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Encyclopedia > Retracted tongue root

In phonetics, retracted tongue root, abbreviated RTR or –ATR, is the retraction of the base of the tongue in the pharynx during the pronunciation of a vowel. It is in effect partial pharyngealization, although it may contrast with full pharyngealization. The diacritic for RTR in the International Phonetic Alphabet is the right tack, [  ̙]. Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone = sound/voice) is the study of sounds (voice). ... The pharynx is the part of the digestive system of many animals immediately behind the mouth and in front of the esophagus. ... Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-18, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Pharyngealisation is a secondary feature of phonemes in a language. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet. ...


RTR vowels involve a certain tension in the tongue, and often in the lips and jaw as well. The term was invented to describe the articulation of this literal case of "tense" vowels, since the word "tense" had been so over used in European phonetics that it had lost any real meaning.


In languages where they occur, retracted tongue root vowels very often contrast with advanced tongue root vowels in a system of vowel harmony. This is ubiquitous in large parts of West Africa. In linguistics, a language is said to possess vowel harmony (also metaphony) when it has a phonological rule that requires all vowels in a word to belong to a single class. ... West Africa is the region of western Africa that, most strictly speaking, includes the countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte dIvoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. ...


See advanced tongue root for a fuller description.


  Results from FactBites:
 
Contrastive Vowels (257 words)
When the tongue root is moved forward, this is referred to as Advanced Tongue Root (+ATR or "close"); when the tongue root is in a neutral or retracted position, the sound is referred to as Non-advanced or Retracted Tongue Root (-ATR or "open").
Tongue Root: For some languages, linguists have proposed that it may be a downward movement of the larynx that creates the larger pharyngeal cavity.
But whether it is a movement of the tongue root or a movement of the larynx, the significant feature is enlargement of the pharyngeal cavity.
Advanced tongue root - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (189 words)
In phonetics, advanced tongue root, abbreviated ATR or +ATR, or expanded, is the expansion of the pharyngeal cavity by moving the base of the tongue forward, and often lowering the larynx, during the pronunciation of a vowel.
In languages where they occur, advanced tongue root vowels very often contrast with retracted tongue root vowels in a system of vowel harmony.
ATR vowels involve a certain tension in the tongue, and often in the lips and jaw as well; This tension can often be heard as a "brightness" (narrow formants) compared to RTR vowels.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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