Revco Discount Drug Stores (known simply as Revco or Revco, D.S.), once based in Twinsburg, Ohio, was a major drug store chain operating through the Ohio Valley, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the Southeastern United States. The chain's stock was traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker RXR. When it was sold, the chain had over 2,500 stores. Image File history File links Revco logo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Twinsburg is a city located in Summit County, Ohio. ... Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον = drug) is the profession of compounding and dispensing medication. ... Carl D. Perkins Bridge in Portsmouth, Ohio with Ohio River and Scioto River tributary on right. ... The Mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America, located in the northeastern section of the country, includes the following states and district: Delaware Maryland New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Washington, D.C. West Virginia Virginia These areas provided the young United States with heavy industry and served as... New York Stock Exchange (June 2003) The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), also nicknamed the Big Board, is the largest stock exchange in the world (by dollar volume) and second largest by number of listings. ... Ticker (2001) is an action film, directed by Albert Pyun. ...

History

Revco was founded in 1961 by Sidney Dworkin and Bernie Shulman. Dworkin led Revco until 1983 as CEO, and then he served as Chairman until 1987. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ... A chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ...

Up until 1983, Revco grew tremendously; the chain had over 2,200 stores and over $2.2 billion dollars in sales. The chain then began to stumble. In 1983, its vitamins were blamed for the deaths of thirty-eight infants. In order to prevent a hostile takeover and increase short-term profitability, Dworkin then led the chain into a deal that would seal its fate many years later. Under his leadership, Revco purchased a company called Odd Lots Trading, now known as Big Lots, a close-out retailer. Revco's management lost its focus on the drug store portion of its business due to problems with Odd Lots, and earnings tumbled. A takeover in commerce refers to one company (the acquirer) purchasing another (the target). ... Big Lots store Big Lots Inc. ...

Bankruptcy

In 1986, Revco was the target of a leveraged buyout. Part of the buyout deal was to reduce costs by closing stores and by reducing inventory to repay debts. This left the company with a shortfall of cash, and suppliers stopped shipping inventory, causing the chain to lose customers. This eventually caused the chain to file for bankruptcy in 1988. Revco was bailed out of bankruptcy by investor Sam Zell, and it emerged from bankruptcy in 1992. A leveraged buyout (or LBO, or highly-leveraged transaction (HLT), or bootstrap transaction) occurs when a financial sponsor gains control of a majority of a target companys equity through the use of borrowed money or debt. ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, administration - see text) in the UK. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ...

Emergence from Bankruptcy

Revco's turnaround from bankruptcy was and is often still considered the "model" of a business recovering from bankruptcy. The chain closed many underperforming stores (including closing all stores that were west of the Mississippi River), reduced costs, introduced computerized point-of-sale systems, and introduced a new store design to help increase sales. The chain shrunk from about 2,200 stores to about 1,500 stores during this period. This article is about the river in the United States. ... POS or PoS is an abbreviation for point of sale (or point of service). ...

The hallmark of the new store designs was the arrangement of the store aisles. Half the store had aisles that ran from the front of the store to the back in straight rows. Seasonal merchandise, food, greeting cards, baby supplies, hardware and office supplies were in this half of the store. The other half of the store, the health and beauty sections, had their aisles slanted so customers could see down the aisles as they walked from the front doors to the pharmacy, which was in the back of the store. A very wide main aisle led from the front door to the pharmacy, and this aisle separated the slanted aisles from the "straight aisles". While many drug stores in the U.S. have variations of this design today, it was a departure at the time from the usual all front-to-back, straight aisles.

The new stores also were decorated in soft blues and greys, had track lighting, and low hanging lights over the greeting cards, all which gave the store a "soft" appearance, a contrast to many overly bright stores. Revco introduced strict rules about having no handwritten signs or merchandise displays sitting directly on the floor, which it thought gave the stores a cleaner look. It also required its employees to dress extremely professionally, with men wearing ties. All front-end employees had to wear a navy blue smock.

After emerging from bankruptcy, the chain grew tremendously again, increasing its store count to over 2,500 stores. Part of this growth came from the purchase of over 800 Hook's/SupeRx drug stores in 1994 in the Mid-Atlantic region and Midwest, and Big B drug stores in the southeast, which was its last purchase, made in 1996. Hooks Drug Stores was an Indianapolis, Indiana-based drug store chain which was founded in 1900 by John A. Hook. ... Big B Drug Stores aka Big B Durgs was a regional chain of pharmacies that was located in the southeastern United States. ...

Sale of the company

In order to help Zell recover his investment in the company, the company's management was under pressure to sell the company. In 1996, Revco entered into an agreement with Rite Aid to be bought out. The Federal Trade Commission sued to stop the buyout saying that Rite-Aid would become a monopoly in many markets because Rite Aid and Revco had many overlapping stores. A typical Rite Aid pharmacy. ... FTC headquarters, Washington, D.C. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an Independent Agency of the United States Government, established in 1914. ... In economics, a monopoly (from the Greek monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a kind of product or service. ...

The chain was purchased by CVS/pharmacy in June of 1997, and CVS converted all the 2,552 Revco stores to the CVS masthead. CVS Corporation, NYSE: CVS is the largest pharmacy chain in the United States, based on store count. ... A masthead refers to the top of a mast of a ship. ...

The sale of company can be linked back to Revco's bankruptcy which was caused, indirectly, by the purchase of Odd Lots in 1983.

CEOs

• Sidney Dworkin (1961-1983)
• ? (1983-1987)
• Boake Sells (1987-1992)
• D. Dwayne Hoven (1992-1997, last CEO)

Promotions and Discount Programs

Revco was well-known for its "A Friend for Life" slogan and senior citizen's discount program, called "Senior Shoppers" (in which customers over 65 received 10% off their purchase every Wednesday). Revco also had a discount program for customers with disabilities (called "Helping Hands") and for baby supplies (called "Baby Bunch").

At the time, it was highly unusual for a chain of Revco's size to offer such discount programs, and the chain was extremely popular with customers because of these programs. Revco may have been well ahead of its time, as its discount programs resembled today's loyalty card programs used by grocery stores and CVS. Revco had customers fill out an information card with their contact information and gave them a card to identify their participation in the discount program (though Revco did not track purchases as many loyalty card programs do today). In marketing generally and in retailing more specifically, a loyalty card, rewards card, points card, or club card is a plastic card, visually similar to a credit card or debit card, that identifies the card holder as a member in a commercial incentives programme. ... ...

Revco used Mary Lou Retton, a U.S. gymnast, as an advertising spokeswoman in the 1990s, who often began commercials by saying, "And another thing...". Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968 in Fairmont, West Virginia) is an American gymnast. ... Gymnasts are people who participate in the sports of either artistic gymnastics or rhythmic gymnastics. ...

Ironically, Rite Aid now offers a similar discount program to "Senior Shoppers", called "Living More". This may be attributed to the fact that Rite-Aid's James P. Mastrian, who is the Executive Vice President of Marketing, held the same position at Revco from 1994 to 1997.

Prescription Access Link

Revco was one of the first drug store chains in the country to have a centralized pharmacy computer system, which it called Prescription Access Link (PAL). This system allowed each Revco access to any other Revco's prescription information. It highly advertised this system to customers, which allowed a customer to go any Revco to have their prescription refilled without the stores having to call each other on the phone. While this type of system is the norm in drug stores today, it was revolutionary when Revco used it. PAL was introduced to Revco stores during its emergence from bankruptcy. Prescription has various meanings. ...

The Revco Marathon

Revco founded and sponsored a very popular marathon in Cleveland, Ohio, which was often referred to as "The Revco" (its full name was "The Revco Marathon and 10K"). After CVS bought Revco, the race became known as the "CVS Marathon and 10K" before CVS dropped its sponsorship in the early 2000s. Ironically, the race is now sponsored by Rite Aid. Modern day marathon runners The word marathon refers to a long-distance road running event of 42. ... Nickname: The Forest City Motto: Progress and Prosperity Official website: www. ...

Factoids

• In Revco's free standing stores, the slanted aisles had an open ceiling above them; the other aisles had a drop ceiling over them (see Emergence from Bankruptcy section) . In these stores today, which are now CVS stores, the open ceiling and drop ceiling are still in place (though all the aisles are now straight).