This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (October 2007)

The Revisionist Western, Modern Western or Anti Western traces to the late 1960s and early 1970s as a sub-genre of the Western movie. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... This list includes popular, acclaimed, and otherwise significant (for whatever reason) films of all countries from 1960 to 1969. ... The decade of the 1970s in film involved many significant films. ... A genre [], (French: kind or sort from Greek: γένος (genos)) is a loose set of criteria for a category of literary composition; the term is also used for any other form of art or utterance. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Some post WW II Western films began to question the ideals and style of the "traditional" Western. Elements include a darker, more cynical tone, with focus on the lawlessness of the time period, favoring "realism" over "romanticism". Anti-heroes are common, as are stronger roles for women and more sympathetic portrayal of American Indians and Mexicans, and critical views of big business, the American government, and masculine figures (including the military, and their policies). Modern Westerns also often feature increased use of violence, nontraditional sexuality and black humor. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... In literature and film, an anti-hero is a central or supporting character that has some of the personality flaws and ultimate fortune traditionally assigned to villains but nonetheless also have enough heroic qualities or intentions to gain the sympathy of readers or viewers. ... Diverse women. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... The U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1789 by a constitutional convention, sets down the basic framework of American government in its seven articles. ... Black comedy, also known as black humor, is a subgenre of comedy and satire that deals with serious subjects – death, divorce, drug abuse, et cetera in a humorous manner. ...

Beginnings

As is the case with film noir, many filmmakers responsible for early Revisionist Western were unaware they were part of a larger trend in filmmaking and, as such, did not necessarily consider their films "revisionist". This still from The Big Combo (1955) demonstrates the visual style of film noir at its most extreme. ...

1953's Shane is such a film, with its handsome filmmaking and conservative values, but its ambiguous ending questions the viability of the traditional western hero. 1956's The Searchers starred John Wayne, the typical Western movie hero in what would appear on the surface to be a standard "Cowboys and Indians" conflict. Some critics and audiences, however, found the film subtly critical of the standard Wayne archetype. Martin Scorsese, for instance, cites The Searchers as an influence on his Taxi Driver (1976). Fred Zinnemann's movie High Noon (1952) is widely considered the first revisionist western.^{[citation needed]} Shane is a 1953 western film made by Paramount Pictures. ... For other uses, see Hero (disambiguation). ... The Searchers is a 1956 epic Western film directed by John Ford, which tells the story of Ethan Edwards, a bitter, middle-aged loner and Civil War veteran played by John Wayne, who spends years looking for his abducted niece. ... For other persons named John Wayne, see John Wayne (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Archetype (disambiguation). ... Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorsese (IPA: AmE: ; Ita: []) (born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, writer and producer and founder of the World Cinema Foundation. ... This article is about the 1976 American film. ... Fred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907–March 14, 1997) was an Austrian-American film director. ... High Noon is a 1952 western film which tells the story of a town marshal who is forced to face a gang of killers by himself. ...

Hollywood Revisionist Westerns

Main article: Acid Western

Most Westerns from the 1960s to the present have revisionist themes. Many were made by emerging major filmmakers who saw the Western as an opportunity to expand their criticism of American society and values into a new genre. Films in this category include Sam Peckinpah's Ride the High Country (1962) and The Wild Bunch (1969), Arthur Penn's Little Big Man (1970) and Robert Altman's McCabe and Mrs. Miller (1971). Acid Western is a sub-genre of the Western film that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s that combined the metaphorical ambitions of top-shelf westerns, like Shane and The Searchers, with the excesses of the Spaghetti Westerns and the irrelevant outlook of the counter-culture. ... American cultural icons, apple pie, baseball, and the American flag. ... David Samuel Sam Peckinpah (February 21, 1925 – December 28, 1984) was an American film director who achieved iconic status following the release of his 1969 Western epic The Wild Bunch. ... Ride the High Country is a noted 1962 western film. ... This article is about the live-action fiction movie. ... Arthur Penn (born September 27, 1922 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a film director of thoughtful films that dont always find an audience. ... Little Big Man is a 1970 film directed by Arthur Penn and based on the 1964 novel by Thomas Berger. ... For other persons named Robert Altman, see Robert Altman (disambiguation). ... McCabe and Mrs. ...

Since the late 1960s, independent filmmakers have produced revisionist and hallucinogenic films, later identified as acid westerns, that radically turn the usual trappings of the western genre inside out to critique capitalism and the counterculture. Monte Hellman's The Shooting and Ride in the Whirlwind (1966), Alejandro Jodorowsky's El Topo (1970), Robert Downey Sr.'s Greaser's Palace (1972), Alex Cox's Walker (1987), and Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man (1995) fall under this category.^[1] Acid Western is a sub-genre of the Western film that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s that combined the metaphorical ambitions of top-shelf westerns, like Shane and The Searchers, with the excesses of the Spaghetti Westerns and the irrelevant outlook of the counter-culture. ... Monte Hellman (born in 1932 in New York City, New York) is an American film director, producer, and film editor. ... The Shooting is a 1967 film starring Jack Nicholson and Millie Perkins . ... Ride in the Whirlwind is a 1965 film was written , producer and star by Jack Nicholson. ... Alejandro (or Alexandro) Jodorowsky Alejandro Jodorowsky or Alexandro Jodorowsky (IPA: ) (born February 7, 1929, in Tocopilla, Chile) is an actor, playwright, director, producer, composer, mime, comic book writer and psychotherapist born to Ashkenazi Jewish parents of Russian origin. ... El Topo (The Mole) is a 1970 Mexican allegorical, cult western movie and underground film, directed by and starring Alejandro Jodorowsky. ... Robert Downey Sr. ... Alexander Morton Cox (b. ... Walker is a 1987 motion picture by British director Alex Cox based on the life story of William Walker, the American filibuster who invaded Mexico in the 1850s and made himself President of Nicaragua shortly thereafter. ... Jim Jarmusch Jim Jarmusch (born January 22, 1953 in Akron, Ohio) is a noted American independent film director. ... Dead Man is a 1995 film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. ...

Other films, such as those directed by Clint Eastwood were made by professionals familiar with the Western as a criticism and expansion against and beyond the genre. Eastwood's film The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976) made use of strong supporting roles for women and Native Americans. Unforgiven (1992), which Eastwood directed from an original screenplay by David Webb Peoples, dramatically criticized the typical Western use of violence to promote false ideals of manhood and to subjugate women and minorities. This article is about the actor/producer/director. ... This article is about the actor/producer/director. ... The Outlaw Josey Wales is a 1976 revisionist Western movie set at the end of the American Civil War starring Clint Eastwood (as the eponymous Josey Wales), Chief Dan George, Sondra Locke, Bill McKinney, John Vernon, Paula Trueman, Sam Bottoms, Geraldine Keams, Woodrow Parfrey, Joyce Jameson, Sheb Wooley, and Royal... This article is about the 1992 film. ... David Webb Peoples (born c. ... “Minority” redirects here. ...

Spaghetti Westerns

Once Upon a Time in the West, in true Sergio Leone style, ends with an extended shootout scene between Harmonica (Charles Bronson) and Frank (Henry Fonda). The film is a critique of the American Dream and Western mythology

Main article: Spaghetti Western

Foreign markets, which had imported the Western since their silent film inception, began creating their own Westerns early on. However, a unique brand of western emerged in Europe in the 1960s as an off-shoot of the Revisionist Western. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Sergio Leone (January 3, 1929 – April 30, 1989) was an Italian film director. ... For other persons named Charles Bronson, see Charles Bronson (disambiguation). ... Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was a highly acclaimed Academy Award-winning American film and stage actor, best known for his roles as plain-speaking idealists. ... For other uses, see American Dream (disambiguation). ... Clint Eastwood as the Man with No Name in A Fistful of Dollars Once Upon a Time in the West, in true Sergio Leone style, ends with an extended shootout scene between Harmonica (Charles Bronson) and Frank (Henry Fonda). ... A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

The Spaghetti Western became the nickname, originally disparagingly, for this broad sub-genre, so named because of their Italian background and financing. Originally they had in common the Italian language, low budgets, and a recognizable highly fluid, violent, minimalist cinematography that helped eschew (some said "demythologize") many of the conventions of earlier Westerns. They were often made in Spain, especially Andalucia, whose dry ruggedness resembled the American south west. Clint Eastwood as the Man with No Name in A Fistful of Dollars Once Upon a Time in the West, in true Sergio Leone style, ends with an extended shootout scene between Harmonica (Charles Bronson) and Frank (Henry Fonda). ... Italian ( , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people,[2] primarily in Italy. ... ‹ The template below is being considered for deletion. ... Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andaluc a por s , para Espa a y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humanity) Capital Seville Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 2nd 87 268 km 17,2% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 1st 7 478 432 17,9% 85,70...

Red Western

Gojko Mitić as chief Tokei-itho in The Sons of the Great Mother Bear

Main article: Ostern

The Ostern or Red Western, was the Soviet Bloc's reply to the Western, and arose in around the same period as the Revisionist Western. While many Red Westerns concentrated on aspects of Soviet/East European history, some others like the Czech Lemonade Joe (1964) and the East German The Sons of the Great Mother Bear (1966) tried to demythologise the Western myth in different ways: Lemonade Joe by sending up the more ridiculous aspects of marketing, and The Sons of the Great Mother Bear by showing how American natives were exploited repeatedly, and is taken from the native, rather than white settler viewpoint. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Gojko Mitić as Winnetou Gojko Mitić (Гojкo Митић) (b. ... The Sons of the Great Mother Bear, or Die Söhne der großen Bärin was a German language Red Western of 1966. ... The Ostern (Eastern) or Red Western was the Soviet Union and Iron Curtain countries take on the Western movie. ... The Ostern (Eastern) or Red Western was the Soviet Union and Iron Curtain countries take on the Western movie. ... During the Cold War, the Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) comprised the following Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania (until the early 1960s, see below), the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia. ... Lemonade Joe (Limonadový Joe) is a Czechoslovakian film of 1964, directed by OldÅ™ich Lipský and written by Jiří Brdečka, based on his own novel and theatre play. ... The Sons of the Great Mother Bear, or Die Söhne der großen Bärin was a German language Red Western of 1966. ...

A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines (1987) was a reflexive satire on the Western film itself. It was also highly unusual in being one of the few examples in Soviet film of a) post-modernism, and b) a major film directed by a woman. A Man from the Boulevard des Capuchines (Russian: , transliteration: Chelovek s bulvara Kaputsinov) is a comedy Red Western film of 1987 (Mosfilm production) with a nod to the advent of silent film, and the transforming power of celluloid. ...

List of Revisionist Westerns

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness.

Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.

Films

• Broken Arrow (1950)^{[citation needed]}
• High Noon (1952)
• The Naked Spur (1953)
• Shane (1953)
• Forty Guns (1957)
• The Magnificent Seven (1960)
• One-Eyed Jacks (1961)
• The Misfits (1961)
• The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962)
• Ride the High Country (1962)
• Lemonade Joe (1964)
• Ride in the Whirlwind (1965)
• The Sons of the Great Bear (1966)
• The Professionals (1966)
• Hombre (1967)
• The Shooting (1967)
• Hang 'Em High (1968)
• Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
• Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here (1969)
• The Wild Bunch (1969)
• Little Big Man (1970)
• Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970)
• Soldier Blue (1970)
• A Man Called Horse (1970)
• El Topo (The Mole) (1970)
• McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971)
• The Hired Hand (1971)
• Ulzana's Raid (1972)
• Dirty Little Billy (1972)
• The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
• Bad Company (1972)
• High Plains Drifter (1973)
• Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973)
• The Missouri Breaks (1976)
• The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976)
• Pale Rider (1985)
• A Man from the Boulevard des Capuchines (1987)
• Young Guns (1988)
• Dances with Wolves (1990)
• Unforgiven (1992)
• Tombstone (1993)
• Dead Man (1995)
• The Quick and the Dead (1995)
• Ravenous (1999)
• Tears of the Black Tiger (2000)
• The Missing (2003)
• Open Range (2003)
• Blueberry (2004)
• Brokeback Mountain (2005)
• The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005)
• The Proposition (2005)
• Down in the Valley (2006)
• Broken Trail (2006)
• Sugar Creek (2006)
• Seraphim Falls (2007)
• 3:10 To Yuma (2007)
• The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007)
• No Country for Old Men (2007)

Broken Arrow was the name of a western released in 1950. ... High Noon is a 1952 western film which tells the story of a town marshal who is forced to face a gang of killers by himself. ... The Naked Spur is a 1953 western movie about a man who is searching for a murderer to collect the bounty on his head. ... Shane is a 1953 western film made by Paramount Pictures. ... Forty Guns is writer-director Samuel Fullers 1958 western released by the 20th Century Fox studio. ... The Magnificent Seven is a 1960 western film directed by John Sturges about a group of hired gunmen tasked with protecting a Mexican village from bandits. ... One-Eyed Jacks, a western movie released in 1961, is the only film directed by Marlon Brando, who replaced the original director, Stanley Kubrick. ... The Misfits is a 1961 American film, written by Arthur Miller, directed by John Huston, and starring Clark Gable, Marilyn Monroe, Montgomery Clift, Eli Wallach, and Thelma Ritter. ... The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance is a classic Western movie made in 1962, starring James Stewart, John Wayne and Lee Marvin, and directed by John Ford. ... Ride the High Country is a noted 1962 western film. ... Lemonade Joe (Limonadový Joe) is a Czechoslovakian film of 1964, directed by Oldřich Lipský and written by Jiří Brdečka, based on his own novel and theatre play. ... Ride in the Whirlwind is a 1965 film was written , producer and star by Jack Nicholson. ... The cover of the German VHS release of The Sons of the Great Bear. ... The Professionals is a 1966 Western movie directed by Richard Brooks. ... Hombre is a 1967 western film starring Paul Newman. ... The Shooting is a 1967 film starring Jack Nicholson and Millie Perkins . ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a 1969 Western film that tells the story of bank robber Butch Cassidy (played by Paul Newman) and his partner The Sundance Kid (played by Robert Redford). ... Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here is a movie released in 1969 written and directed by the once black-listed Abraham Polonsky. ... This article is about the live-action fiction movie. ... Little Big Man is a 1970 film directed by Arthur Penn and based on the 1964 novel by Thomas Berger. ... Two Mules for Sister Sara is a western movie starring Clint Eastwood and Shirley MacLaine. ... Soldier Blue is an American western movie made in 1970 and directed by Ralph Nelson. ... A Man Called Horse is a 1970 feature film starring Richard Harris and directed by Elliot Silverstein. ... El Topo (The Mole) is a 1970 Mexican allegorical, cult western movie and underground film, directed by and starring Alejandro Jodorowsky. ... McCabe & Mrs. ... The Hired Hand is a 1971 western film directed by Peter Fonda, with a screenplay by Alan Sharp. ... Ulzanas Raid is a 1972 Western directed by Robert Aldrich, written by Alan Sharp and starring Burt Lancaster. ... Dirty Little Billy is a western film released in 1972 and was the directoral debut of Stan Dragoti. ... The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean is a 1972 western movie written by John Milius, directed by John Huston, and starring Paul Newman (at the height of his career, between Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and The Sting). ... Bad Company is a 1972 American Western film directed by Robert Benton, who also co-wrote the film with David Newman. ... High Plains Drifter is a 1973 Revisionist Western film starring and directed by Clint Eastwood, wherein he plays a character clearly influenced by the Man with No Name from Sergio Leones A Fistful of Dollars and its sequels, and also Django the Bastard - 1969. ... Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid is a 1973 film directed by Sam Peckinpah and starring James Coburn and Kris Kristofferson. ... The Missouri Breaks is a 1976 western film starring Jack Nicholson and Marlon Brando. ... The Outlaw Josey Wales is a 1976 revisionist Western movie set at the end of the American Civil War starring Clint Eastwood (as the eponymous Josey Wales), Chief Dan George, Sondra Locke, Bill McKinney, John Vernon, Paula Trueman, Sam Bottoms, Geraldine Keams, Woodrow Parfrey, Joyce Jameson, Sheb Wooley, and Royal... Pale Rider is a 1985 Western film, directed by and starring Clint Eastwood. ... A Man from the Boulevard des Capuchines (Chelovek s bulvara Kaputsinov/Человек с бульвара Капуцинов) is a comedy Red Western film of 1987 with a nod to the advent of silent film, and the transforming power of celluloid. ... Young Guns is a 1988 action/western film directed by Christopher Cain and written by John Fusco. ... Dances with Wolves is a 1990 epic film which tells the story of a United States cavalry officer from the Civil War who travels into the Dakota Territory, near a Sioux tribe. ... This article is about the 1992 film. ... Tombstone is a 1993 Western movie written by Kevin Jarre and directed by George P. Cosmatos. ... Dead Man is a 1995 film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. ... For other uses, see The Quick and the Dead. ... For the record label, see Ravenous Records. ... Tears of the Black Tiger (Thai: , or Fah talai jone, literally, the heavens strike the thief) is a 2000 Thai western film written and directed by Wisit Sasanatieng. ... The Missing is a 2003 film directed by Ron Howard. ... Open Range is a 2003 movie based on the novel The Open Range Men by Lauran Paine. ... Blueberry is a French movie adaptation of the popular European comic of Jean Giraud (better known as Moebius) and Jean-Michel Charlier. ... This article is about the motion picture. ... The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada is a 2005 drama film directed by Tommy Lee Jones (debut) and written by Guillermo Arriaga. ... The Proposition is a 2005 movie directed by John Hillcoat and written by Nick Cave. ... Down in the Valley is a movie starring Edward Norton, Evan Rachel Wood, David Morse and Rory Culkin. ... Broken Trail is a 2006 revisionist Western miniseries based on a true story that originally aired on American Movie Classics as their first original movie. ... Sugar Creek is a 2007 film. ... Seraphim Falls is a 2007 film starring Pierce Brosnan, Liam Neeson and Anjelica Huston. ... The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford is a 2007 Western drama film adapted from Ron Hansens 1983 novel of the same name. ... No Country for Old Men is a 2007 film adaptation of Cormac McCarthys novel of the same name, written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. ...

Games

• GUN (2005)^{[2] [3]}

This article is about the video game. ...

References

1. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (1996-06). A gun up your ass: an interview with Jim Jarmusch. Cineaste vol. 22, no. 2.
2. ^ http://www.gamespot.com/video/929178/6130555/gun-developer-interview
3. ^ http://www.gamespot.com/video/929178/6139450/gun-video-review