Retrodiction (or postdiction, though this should not be confused with the use of the term in criticisms of Postdiction, post-shadowing, retroactive clairvoyance, and prediction after the fact are terms used by critics to refer to those who use hindsight to claim to have predicted a significant event such as a plane crash or natural disaster. It is typically skeptics who use these terms in response to claims... parapsychological research) is the act of making a Prediction of future events is an ancient human wish. An apocryphal saying states: it is difficult to make predictions, especially about the future. However, the desire to make predictions remains as strong as ever, and is an important part of almost every aspect of human life. In a scientific context... prediction about the past. This is especially useful when one wishes to test a theory whose actual predictions are too long-term to be of immediate use. The theory is used to manipulate data concerning the more distant past in order to predict an event in the less distant past. This is useful in, for example, the fields of Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes... archaeology, This article is about biological evolution. For other possible meanings, see Evolution (disambiguation). Charles Darwin, the father of evolutionary theory Evolution generally refers to any process of change over time. In the context of life science, evolution is a change in the genetic makeup of a population of interbreeding individuals... evolutionary biology, Forensics or forensic science is the application of science to questions which are of interest to the legal system. For example, forensic pathology is the study of the human body to determine cause and manner of death. Criminalistics is the application of various sciences to answer questions relating to examination... forensic science, and Cosmology is the study of the large-scale structure and history of the universe. In particular, it deals with subjects regarding its origin and evolution. It is studied by Astronomy, Philosophy, and Religion. See also cosmogony. Subjects in cosmology include: Physical cosmology The Big Bang The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson... cosmology.