Richard Neville, jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick and suo jure 6th Earl of Salisbury (22 November 1428 – April 14, 1471), is known as "Warwick the Kingmaker". Jure uxoris, Latin: By right of his wife. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of Latin phrases (P–Z). ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ...

Warwick was the richest man in England outside of the Royal Family. He was a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses during which he helped depose the Lancastrian King Henry VI in favour of the Yorkist King Edward IV. This earned him his nickname of "the Kingmaker" but he later fell out with Edward and restored Henry VI to the throne. During this period Warwick was considered the real ruler of England. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony Close relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom are known by the appellation The Royal Family. ... Lancaster York For other uses see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation) The Wars of the Roses (1455 - 1485) was a series of civil wars fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ... The House of Lancaster is a dynasty of English kings. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ... The House of York was a dynasty of English kings. ... Edward IV (April 28, 1442 – April 9, 1483) was King of England from March 4, 1461 to April 9, 1483, with a break of a few months in the period 1470–1471. ...

His last surviving heir is Peter Perry of South Newington, Oxfordshire.

Early life

Said to have been born in Bisham, Berkshire, Warwick was the eldest son of the 5th Countess of Salisbury and the jure uxoris 5th Earl of Salisbury. His younger brother was the 1st Marquess of Montagu, who had briefly been Earl of Northumberland. Bisham is a village and civil parish in the Windsor and Maidenhead district of Berkshire, England. ... Berks redirects here. ... Alice Montagu was born in 1407, the daughter and only legitimate child, of Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury and Eleanor Holland, who was the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent. ... Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1400 – December 31, 1460) was a Yorkist leader during the early parts of the Wars of the Roses. ... John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (~1431 - April 14, 1471) was a Yorkist leader in the Wars of the Roses, best-known for eliminating Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV of England. ... The title of Earl of Northumberland was created several times in the Peerages of England and Great Britain. ...

Warwick married Lady Anne de Beauchamp, the sister of Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, 14th Earl of Warwick. When the Duke died, his earldom was inherited by his infant daughter Anne de Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick. Lady Warwick died at age five, and Neville inherited the earldom through his wife, the late Countess' aunt. Thus, he controlled two great earldoms, with estates throughout the English Midlands and the Welsh Marches. Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (1426 - 1492) was the daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and his second wife Isabel le Despenser. ... Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (March 21, 1424/5 - June 11, 1445) was an English nobleman. ... Anne Beauchamp (1426 - 1492) was the daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and the mother of a queen of England. ... In general, the midlands of a territory are its central regions. ... In European history, marches are border regions between centres of power. ...

As the nephew by marriage of Richard, Duke of York, Warwick was a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. He used his influence and popularity to help York to gain a more influential role under Henry VI, although he stopped short of supporting York when the latter claimed the throne in 1460. When his father was killed at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460, Warwick became the largest and most influential landowner in England, after which his military support was instrumental in putting Edward IV of England on the throne. The two had a very close relationship during the early years of Edward's reign, when Warwick put down Lancastrian rebellions in the northern counties of England. This article is about Richard, Duke of York, father of King Edward IV. For the article about Edward IVs son who was imprisoned in the Tower of London see: Richard, Duke of York (Prince in the Tower). ... Lancaster York For other uses see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation) The Wars of the Roses (1455 - 1485) was a series of civil wars fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... The Battle of Wakefield took place at Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, on December 30, 1460, and was one of the major actions of the Wars of the Roses. ... Edward IV (April 28, 1442 – April 9, 1483) was King of England from March 4, 1461 to April 9, 1483, with a break of a few months in the period 1470–1471. ...

Breaking with Edward IV

By the late 1460s Warwick had quarrelled with the King. The breakdown in their relationship stemmed from Edward’s secret marriage to Elizabeth Woodville in 1464. Edward later announced his marriage to the considerable embarrassment of Warwick, who had been negotiating a match between Edward and a French bride to establish an alliance with France. This embarrassment turned to bitterness when the Woodvilles came to be favoured over the Nevilles at court. Other factors compounded Warwick’s disillusionment: Edward’s preference for an alliance with Burgundy rather than France, and his reluctance to allow his brothers George, Duke of Clarence and Richard, Duke of Gloucester to marry Warwick’s daughters Isabel and Anne. Centuries: 14th century - 15th century - 16th century Decades: 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s - 1460s - 1470s 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s Years: 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 Events and Trends Sonni Ali, first Songhai king, conquers many of his African neighbors. ... Elizabeth Woodville or Wydville (c. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples , most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... George (Plantagenet), Duke of Clarence (October 21, 1449 - February 18, 1478) was the third son of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, and the brother of King Edward IV of England. ... Richard III (2 October 1452–22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. ... Isabella Neville (1451-1476) was the younger daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, the Kingmaker of the war of the roses. ... Anne Neville (June 11, 1456–March 16, 1485) was Queen consort of King Richard III of England 1483-1485. ...

By 1469, Warwick had formed an alliance with Edward's jealous brother Clarence, to whom he married his elder daughter Isabel. They defeated Edward's forces at the Battle of Edgecote, capturing the King and ruling in his name for a few months. The Battle of Edgecote Moor took place 6 miles northeast of Banbury (Oxfordshire), England on July 26, 1469 during the Wars of the Roses. ...

Warwick's forces also captured the King's father-in-law, Richard Wydeville and his second son, John at Chepstow after the battle. They were beheaded at Kenilworth on August 12, 1469 on trumped-up charges. Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers born Richard Wydeville in 1412 at Maidstone, Kent, England was an English nobleman, best remembered as the father of Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV. He was the son of another Sir Richard Wydevill, chamberlain to the Duke of Bedford. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Crucially, however, Warwick's brother Montagu remained loyal to Edward. Warwick found that he could not rule effectively with the King imprisoned, and following his release the King gradually reasserted political control. John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (~1431 - April 14, 1471) was a Yorkist leader in the Wars of the Roses, best-known for eliminating Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV of England. ...

Warwick changes sides

Following another rebellion blamed on Warwick and Clarence in 1470, Warwick was attainted as a traitor and fled to France. There he came to form an alliance with his old enemy Margaret of Anjou, exiled queen of King Henry VI of England. As a result, he married his younger daughter, Anne, to Margaret's son, Edward, Prince of Wales. Margaret of Anjou (March 23, 1429 - August 25, 1482) was the Queen consort of Henry VI of England from 1445 to 1471, and a major proponent in the Wars of the Roses. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ... Edward of Westminster (October 13, 1453 – May 4, 1471) was the only Prince of Wales ever to die in battle. ...

Margaret remained suspicious of Warwick, and insisted that he cement their alliance by returning to England with an army. This time, Warwick's brother Montagu supported him with an army from the north, and Edward was forced into exile while Warwick restored Henry VI to the throne on October 30. October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ...

Warwick now planned to consolidate his alliance with Louis XI of France by helping France to invade Burgundy, for which King Louis promised him the reward of the Burgundian territories of Zeeland and Holland. News of this drove Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, to assist Edward with funds and an army to invade England in the spring of 1471. By the time Margaret and her supporters were ready to join Warwick from France, Warwick (along with his brother and chief supporter Montagu) had been defeated and killed by the returning Edward IV at the Battle of Barnet. Louis XI the Prudent (French: Louis XI le Prudent) (July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483), also informally nicknamed luniverselle aragne (old French for universal spider), or the Spider King, was King of France (1461–1483). ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples , most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... Charles the Bold Charles, called the Bold (French: Charles le Téméraire) (November 10, 1433 – 1477) was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477. ... John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (~1431 - April 14, 1471) was a Yorkist leader in the Wars of the Roses, best-known for eliminating Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV of England. ... The Battle of Barnet, which took place on April 14, 1471, was a decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, near the town of Barnet, 10 miles north of London. ...

His daughter, Isabel remained married to Clarence until her death in 1476; but Anne Neville, whose husband the Prince of Wales was killed at the Battle of Tewkesbury shortly after Warwick's death, later married Gloucester, who became King as Richard III. Combatants House of York House of Lancaster Commanders Edward IV of England Edmund Beaufort Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The Battle of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire, which took place on May 4, 1471, completed one phase of the Wars of the Roses. ... Richard III (2 October 1452–22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. ...

See also

• Percy-Neville feud
• Wars of the Roses
• Warwick Castle
• Middleham Castle
• Kingmaker board game based on the Wars of the Roses.

The Percy-Neville feud was a series of skirmishes, raids and vandalism between two prominent northern families and their followers that helped provoke the Wars of the Roses. ... Lancaster York For other uses see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation) The Wars of the Roses (1455 - 1485) was a series of civil wars fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ... Warwick Castle in the 19th century. ... Middleham Castle, now in the county of North Yorkshire, was build during the 12th century and later came into the hands of the Neville family, the most famous member of which was Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick - the Kingmaker. Under his ownership, improvements to the castle caused it to become... Cover of the original British version of Kingmaker Kingmaker is a board game created by Andrew McNeil. ...

References

• Oman, Charles (1891). Warwick, the Kingmaker. London; New York: Macmillan.
• Kendall, Paul Murray (1957).Warwick the Kingmaker. London. ISBN 0-351-17096-0
• Hicks, Michael (1998). Warwick the Kingmaker. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-16259-3

Fictional portrayals: Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman (January 12, 1860 - June 23, 1946) was a notable British military historian of the early 20th century. ... Paul Murray Kendall (1 March 1911 - 21 November 1973) was an American academic and historian. ... Michael James Hicks Born 1974 in Miami Florida. ...

• Lytton, Edward Bulwer (1843). The Last of the Barons. London.
• Penman, Sharon Kay (1982). The Sunne in Splendour. ISBN 0-345-36313-2.
• Worth, Sandra (2003). The Rose of York: Love & War. ISBN 0-9751264-0-7.

The Lord Lytton Novelist and politician Edward George Earl Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (May 25, 1803–January 18, 1873) was an English novelist, playwright, and politician. ... Sharon Kay Penman (born 1945) is an American author of fiction, born in New York, but her ancestors were Anglo-Irish. ... Sandra Worth is a Canadian author of fiction, and a U.S. citizen with strong ties to England. ...

External links

• Warwick Castle
• Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick biography at wars-of-the-roses.com