prime suspect.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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