Henry II Children    William, Count of Poitiers    Henry the Young King    Richard I    Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany    John    Matilda of England    Leonora of England    Joan of England Richard I John Children    Henry III    Richard, Earl of Cornwall    Joan of England    Isabella of England    Eleanor of England Henry III Children    Edward I    Margaret of England    Beatrice of England    Edmund, Earl of Lancaster Edward I Children    Joan of Acre    Alphonso, Earl of Chester    Edward II    Thomas, Earl of Norfolk    Edmund, Earl of Kent Edward II Children    Edward III    John, Earl of Cornwall    Eleanor of Woodstock    Jeanne of the Tower Edward III Children    Edward, Prince of Wales    Lionel, Duke of Clarence    John ,Duke of Lancaster    Edmund ,Duke of York    Thomas, Duke of Gloucester Grandchildren     Richard II     Philippa Plantagenet     Philippa of Lancaster     Elizabeth of Lancaster     Henry IV     Katherine of Lancaster     Edward, Duke of York     Richard, Earl of Cambridge     Constance of York     Anne of Gloucester Richard II

Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was Count of Poitou (bef. 1225), Earl of Cornwall (7th creation) (from 1227) and King of the (German) Holy Roman Empire (formally "King of the Romans") (from 1257). Angevin is the name applied to three distinct medieval dynasties which originated as counts (from 1360, dukes) of the western French province of Anjou (of which angevin is the adjectival form), but later came to rule far greater areas including England, Hungary and Poland (see Angevin Empire). ... Image File history File links This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, and as King of England (1154–1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. ... William (August 17, 1153-1156) was the first child of Henry Plantagenet (later Henry II of England) and Eleanor of Aquitaine, strangely born on the same day that his fathers rival Eustace IV of Boulogne died. ... Henry, the Young King Henry the Young King (February 28, 1155–June 11, 1183) was the second of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. ... Richard I (September 8, 1157 – April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ... Geoffrey Plantagenet (September 23, 1158 – August 19, 1186) was Duke of Brittany between 1181 and 1186, through his marriage with the heiress Constance. ... John (French: Jean) (December 24, c. ... Matilda of England (1156 - July 13, 1189), also known as Maud, was the eldest daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. ... Queen Leonora (October 13, 1162 – October 31, 1214), was born as Princess Eleanor of England (and Aquitaine) and became Leonora, Queen of Castile as wife of Alfonso VIII. She was born in Domfront Castle, Normandy. ... Joan of England was the name of four female members of the medieval English royal family (later, retroactively, known as the Plantagenet dynasty). ... Richard I (September 8, 1157 – April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ... John (French: Jean) (December 24, c. ... Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... Joan of England was the name of four female members of the medieval English royal family (later, retroactively, known as the Plantagenet dynasty). ... The wedding of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella. ... Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet1 and Eleanor of Leicester) was born in the year 1215, in Gloucester. ... Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame... Edmund Crouchback and St. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame... Joan of Acre (May 1271 - April 7, 1307) was a daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile (1241-1290). ... Alphonso, Earl of Chester (24 November 1273 – 19 August 1284) was the ninth child of Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (June 1, 1300-(August 4, 1338) was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite of France. ... Edmund Plantagenet, or Edmund of Woodstock (August 5, 1301 – March 19, 1330) was Earl of Kent from July 28, 1321 (1st creation). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times. ... John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (August 15, 1316–September 13, 1336) was the son of Edward II of England and Isabella of France. ... Joan of England was the name of four female members of the medieval English royal family (later, retroactively, known as the Plantagenet dynasty). ... Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times. ... Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG, known as the Black Prince (June 15, 1330 – June 8, 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. ... Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, (November 29, 1338 – October 7, 1368) was the second son of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. ... John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (June 24, 1340 – February 3, 1399), the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, gained his name, John of Gaunt, because he was born at Ghent in 1340. ... Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, (June 5, 1341 - August 1, 1402) was a younger son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, the fourth of the five sons of the Royal couple who lived to adulthood. ... Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (January 7, 1355 – September 8 (or 9), 1397) was the thirteenth and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Queen Philippa. ... Richard II (January 6, 1367 – February 14, 1400) was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan The Fair Maid of Kent. He was born at Bordeaux and became his fathers heir when his elder brother died in infancy. ... Philippa Plantagenet, (16 August 1355 - 5 January 1380/1381), Countess of Ulster suo juris, was the daughter and only child of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. ... Philippa of Lancaster (1359 - July 19, 1415) was an English princess, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by his wife and cousin Blanche of Lancaster. ... Henry IV (April 3, 1367 – March 20, 1413) was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry of Bolingbroke. His father, John of Gaunt was the third and oldest surviving son of King Edward III of England, and enjoyed a position of... Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Catherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372/1373-2 June 1418) was the daughter of John of Gaunt and his second wife, Constance of Castile. ... Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York and 1st Duke of Aumale (1373 - 25 October 1415) died by drowning in mud at the Battle of Agincourt, the major English casualty in that battle. ... Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c. ... Constance of York (c. ... Anne of Gloucester (1383-October 16, 1438) was the eldest daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun. ... Richard II (January 6, 1367 – February 14, 1400) was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan The Fair Maid of Kent. He was born at Bordeaux and became his fathers heir when his elder brother died in infancy. ... January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ... 2 April is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became part of the Aquitaine) are: Guerin (or Warin[us]) (638-677) Renaud (795-843) Bernard I (815-844) Ranulph I (835-875) Ranulph II (855... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... The title of Earl of Cornwall was created several times in the Peerage of England before 1337, when it was superseded by the title Duke of Cornwall, which became attached to heirs-apparent to the throne. ... Events Henry III of England declares himself of age and assumes power Births September 30 - Pope Nicholas IV Deaths March 18 - Pope Honorius III (b. ... The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation â–¶(?), Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium Nationis Germanicae, see names and designations of the empire) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... The title King of the Romans (Latin: Rex Romanorum) — not to be confused with the early, partially mythical Kings of Rome — was carried by Holy Roman Emperors after they had been confirmed as Emperor, but before they had undergone the ceremony of coronation by the Pope. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ...

He was the second son of King John of England and Isabella of Angouleme, and thus, the younger brother of King Henry III. Richard's revenues from Cornwall provided him with great wealth, and he became one of the wealthiest men in Europe. Though he campaigned on King Henry's behalf in Poitou and Brittany, and served as regent three times, relations were often strained between the brothers in the early years of Henry's reign. Richard rebelled against him three times, and had to be bought off with lavish gifts. John (French: Jean) (December 24, c. ... Isabella of Angouleme (c. ... Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... Poitou was a province of France whose capital city was Poitiers. ... Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical duchy and French province, as well as the cultural area of Brittany. ...

In 1231 he married Isabel Marshal, the widow of the Earl of Gloucester, much to the displeasure of his brother King Henry, who had been arranging a more advantageous match for Richard. Isabel and Richard had four children, of whom only their son, Henry of Almain, survived to adulthood. When Isabel was on her deathbed in 1240, she asked to be buried next to her first husband at Tewkesbury, but Richard had her interred at Beaulieu Abbey instead. As a pious gesture, however, he sent her heart to Tewkesbury. Later that year Richard joined the Sixth Crusade and departed for the Holy Land. He fought in no battles but managed to negotiate for the release of prisoners and the burials of Crusaders killed at a battle in Gaza in 1239. He also refortified Ascalon, which had been demolished by Saladin. On his return from the Holy Land, Richard visited his sister Isabella, the empress of Frederick II. // Events Ardengus becomes bishop of Florence. ... He was the son of Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, from whom he inherited the Clare estates, from his mother, Amice Fitz Robert, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. ... Henry of Almain (1235 – March 13, 1271), so called from his fathers German connections, was the son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall and king of the Romans. ... Location within the British Isles Tewkesbury War Memorial Tewkesbury is a historic town in Gloucestershire, England. ... Early History Beaulieu Abbey was a Cistercian house in Hampshire, one of the three monasteries founded by King John (c. ... The Sixth Crusade began in 1228 as an attempt to reconquer Jerusalem. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... The city of Gaza is the principal city in the Gaza Strip. ... // Events Births June 17 - King Edward I of England (died 1307) December 17 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (died 1256) Peter III of Aragon (died 1285) John II, Duke of Brittany (died 1305) Ippen, Japanese monk (died 1289) Deaths March 3 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (born 1187) March... Ashkelon or Ashqelon (Hebrew אשקלון; Arabic عسقلان ʿAsqalān; Latin Ascalon) was an ancient Philistine seaport on the east coast of the Mediterranian sea just north of Gaza. ... Saladin, from a 12th-century Arab codex. ... The wedding of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella. ... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right). ...

Richard opposed Simon de Montfort, and rose in rebellion in 1238 to protest against the marriage of his sister, Eleanor, to Simon. Once again he was placated with rich gifts, but in 1240 when he and Montfort joined the Crusade at the same time, they made a point of not traveling together. On his return, Richard married Sanchia of Provence, the sister of his brother Henry's queen, Eleanor. This marriage tied him even more closely to the royal party. Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to king Henry III of England. ... Events In the Iberian peninsula, James I of Aragon captures the city of Valencia September 28 from the Moors; the Moors retreat to Granada. ... Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet1 and Eleanor of Leicester) was born in the year 1215, in Gloucester. ... Eleanor of Provence (c 1223 – 26 June 1291) was Queen Consort of King Henry III of England. ...

Richard's claims to Gascony and Poitou were never more than nominal, and in 1241 King Louis IX of France invested his own brother Alphonse with Poitou. Moreover, Richard and Henry's mother, Isabella of Angouleme, claimed to have been insulted by the French king. They were encouraged to recover Poitou by their stepfather, Hugh X of Lusignan, but the expedition turned into a military fiasco after Lusignan betrayed them. The pope offered Richard the crown of Sicily, but according to Matthew Paris he responded to the extortionate price by saying, "You might as well say, 'I will sell or give you the moon; go up and take it'." Instead, his brother King Henry purchased the kingdom for his own son Edmund. Gascony (French: Gascogne, pronounced  ; Gascon: Gasconha, pronounced ) is an area of southwest France that constituted a royal province prior to the French Revolution. ... Poitou was a province of France whose capital city was Poitiers. ... Events April 5 - Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal Polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz April 27 - Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo. ... Only representation of Saint Louis known to be true to life - Early 14th century statue from the church of Mainneville, Eure, France King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215–August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. ... Alphonse, Count of Toulouse and of Poitiers (November 11, 1220 – August 21, 1271). ... Hugh X of Lusignan (c. ... Sicilian disambiguates here; see also Sicilian language or Sicilian Defence. ... Self portrait of Matthew Paris from a manuscript of his chronicle (London, British Library, MS Royal 14. ... Edmund Crouchback and St. ...

In 1257, Richard was elected by three German Electoral Princes known as the "English party" (Cologne, Mainz and Palatinate) as King of Germany. He had bought the elector's votes for the vast sum of 28,000 marks. He spent the next few years attempting to persuade the pope to crown him; at last, in May 1257, Pope Alexander IV crowned Richard "King of the Romans" at Aachen. However, like his lordships in Gascony and Poitou, his title never held more than honorary significance, and he made only four brief visits to Germany between 1257 and 1269. For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... Cologne (German: â–¶ (help· info) [kÅ“ln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is with its one million residents Germanys fourth largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. ... Mainz (French: Mayence) is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... A palatinate is an area administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. ... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Alexander IV, né Rinaldo Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Aachen Cathedral Printen Figurine at Aachen Cathedral Top Floor of Aachen Cathedral Tree-lined boulevard in Aachen Typical Aachen street with early 20th century Gründerzeit houses Aachen (French Aix-la-Chapelle, Dutch Aken, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border... Events Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Categories: 1269 ...

He joined King Henry in fighting against Simon de Montfort's rebels in the Second Barons' War (1264-1267). After the shattering royalist defeat at the Battle of Lewes, Richard took refuge in a windmill, was discovered, and imprisoned until September 1265. The Second Barons War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons lead by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England). ... Events May 12 - The Battle of Lewes begins (ends May 14). ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... The Battle of Lewes was a battle fought at Lewes in Sussex, from May 12 to May 14, 1264. ... Pitstone Windmill, believed to be the oldest windmill in the British Isles A modern day windmill as seen on the Rotar farm in California. ... Events January 20 - In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting. ...

On April 2, 1272, Richard died at Berkhamstead Castle in Hertfordshire. He was buried at Hayles Abbey, which he had founded. 2 April is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Ruinous flint walls, keepers house, castle mound in background Berkhamstead (or Berkhamsted) Castle in Hertfordshire had a leading role in English medieval history, but very little is now to be seen, the ruins having passed into the care of English Heritage. ... Hertfordshire (pronounced Hartfordshire and abbreviated as Herts) is an inland county in the United Kingdom, officially part of the East of England Government region. ...

Marriages

He married three times:

• On 30 March 1231 to Isabel Marshal, widow of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, and daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. She died in childbed 17 January 1240.

• On 23 November 1243 to Sanchia of Provence, daughter of Raymond Berenger IV, count of Provence. She died 9 November 1261.

• On 16 June 1269 to Beatrice of Falkenburg, daughter of Dietrich I, Count of Falconburg. There were no children. She was aged about sixteen to Richard's sixty, and was said to be one of the most beautiful women of her time. Beatrice died October 17, 1277 and was buried at Friars Minor in Oxford.

March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in Leap years). ... // Events Ardengus becomes bishop of Florence. ... Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford and 1st Earl of Gloucester) (1180 - October 25, 1230) was an English nobleman of the Norman period. ... The title of Earl of Gloucester was created several times in the Peerage of England. ... William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146–1219) was an English aristocrat and statesman. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kyiv Births Pope Benedict XI Deaths April 11 - Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn The Great Prince of Gwynedd Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... // Events Innocent IV was elected pope. ... Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (or Raymond) (1195 - 19 August 1245), Count of Provence and Forcalquier, was the son of Alfonso I, Count of Provence and Gersenda II of Sabran. ... The now-extinct title of Count of Provence belonged to local families of Frankish origin, to the House of Barcelona, to the House of Anjou and to a cadet branch of the House of Valois. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... Events Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Categories: 1269 ... October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris by bishop Etienne Tempier Burmas Pagan empire begins to disintegrate after being defeated by Kublai Khan at Ngasaungsyan, near the Chinese border. ...

Issue

Isabel bore him four children, all of whom died in the cradle, except Henry of Almain (1235-1271), Richard's heir apparent. Henry was the victim of the famous murder at Viterbo, when he was cut down while praying in a church by his cousins, Simon the younger de Montfort and Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola. Richard's successor was his son by Sanchia, Edmund, Earl of Cornwall (1249-1300) but he too died childless. Henry of Almain (1235 – March 13, 1271), so called from his fathers German connections, was the son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall and king of the Romans. ... Viterbo is an ancient town and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of Viterbo province. ... Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244–c. ...

Richard had the reputation of being a womanizer, and indeed his only descendants are found among his illegitimate children. His mistress, Joan de Valletort, was certainly the mother of two of his children. Their daughter Joan de Cornwall married Richard Champernowne, and their son Richard de Cornwall died at the Battle of Berwick in 1297. An illegitimate son, Philip de Cornwall, was a cleric in 1248. Another illegitimate son, Walter de Cornwall, was granted lands by his half-brother Edmund, and died in 1313. Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Events Louis IX of France departs on the Seventh Crusade for Egypt Kingdom of Castile captures city of Seville from Muslims Cologne cathedral: old cathedral burns down April 30; foundation stone to current cathedral laid August 15 Births Deaths January 4 - King Sancho II of Portugal, in exile in Toledo... Events Siege of Rostock ends Births June 16 - Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (died 1375) August 1 - Emperor Kogon of Japan (died 1364) August 13 - Aradia de Toscano, female messianic figure in Italian witchcraft Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian law professor (died 1357) Deaths August 24 - Henry VII, Emperor of the Holy...

Media

Richard and his first wife, Isabel Marshall, appear as characters in Virginia Henley's historical novels, The Marriage Prize and The Dragon and the Jewel.

Sources

• Denholm-Young, Noel. Richard of Cornwall, 1947
• Tyerman, Christopher. England and the Crusades, 1095-1588, 19
• Lewis, Frank. Beatrice of Falkenburg, the Third Wife of Richard of Cornwall, 1937