 Richard A. Clarke (born 1951) provided national security advice to four U.S. presidents: Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, consulting on issues of intelligence and terrorism, from 1973 to 2003. Clarke's specialties are computer security, counterterrorism and homeland security. He was the counter-terrorism adviser on the U.S. National Security Council when the September 11, 2001 attacks occurred. Photo cropped from public domain, U.S. federal govt luncheon photo at http://www. ...
1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...
Ronald Wilson Reagan, Hon GCB, (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ...
Order: 41st President Vice President: Dan Quayle Term of office: January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 Preceded by: Ronald Reagan Succeeded by: Bill Clinton Date of birth: June 12, 1924 Place of birth: Milton, Massachusetts First Lady: Barbara Pierce Bush Political party: Republican George Herbert Walker Bush, KBE (born June...
William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American businessman and politician, was elected in 2000 as the 43rd President of the United States of America, re-elected in 2004, and is currently serving his second term in that office. ...
Terrorism refers to a strategy of using violence, or threat of violence, to generate fear, cause disruption, and ultimately, to bring about compliance with specific political, religious, ideological, or personal demands[1]. The targets of terrorist attacks typically are not the individuals who are killed, injured, or taken hostage, but...
1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Computer security is a field of computer science concerned with the control of risks related to computer use. ...
Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ...
Homeland security refers to domestic governmental actions designed to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from acts of terrorism, and also respond to natural disasters. ...
The National Security Council (NSC) of the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. ...
The explosion resulting from the crashing of United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower. ...
He resigned in January of 2003 to work on his book, Against All Enemies, which came out in early 2004. He testified before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States on March 24, 2004. Cover of Against All Enemies Against All Enemies: Inside Americas War on Terror is a 2004 book by Richard A. Clarke, criticizing past and present presidential administrations for the way they handled the war on terror. ...
The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks including preparedness for and the immediate response...
March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Life Richard Clarke was born in 1951, the son of a Boston factory worker. He studied at the Boston Latin School and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1972. In 1973, he began work in the Federal Government as an employee in the Department of Defense. 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...
Boston is a town and small port c. ...
Motto Sumus Primi Founded April 23, 1635 Head Master Ms. ...
The University of Pennsylvania (Penn is the moniker used by the university itself [2]) is a private, nonsectarian research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ...
1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...
The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ...
Starting in 1985, Clarke served in the Reagan Administration as Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence. During the presidential administration of George H.W. Bush, he coordinated diplomatic efforts to support the 1990-1991 Gulf War and the subsequent security arrangements. He also advised Madeleine Albright during the Rwanda crisis. His positions inside the government have included: This article is about the year. ...
Ronald Wilson Reagan, Hon GCB, (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ...
Order: 41st President Vice President: Dan Quayle Term of office: January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 Preceded by: Ronald Reagan Succeeded by: Bill Clinton Date of birth: June 12, 1924 Place of birth: Milton, Massachusetts First Lady: Barbara Pierce Bush Political party: Republican George Herbert Walker Bush, KBE (born June...
Combatants U.S.-led coalition Iraq Commanders George H. W. Bush Norman Schwarzkopf Colin Powell Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Hussein Kamel Strength 660,000 545,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 - 100,000 dead, 100,000 - 300,000 wounded The 1991 Gulf War (also called...
Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) served as the 64th United States Secretary of State. ...
- United States National Security Council, 1992-2003
- Special Advisor 2001-2003
- National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism, 1998-2000
- Chair of the Counter-terrorism Security Group, 1992-2003
- United States Department of State 1985-1992
- Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs, 1989-1992
- Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence, 1985-1988
Since leaving government, Clarke has been an on-air consultant for ABC News and Chairman of Good Harbor Consulting, LLC. The National Security Council (NSC) of the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. ...
The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ...
This article is about the American news organization. ...
Clarke and his communications with the Bush administration regarding bin Laden and associated terrorist plots targeting the United States were mentioned frequently in National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice's public interview by the 9/11 investigatory commission on April 8, 2004. Of particular significance was a memo from January 25, 2001 that Clarke had authored and sent to Rice. [1] The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor, serves as the chief advisor to the President of the United States on national security issues. ...
Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is the 66th and current United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush. ...
April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Along with making an urgent request for a meeting of the National Security Council's Principals Committee to discuss the growing al-Qaeda threat in the greater Middle East, the memo also suggests strategies for combating al-Qaeda that might be adopted by the new Bush Administration.
According to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Clarke gave the final okay for the members of the bin Laden family living in the U.S. to fly to Saudi Arabia on Sept. 14, 2001. Clarke had initially claimed under oath someone in the Bush Administration had asked for the flight and he consulted with the FBI [2]; later he claimed that he alone authorized the flight. He told reporters “I take responsibility for it. I don’t think it was a mistake, and I’d do it again.” [3] The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks including preparedness for and the immediate response...
Office building of the bin Laden family. ...
After Clarke appeared before the 911 Commission, his detractors attacked his credibility, suggesting that he was too partisan a figure and charging that he exaggerated perceived failures in the Bush Administration' counter terrorism policies while exculpating the former Clinton administration from its perceived shortcomings.[4] According to Knight-Ridder, the White House tried to discredit Clarke in a move described as "shooting the messenger."[5] New York Times columnist Paul Krugman was more blunt, calling the attacks on Clarke "a campaign of character assassination."[6] The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks. ...
The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...
Paul Krugman Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an economist who has written several books and since 2000 has written a twice-weekly op-ed column for The New York Times. ...
Clarke has also exchanged criticism with Michael Scheuer, former chief of the bin Laden Unit at the Counterterrorist Center at the CIA. When asked to respond to Clarke's claim that Scheuer was "a hothead, a middle manager who really didn't go to any of the cabinet meetings," Scheuer returned the criticism as follows: "I certainly agree with the fact that I didn't go to the cabinet meetings. But I'm certainly also aware that I'm much better informed than Mr. Clarke ever was about the nature of the intelligence that was available against Osama bin Laden and which was consistently denigrated by himself and Mr. Tenet."[7] Matthew Continetti writes: "Scheuer believes that Clarke’s risk aversion and politicking negatively impacted the hunt for Bin Laden prior to September 11, 2001. Scheuer stated that his unit, codename 'Alec,' had provided information that could have led to the capture and or killing of Osama bin Laden on ten different occasions, only to have his recommendations for action turned down by senior intelligence officials, including Clarke."[8] Despite this heated exchange, Scheuer agrees with Clarke's main thesis that the invasion of Iraq was a fatal diversion from the war against al Qaeda. Michael Scheuer is a 22-year CIA veteran. ...
The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...
At a security conference in 2002, after citing statistics that indicate that less than 0.0025 percent of corporate revenue on average is spent on information-technology security, Clarke was famously heard to say, "If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, then you will be hacked. What's more, you deserve to be hacked".
Book: Against All Enemies Main article: Against All Enemies Cover of Against All Enemies Against All Enemies: Inside Americas War on Terror is a 2004 book by Richard A. Clarke, criticizing past and present presidential administrations for the way they handled the war on terror. ...
In March 2004, Clarke's published, Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror--What Really Happened (ISBN 0743260244). The book was critical of past and present presidential administrations for the way they handled the war on terror both before and after September 11, but focused much of its criticism on Bush for failing to take sufficient action to protect the country in the elevated-threat period before the September 11, 2001 attacks and for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which Clarke feels greatly hampered the war on terror, and was a distraction from the real terrorists. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The war on terrorism or war on terror (abbreviated in U.S. policy circles as GWOT for Global War on Terror) is an effort by the governments of the United States and its principal allies to destroy groups deemed to be terrorist (primarily radical Islamist organizations such as al-Qaeda...
The explosion resulting from the crashing of United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower. ...
Combatants Coalition Forces: United States United Kingdom Australia Poland Spain Japan Iraq Commanders Tommy Franks Saddam Hussein Strength 263,000 375,000 The 2003 invasion of Iraq, termed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the US administration, began on March 20. ...
Many of the events described in the book were also described by Clarke in his almost 20 hours of testimony under oath before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also known as the 9-11 Commission), a portion in its public hearings. The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks including preparedness for and the immediate response...
Clarke's testimony and tenor were vigorously attacked by conservatives and the Bush Administration. Some families of the victims of September 11 attacks were very supportive of him, while others felt he was self-aggrandizing and that his criticisms were misplaced. Some 36 family members critical of Clarke signed a letter written by Jim Boyle that stated, "few of the voices of September 11th have been critical of President Bush's campaign advertisements that, in a respectful way, recall the incredible challenges we all faced. These few voices do not speak for us."
Clarke has been criticized by conservatives for suggesting the possibility of a link between Saddam Hussein and Al-Qaeda and after investigation concluding that no link had been established. Regarding Saddam's offer of safehaven in Iraq, Clarke wrote in a January 1999 memo to Sandy Berger that he was concerned that “old wily Usama will likely boogie to Baghdad.” (p. 134)[9] Clarke also made statements that year to the press linking Saddam and al-Qaeda and an alleged joint chemical weapons development effort at the Al Shifa pharmaceutical plant in Sudan.[10] This article is 100 KB or more in size. ...
The Al-Shifa (Health) pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum, Sudan was constructed between 1992 and 1996 with components imported from the United States, Sweden, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, India, and Thailand. ...
Since 1999, however, the United States government has admitted that its evidence regarding Al Shifa is inconclusive, and Clarke has changed his view about an Iraq-Al Qaeda link. In Against All Enemies he writes that "[i]t is certainly possible that Iraqi agents dangled the possibility of asylum in Iraq before bin Laden at some point when everyone knew that the U.S. was pressuring the Taliban to arrest him. If that dangle happened, bin Laden's accepting asylum clearly did not," (p. 270). In an interview on March 21, 2004, Clarke made the statement: "There's absolutely no evidence that Iraq was supporting al Qaeda, ever." This change in point of view has brought Clarke criticism from Christopher Hitchens [11] and the Weekly Standard's Stephen F. Hayes.[12] Clarke makes clear in his book that he came to his more recent conclusion as a result of several investigations, prompted by the Bush Administration, specifically into the possibility of an Iraqi connection to September 11th.
Critics say errors can be found in Clarke's book Against All Enemies. Most notably, they point to a passage on page 237 in which Clarke describes a September 4, 2001 meeting of national security principals in which he states Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, "who looked distracted throughout the session, took the (Deputy Defense Secretary Paul) Wolfowitz line that there were other terrorists concerns, like Iraq." Rumsfeld has publicly stated he was not at the September 4, 2001 meeting, and Defense Department officials have confirmed he was not in attendance.[13] The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the United States Department of Defense, concerned with the armed services and The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ...
Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is currently serving as the 21st United States Secretary of Defense, since January 20, 2001, under President George W. Bush. ...
The United States Deputy Secretary of Defense is the second-highest ranking official in the United States Department of Defense. ...
The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated as DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ...
Additional works - In 2004, Richard Clarke published the edited collection, "Defeating The Jihadists: A Blueprint For Action", a book showing a more effective counterterrorism policy for America. (ISBN 0870784919)
- In 2005, Richard Clarke published his first novel, "The Scorpion's Gate". (ISBN 0399152946)
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