Terrace of rice paddies in Yunnan Province, southern China.

Aerial picture of paddy fields in Karnataka, India.

A paddy field in Sooranad, Kerala, India

Rice terraces in Longji, Guangxi, China.

A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice-growing countries of east and southeast Asia including Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, and the Philippines. They are also found in other rice-growing regions such as Piedmont (Italy), the Camargue (France) and the Artibonite Valley (Haiti). They can occur naturally along rivers or marshes, or can be constructed, even on hillsides, often with much labor and materials. They require large quantities of water for irrigation, which can be quite complex for a highly developed system of paddy fields. Flooding provides water essential to the growth of the crop. It also gives an environment favourable to the strain of rice being grown, and is hostile to many species of weeds. As the only draft animal species which is adapted for life in wetlands, the water buffalo is in widespread use in Asian rice paddies. There are significant adverse environmental impacts from rice paddy cultivation due to the generation of large quantities of methane gas. World methane production due to rice paddies has been estimated in the range of 50 to 100 million tonnes per annum;^[1] this level of greenhouse gas generation is a large component of the global warming threat and derives simply from an expanding human population. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (900x600, 276 KB) Summary Terrace rice field in Yunnan Province, China. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (900x600, 276 KB) Summary Terrace rice field in Yunnan Province, China. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally south of the clouds) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1180 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Paddy field User:Nvineeth Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1180 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Paddy field User:Nvineeth Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Image File history File links PaddyFieldKerala. ... Image File history File links PaddyFieldKerala. ... Sooranad is a small village located in the northern part of Kollam District in Kerala, India. ... Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯族自治區; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ« Zhuàngzú ZìzhìqÅ«) is a Zhuang autonomous region of... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Brown basmati rice Terrace of paddy fields in Yunnan Province, southern China. ... Aquatic plants — also called hydrophytic plants or hydrophytes — are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environments. ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Brown basmati rice Terrace of paddy fields in Yunnan Province, southern China. ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Korea (Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... Shoreline of the Étang de Vaccarès The Camargue is the land south of Arles, France, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the River Rhône delta at the approximate coordinates 43°32′N 4°30′E . ... Categories: Caribbean geography stubs | Departments of Haiti ... This bridge across the Danube River links Hungary with Slovakia. ... This article is about marsh, a type of wetland. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil. ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A draught animal is a (semi-)domesticated animal used for transport and haulage (the heavy labour of pulling carts, hauling timber and ploughing fields are examples). ... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ... For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... Methane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH4. ... Top: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels as measured in the atmosphere and ice cores. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1850 to 2006 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades and the projected... Map of countries by population density (See List of countries by population density. ...

The word "paddy" is derived from the Malay word padi, rice. The Malay language, also known locally as bahasa Melayu, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, and parts of the coast of Borneo. ...

Culture

Japan

A paddy field in Japan

The first rice paddies in Japan date to the Early Yayoi Period. Historically, the acidic soil common in Japan due to volcanic eruptions have made the paddy field the most productive farming method. Paddy fields are represented by the Kanji 田 (commonly read as ta) that has had a strong influence on Japanese culture. In fact, the character 田 means 'field' in Korean, but in Japan the same character is exclusively used to convey the meaning 'rice paddy field'. Many consider paddy fields as a part of the natural landscape and a classic scene of the Japanese countryside is of paddy fields tended by hard-working elderly farmers. One of the oldest sample of writing is widely credited to the Kanji 田 found on pottery at the archaeological site of Matsusaka, Mie that dates to the late 2nd century. Scarecrow Japan Paddy Field I took this photograph and contribute it to the public domain. ... Scarecrow Japan Paddy Field I took this photograph and contribute it to the public domain. ... This article is about a Japanese historical era. ... Acidity redirects here. ... suck my shlong dick cause soil is my life pedosphere is positioned at the interface of the lithosphere and biosphere with the atmosphere and hydrosphere. ... For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana Manyōgana Uses Furigana Okurigana Rōmaji   ) are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with hiragana (平仮名), katakana (片仮名), and the Arabic numerals. ... Galunggung in 1982, showing a combination of natural events. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Matsusaka (松阪市; -shi; also Matsuzaka) is a city located in Mie, Japan. ... The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...

Ta (田) is used as a part of a name in many places as well as in many family names. Most of these places are somehow related to the paddy field and in many cases, are based on the history of a particular location. For example, where a river runs through a village, the place east of river may be called Higashida (東田), lit. east paddy field and the opposite side Nishida (西田), lit. west paddy field. A place with a newly irrigated paddy field, especially those during or later than Edo period, may be called Nitta or Shinden (both 新田), lit. new paddy field. In some places, lakes and marshes were likened to a paddy field and were named with ta, like Hakkōda (八甲田). A name is a label for a human, thing, place, product (as in a brand name) and even an idea or concept, normally used to distinguish one from another. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Edo Period. ...

Paddy field prior to planting, in Taiwan

Today, many family names have ta as a component, a practice which can be largely attributed to a Government edict in the early Meiji Period requiring all Japanese people to have a family name. Many chose a name based on or near the place they lived or the job they had, and with nearly three fourths of population being farmers, many made family names using ta. Some common examples are Tanaka (田中) and Nakata (中田), lit. middle of paddy field, Kawata (川田), lit. paddy field by a river, and Furuta (古田), lit. old paddy field. Download high resolution version (1024x768, 301 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 301 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Meiji period ) denotes the 45-year reign of Emperor Meiji, running from 8 September 1868 (in the Gregorian calendar, 23 October 1868) to 30 July 1912. ... Tanaka (田中 in the ricefield) is the 4th most common Japanese surname. ... Nakata (中田) is a Japanese surname. ...

Korea

Rice-farming and the use of paddies in Korea is ancient. Korean paddy-farming can provide cultural background on the use of paddies in Northeast Asia. A pit-house at the Daecheon-ni site yielded carbonized rice grains and radiocarbon dates indicating that rice cultivation may have begun as early as the Middle Jeulmun Pottery Period (c. 3500-2000 B.C.) in the Korean Peninsula (Crawford and Lee 2003). The earliest rice cultivation in the Korean Peninsula may have used dry-fields instead of paddies. East Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The Jeulmun pottery period is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 8000-1500 B.C. (Bale 2001; Choe and Bale 2002; Crawford and Lee 2003; Lee 2001, 2006). ... The Korean Peninsula a. ...

The excavation of prehistoric rice paddies is rare, but many ancient paddies have been carefully unearthed in Korea. Kyungnam University Museum (KUM) of Masan does paddy-field archaeology in Korea. They excavated paddy features at the Geumcheon-ni Site near modern-day Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province. The paddy feature was found next to a pit-house that is dated to the latter part of the Early Mumun Pottery Period (c. 1100-850 B.C.). KUM has conducted excavations that have revealed similarly dated paddy features at Yaeum-dong and Okhyeon in modern-day Greater Ulsan (Bale 2001). 경남대학교 - Kyungnam University History Founded in 1946 as Kookmin College in Seoul, the tumultuous Korean War years created a situation in which it was more advantageous to move south than to stay in the Seoul area. ... Masan is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... Miryang is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. ... A dugout or dug-out is a shelter dug out of the ground. ... The Mumun Pottery Period (Hanja: 無文土器時代, Hangeul: 무문토기시대 Mumun togi sidae) is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 B.C. (Ahn 2000; Bale 2001; Crawford and Lee 2003). ... Ulsan, a metropolitan city in the south-east of South Korea, facing the Sea of Japan (East Sea). ...

The earliest Mumun features were usually located in low-lying narrow gulleys that were naturally swampy and fed by the local stream system. Some Mumun paddies in flat areas were made of a series of squares and rectangles separated by bunds approximately 10 cm in height, while terraced paddies consisted of long irregularly shapes that followed natural contours of the land at various levels (Bale 2001; Kwak 2001).

Mumun Period rice farmers used all of the elements that are present in today's paddies such terracing, bunds, canals, and small reservoirs. We can grasp some paddy-farming techniques of the Middle Mumun (c. 850-550 B.C.) from the well-preserved wooden tools excavated from archaeological rice paddies at the Majeon-ni Site. However, iron tools for paddy-farming were not introduced until sometime after 200 B.C. The spatial scale of individual paddies, and thus entire paddy-fields, increased with the regular use of iron tools in the Three Kingdoms of Korea Period (c. A.D. 300/400-668). General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... The Three Kingdoms of Korea were Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE. The Three Kingdoms period in Korea is usually considered to run from the 1st century BCE (specifically 57 BC) until Sillas triumph over...

Today, arable land in small alluvial flats of most rural river valleys in South Korea are dedicated to rice paddy-farming. A year in the life of a Korean rice farmer in Gyeongsangdo Province begins as early as mid-February, when s/he assesses the rice paddies for any necessary repairs. Old fields may be rebuilt, and bund breaches are repaired. This work is carried out until mid-March, when warmer spring weather allows the farmer to buy or grow rice seedlings. The seedlings are keep indoors at first, but are then transplanted (usually by hand) into freshly flooded paddies in the month of April. Farmers patiently tend and weed their paddies through the summer until around the time of Chuseok, a traditional holiday held on August 15th of the Lunar Calendar (circa mid-September by Solar Calendar). The harvest begins comparatively early in mild South Gyeongsang Province and can last until late October. Coordinating the harvest can be challenging because many Korean farmers have small paddies in a number of locations around their villages, and modern harvesting machines are sometimes shared between extended family members. Farmers usually dry the harvested grains in the sun before bringing them to market. Many Korean farmers work at jobs in the cities and towns during the winter, or are occupied by planning for the spring planting. Chuseok, also sometimes spelt Chusok, is a major traditional holiday in Korea, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month of the year. ... It has been suggested that lunar year be merged into this article or section. ... Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. ...

The Chinese (or Sino-Korean) character for 'field', jeon (Hangeul: 전; Hanja: 田), is found in some place names, especially small farming townships and villages. However, the specific Korean term for 'paddy' is derived from Sino-Korean and is literally 'water-field' or sujeon (Hangeul: 수전; Hanja: 水田). Sino-Korean describes those elements of the Korean language that come directly or indirectly from Chinese — namely, Hanja and the words formed from them. ... Hangul is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language (as opposed to the Hanja system borrowed from China). ... Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. ... Hangul is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language (as opposed to the Hanja system borrowed from China). ... Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. ...

Hay stacks on stilts in paddy field Karnataka

Image File history File linksMetadata UKanaraHaystack. ... Image File history File linksMetadata UKanaraHaystack. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ...

Line notes

References

• Bale, Martin T. Archaeology of Early Agriculture in Korea: An Update on Recent Developments. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 21(5):77-84, 2001.

• Barnes, Gina L. Paddy Soils Now and Then. World Archaeology 22(1):1-17, 1990.

• Crawford, Gary W. and Gyoung-Ah Lee. Agricultural Origins in the Korean Peninsula. Antiquity 77(295):87-95, 2003.

• Kwak, Jong-chul. Urinara-eui Seonsa – Godae Non Bat Yugu [Dry- and Wet-field Agricultural Features of the Korean Prehistoric].In Hanguk Nonggyeong Munhwa-eui Hyeongseong [The Formation of Agrarian Societies in Korea]: 21-73. Papers of the 25th National Meetings of the Korean Archaeological Society, Busan, 2001.

The Korean Archaeological Society is the most important professional and scholarly association of archaeologists in the Republic of Korea. ...

See also

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Paddy field

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