anterior/ventral: Arcuate nucleus of medulla • Pyramid (Decussation) • Olivary body • Inferior olivary nucleus • Anterior median fissure • Ventral respiratory group For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ... The myelencephalon is a developmental categorization of a portion of the central nervous system. ... The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem. ... Grays Fig. ... The interior district of the medulla oblongata is named the pyramid and lies between the anterior median fissure and the antero-lateral sulcus. ... The two pyramids contain the motor fibers which pass from the brain to the medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers. ... In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. ... In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. ... The anterior median fissure (ventral or ventromedian fissure) contains a fold of pia mater, and extends along the entire length of the medulla oblongata: it ends at the lower border of the pons in a small triangular expansion, termed the foramen cecum. ... The ventral respiratory group is a group of neurons in the medulla which initiates inhalation. ...

posterior/dorsal: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract • XII, X: Dorsal • IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus • Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus/Accessory cuneate nucleus • Area postrema • Posterior median sulcus • Dorsal respiratory group The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ... The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ... The hypoglossal nucleus extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. ... The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. ... The nucleus ambiguus (literally ambiguous nucleus) is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. ... The inferior salivatory nucleus is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which stimulates secretion from the parotid gland. ... Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participates in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception. ... Cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the medulla. ... The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation (the crossing fibers of the posterior column/medial lemniscus tract). ... The Area postrema is a part of the brain. ... The posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata (or posterior median fissure) is a narrow groove; and exists only in the closed part of the medulla oblongata; it becomes gradually shallower from below upward, and finally ends about the middle of the medulla oblongata, where the central canal expands into the... The dorsal repiratory group is found in many types of fish and marine mammals. ...

raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation • Reticular formation (Gigantocellular nucleus, Parvocellular reticular nucleus, Ventral reticular nucleus, Lateral reticular nucleus, Paramedian reticular nucleus) • Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus) The decussation of the sensory fibers of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus is situated above that of the motor fibers, and is named the decussation of the lemniscus or sensory decussation. ... The reticular formation is a part of the brain which is involved in stereotypical actions, such as walking, sleeping, and lying down. ... The gigantocellular nucleus, as the name indicates, is mainly composed of the so called giant neuronal cells. ... The parvocellular reticular nucleus is located dorsolateral to the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. ... The ventral reticular nucleus is a continuation of the parvocellular nucleus in the brainstem. ... A nucleus of the medulla oblongata involved with co-ordinating baroreceptor signals to control arterial blood pressure. ... The paramedian reticular nucleus (in Terminologia Anatomica, or paramedian medullary reticular group in NeuroNames) sends its connections to the spinal cord in a mostly ipsilateral manner, although there is some decussation. ... The raphe nuclei (Latin for the bit in a fold or seam) is a moderately sized cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem, and releases serotonin to the rest of the brain. ... The nucleus raphe obscurus, despite the implications of its name, has some very specific functions and connections of afferent and efferent nature. ... The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. ... The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. ...

tracts: Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior)ʥ Inferior cerebellar peduncleʥ Olivocerebellar tractʥ Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral)ʥ Spinothalamic tractʥ PCML (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers, Medial lemniscus)ʥ Extrapyramidal (Rubrospinal tract, Vestibulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract) The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ... The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ... The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the direct pyramidal tract or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. ... Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... The olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar fibers) leaves the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raph̩, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to... The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the cerebellum. ... The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs fasciculus, Flechsigs tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. ... The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. ... The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord that transmits information about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus. ... The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting fine touch and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex. ... The posterior external arcuate fibers (dorsal external arcuate fibers) take origin in the gracile and cuneate nuclei; they pass to the inferior peduncle of the same side. ... Internal arcuate fibers are the axons of second-order neurons contained within the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the medulla oblongata. ... The medial lemniscus, also known as Reils band or Reils ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus. ... In human anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a neural network located in the brain that is part of the motor system involved in the coordination of movement. ... The rubrospinal tract is part of the indirect extra-pyramidal tract and is responsible for large muscle movement such as the arms and the legs. ... The vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial pathway. ... The tectospinal tract is part of the indirect extrapyramidal tract and is responsible for coordinating head and eye movements, It is responsible for impulses that are motor. ...

anterior/ventral: Superior olivary nucleus • Basis pontis (Pontine nuclei, Middle cerebellar peduncles) The metencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system. ... Position of the pons in the human brain The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a knob on the brain stem. ... For the cerebellar structure, see Dentate nucleus. ... The basis pontis is the anterior portion of the pons. ... The pontine nuclei are a part of the pons which store the memory of intention during motor activity. ... The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis) are composed entirely of centripetal fibers, which arise from the cells of the nuclei pontis of the opposite side and end in the cerebellar cortex; the fibers are arranged in three fasciculi, superior, inferior, and deep. ...

posterior/dorsal: Pontine tegmentum (Trapezoid body, Superior medullary velum, Locus ceruleus, MLF, Vestibulocerebellar tract, V Principal Spinal & Motor, VI, VII, VII: Superior salivary nucleus) • VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior, Medial, Inferior) The pontine tegmentum is a part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. ... The trapezoid body is part of the acoustic pathway. ... The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens) is a thin, transparent lamina of white substance, which stretches between the superior peduncle; on the dorsal surface of its lower half the folia and lingula are prolonged. ... The Locus ceruleus, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus coeruleus (Latin for the blue spot), is a nucleus in the brain stem responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. ... The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a group of axons on each side of the brainstem, that carry information about the direction that the eyes should move. ... The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex. ... The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ... The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus) receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw. ... The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ... The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ... The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. ... The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). ... The Superior salivary nucleus (or superior salivatory nucleus) of the facial nerve is a visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum. ... The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. ... The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the tuberculum acousticum) differs from the ventral portion of the CN as it not only projects to the Inferior Colliculus (IC) but also receives efferent innervation from auditory cortex, superior olivary complex and inferior colliculus. ... The anterior cochlear nucleus (or ventral, or accessory ) placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. ... The nuclei of the vestibular nerve. ... The lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters’s nucleus) is the continuation upward and lateralward of the principal nucleus, and in it terminate many of the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. ... The superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterew’s nucleus) is the dorso-lateral part of the vestibular nucleus and receives collaterals and terminals from the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. ... The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. ... The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. ...

raphe/reticular: Reticular formation (Caudal pontine reticular nucleus, Oral pontine reticular nucleus, Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, Paramedian pontine reticular formation) • Median raphe nucleus The reticular formation is a part of the brain which is involved in stereotypical actions, such as walking, sleeping, and lying down. ... The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. ... The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. ... The tegmental pontine reticular nucleus (or pontine reticular nucleus of the tegmentum) is also known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. ... The paramedian pontine reticular formation, or PPRF, is a brain region, without clearly defined borders, in the center of the pons. ... The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. ...

Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center The apneustic center of the lower pons appears to promote inspiration by stimulation of the I neurons in the medulla oblongata providing a constant stimulus. ... The pneumotaxic center of the upper pons antagonises the apneustic centre. ...