Rhoxolani were Sarmatian tribes that migrated in the 3rd and 4th century BC from the territories north of Azov Sea toward the Danube, in what is now the Baragan steppes in Romania. Their original homeland lay between the Don and Dnieper rivers. They are believed to be an off-shoot of Alans. Sarmatia Europæa separated from Sarmatia Asiatica by the Tanais (the River Don), based on Greek literary sources, in a map printed in London, ca 1770. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 4th century BC started on January 1, 400 BC and ended on December 31, 301 BC. // Overview Events Bust of Alexander the Great in the British Museum. ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river of the European Union and Europes second-longest[3] (after the Volga). ... The Baragan Plain is a plain in south-central Romania. ... The Don (Дон) is one of the major rivers of Russia. ... This article is about the river. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ...

The Greco-Roman historian Strabo (late first century BC-early first century AD) described them as "wagon-dwellers" (i.e. nomads) (Geographika, Book VII). This article or section should be merged with Hellenes Greeks in Ancient History In Latin literature, Græci (or Greeks, in English) is the name by which Hellenes are known. ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... A wagon (in British English waggon) or dray is a wheeled vehicle, ordinarily with four wheels, usually pulled by an animal, or animals, such as horses, mules or oxen and used for transport of heavy goods. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Around 100 BC they invaded the Crimea under their king Tasius in support of the Scythian warlord Palacus but were defeated in the Crimea by Diophantus, general of Mithradates VI. Palacus or Palakus was the king of Lesser Scythia who succeeded his father, Skilurus. ... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Capital Simferopol Largest cities Simferopol, Eupatoria, Kerch, Theodosia, Yalta Official language Ukrainian. ... For the mathematician, see Diophantus. ... Mithridates VI of Pontus, (132 BC- 63 BC), called Eupator Dionysius, was the king of Pontus in Asia Minor and one of Romes most formidable and successful enemies. ...

In the mid-first century AD, during the Dacian crisis, the Rhoxolani began to settle on the lower reaches of the Danube, but this was impeded by the Legio III Gallica, who attacked and destroyed a force of 9,000 Roxolanian heavy cavalry carrying baggage in 68/69. Tacitus (Hist.Bk1.79) describes the weight of the armor worn by the 'princes and most distinguished persons' made 'it difficult for such as have been overthrown by the charge of the enemy to regain their feet' The long two-handed kontos lance, the primary melee weapon of the Sarmatians, was unusable in these conditions. The Rhoxolani avenged themselves on the Romans in c.92, when they joined the Dacians in destroying the Roman Legio XXI Rapax. Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Legio III Gallica was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar around 49 BC, for his civil war against the conservative republicans led by Pompey. ... Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... Armor or armour (see spelling differences) is protective clothing intended to defend its wearer from intentional harm in combat and military engagements, typically associated with soldiers. ... The kontos was the Greek name for a type of lance used by Sarmatian cavalry. ... The term lance has become a catchall for a variety of different pole weapons based on the spear. ... A mêlée weapon is any weapon that does not involve a projectile--that is, both the user and target of the weapon are in contact with it simultaneously in normal use. ... Legio XXI Rapax, the predator, was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. ...

Trajan subdued the Rhoxolani, along with the Iazyges, during his conquest of Dacia. The Rhoxolani regained their independence upon his death. The Emperor Hadrian reinforced a series of pre-existing fortifications (and built numerous new forts) along the Danube to contain the Rhoxolani threat. Marcus Aurelius also campaigned against them along the Danubian frontier. They are known to have attacked the Roman Province of Pannonia in 260; shortly afterwards contingents of Roxolani troops enter service in the Roman military. : Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53–August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98–117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire. ... The Iazyges (Jazyges is an orthographic variant) were a nomadic tribe. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76–July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was Roman emperor from 117–138, and a member of the gens Aelia. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121[1] – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Events Valerian I captured by the Persian king Shapur I; Gallienus becomes sole Roman emperor. ...

Like other Sarmatian peoples, the Rhoxolani were conquered by the Huns in the mid fourth century and disappeared from history. Some anti-Normanist historians of Russia attempted to link their name with that of the Rus, which appeared in Eastern Europe some four centuries later. Rus’ (Русь, ) was a medieval East Slavic nation, which, according to the most popular but by no means the only theory, took its name from its ruling warrior class with Scandinavian roots. ...

Resources

• Strabo's Geographika
• Rhoxolani rulers on Bruce Gordon's Regnal Chronologies

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...