NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Richard Wright (author)

last christmas i gave you my heart but thye very next day you gave it away. this year to save me from tears, i'll give it to someone special!!! Richard Wright is the name of several people, including: Richard Wright, African-American author Richard B. Wright, Canadian author Richard Wright, keyboard player with Pink Floyd Richard Wright, England football goalkeeper Richard Wright, American politician This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might...

Richard Nathaniel Wright (September 4, 1908 – November 28, 1960) was an American author of powerful, sometimes controversial novels, short stories and non-fiction, informed by his status as a gifted but often discriminated against African-American. Image File history File links Richard_Wright. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Carl Van Vechten (June 17, 1880 â€“ December 21, 1964) was an American writer and photographer who was a patron of the Harlem Renaissance and the literary executor of Gertrude Stein. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Roxie is a town in Franklin County, Mississippi, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... This article is about work. ... This article is about the literary concept. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... An essayist is an author who writes compositions which can be about any particular subject. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Ralph Ellison (March 1, 1913[1] â€“ April 16, 1994) was a scholar and writer. ... James Arthur Baldwin (August 2, 1924 â€“ November 30, 1987) was an American novelist, short story writer, playwright, poet, and essayist, best known for his novel Go Tell It on the Mountain. ... Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks (June 7, 1917 â€“ December 3, 2000) was an African American poet. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Author (disambiguation). ... This article is about the literary concept. ... This article is in need of attention. ... For the book by Chuck Palahniuk titled Non-fiction, see Stranger Than Fiction: True Stories. ...

Biography

Early life

Wright, the grandson of slaves, was born on a plantation in Roxie, Mississippi, a tiny town located about 22 miles east of Natchez, in Franklin County. Slave sale in Easton, Maryland The history of slavery in the United States (1619-1865) began soon after the English colonists first settled in Virginia and lasted until the passage of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. ... This article is about crop plantations. ... Roxie is a town in Franklin County, Mississippi, United States. ... Melrose, an antebellum home in Natchez, Mississippi. ... Franklin County is a county located in the state of Mississippi. ...

Wright's family soon moved to Memphis, Tennessee. While in Memphis, his father Nathaniel, a former sharecropper, abandoned them. Wright, his brother, and mother soon moved to Jackson, Mississippi, to live with relatives. In Jackson, Wright grew up and attended public high school. For other uses, see Memphis (disambiguation). ... Sharecropping is a system of farming in which employee farmers work a parcel of land in return for a fraction of the parcels crops. ... : Crossroads of the South : The city of Grace and Benevolence United States Mississippi Hinds, (very small portions in Madison and Rankin) 106. ...

At the age of fifteen, Wright penned his first story, 'The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre'. It was published in Southern Register, a local black newspaper. Here, he formed some lasting impressions of American racism before moving back to Memphis in 1927. Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Chicago

Wright moved to Chicago, where he began to write and became active in the John Reed Club. As the club was dominated by the Communist Party, Wright established a relationship with a number of party members. A power struggle within the Chicago chapter of the John Reed Club led to the dissolution of the club's leadership, Wright was told he had the support of the club's party members if he was willing to join the party. He accepted, and was promptly elected leader of the club.^[1] Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ... John Reeds signature John Jack Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 â€“ October 19, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist, famous for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. ... John Reed John Jack Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 â€“ October 19, 1920) was an American journalist and communist activist, famous for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ...

Through the club, Wright edited Left Front, a magazine that the Communist Party ultimately shut down in 1937, despite Wright's repeated protests.^[2] Throughout this period, Wright also contributed to the New Masses magazine. History of the New Masses Magazine (The Masses and The Liberator Magazine) During the the First World War, most of the people who worked for the believed that the USA should remain neutral. ...

While Wright was at first pleased by the positive relations with white communists in Chicago, he was later humiliated in New York City by white communists who rescinded an offer to find housing for Wright because of his race.^[3] To make matters worse, Wright was quickly denounced as a bourgeois intellectual by black communists who were perturbed that Wright did not speak as they did, even though he had been forced, by circumstance, to end his public education after the completion of grammar school.^[4] New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Ultimately, Wright's insistence that young communist writers be given space to cultivate their talents and his working relationship with a Black nationalist communist led to a public falling out with the party and the leading African American communist, Buddy Nealson.^[5] Wright was threatened at knife point by fellow-traveling coworkers, denounced as a Trotskyite in the street by strikers and physically assaulted by former comrades when he tried to join them during the 1936 May Day march.^[6] Black nationalism is a political and social movement prominent in the 1960s and early 70s among African Americans in the United States. ... A fellow traveller is a person who sympathizes with the beliefs of a particular organization, but does not belong to that organization. ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... This article is about the holidays celebrated on May 1. ...

New York

In 1937, Richard Wright moved to New York. While he had fallen out with the Chicago chapter of the Communist Party, Wright forged new ties with the party after establishing himself in New York. He worked there on a Writers’ Project guidebook to the city entitled New York Panorama (1938) and wrote the book’s essay on the Harlem neighborhood. He also became the Harlem editor of the Daily Worker and helped edit a short-lived literary magazine, New Challenge. For other uses, see Harlem (disambiguation). ... The Daily Worker was a newspaper published by the Communist Party USA, a Comintern affiliated organization in New York, beginning in 1924. ...

Wright quickly gained national attention for his collection of four short stories, Uncle Tom's Children (1938). This work fictionalized the incidents of lynching in the Deep South. The collection earned him a Guggenheim Fellowship, which allowed him to complete his first novel, Native Son (1940). Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Postcard depicting the lynching of Lige Daniels, Center, Texas, August 3, 1920. ... For other uses, see Deep South (disambiguation). ... Guggenheim Fellowships are awarded annually by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. ... For other uses, see Native Son (disambiguation). ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Native Son was the first Book of the Month Club selection by an African American author. The lead character, Bigger Thomas, served to represent the limitations that society placed on African Americans, and illustrated that Thomas could only gain his own agency and self-knowledge by committing heinous acts. Wright was criticized for both works' concentration on violence, and, in the case of Native Son, for portraying a black person in ways which might seem to confirm whites' worst fears. The Book of the Month Club (founded 1923) is a United States mail-order business where consumers are offered a new book each month. ... Agency considered in the philosophical sense is the capacity of an agent to act in a world. ...

Wright is also renowned for the autobiographical Black Boy (1945), which describes his early life from Roxie through his move to Chicago, his clashes with his Seventh-day Adventist family, his troubles with white employers and social isolation. American Hunger, (published posthumously in 1977) was originally intended as the second book of Black Boy and is restored to this form in the Library of America edition. This article is about a novel. ... The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated Adventist[1]) Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week, as the Sabbath. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ...

This book details his involvement with the John Reed Clubs and the Communist Party, which he left in 1942, though the book implies that it was earlier, and the fact was not made public until 1944. In its restored form, its diptych structure mirrors the certainties and intolerance of organized communism, (the "bourgeois" books and condemned members) with similar qualities in fundamentalist organized religion. Due to McCarthyism, Wright was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses in the 1950s. John Reeds signature John Jack Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 â€“ October 19, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist, famous for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical Guild Educational Society warning of the dangers of a Communist takeover. ... Protestors opposing the jailing of the Hollywood Ten in 1950 (from the 1987 documentary Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist). ... Hollywood redirects here. ... A movie studio is a controlled environment for the making of a film. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ...

In 1942, Wright formally broke with the Communist Party, as he was frustrated by the party's theoretical rigidity and disapproved of purges in the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Wright continued to believe in far-left democratic solutions to political problems. Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Great Purge (Russian: , transliterated Bolshaya chistka) refers collectively to several related campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin during the 1930s, which removed all of his remaining opposition from power. ...

Paris

Wright moved to Paris in 1946, and became a permanent American expatriate. In Paris, he became friends with Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus while going through an Existentialist phase well depicted in his second novel, The Outsider (1953) which describes an African American character's involvement with the Communist Party in New York. In 1954 he published a minor novel, Savage Holiday (1954). After becoming a French citizen in 1947, he continued to travel through Europe, Asia, and Africa, and these experiences led to many nonfiction works. One of these nonfiction works is Black Power (1954), a commentary on the emerging nations of Africa. This article is about the capital of France. ... For the band, see Expatriate (band). ... Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (June 21, 1905 â€“ April 15, 1980), normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (pronounced: ), was a French existentialist philosopher and pioneer, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. ... For other uses, see Camus. ... Existentialism is a philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, individual freedom, and subjectivity. ... The Outsider book cover re-printed in 1993 The Outsider (ISBN 0060539259) is a novel by Richard Wright, first published in 1953. ...

In 1949, Wright contributed to the anti-communist anthology The God That Failed; his essay had been published in the Atlantic Monthly three years earlier. This led to an invitation to become involved with the Congress for Cultural Freedom, which he rejected, correctly suspecting that it had connections with the CIA. That organization, with the FBI, had Wright under surveillance from 1943. Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... The Atlantic Monthly (also known as The Atlantic) is an American literary/cultural magazine that was founded in November 1857. ... The International Association for Cultural Freedom (previously known as the Congress for Cultural Freedom) was an anti-communist political group best known for being revealed in 1967 as a covert operation of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1955, he visited Indonesia for the Bandung Conference and recorded his observations about the event in his book The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference. Wright was upbeat about the possibilities posed by this meeting between recently-oppressed nations. Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... The Bandung Conference was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, organized by Egypt, Indonesia, Burma, Ceylon(Sri Lanka), India, and Pakistan. ...

Other of Richard Wright's works include White Man, Listen! (1957), and another novel, The Long Dream in 1958 as well as a collection of short stories, Eight Men, published after his death in 1961. His works primarily deal with the poverty, anger, and the protests of northern and southern urban black Americans. Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is in need of attention. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In the last years of his life, Richard Wright became enamored with the Japanese poetry form haiku and he wrote over 4,000 of them. In 1998 a book was published ("Haiku: This Other World" ISBN 0-385-72024-6) with the 817 haiku that he preferred. Grave of the Japanese poet Yosa Buson Waka and Kanshi, Chinese poetry written in Chinese, were the two great pillars of traditional Japanese poetry. ... For the operating system, see Haiku (operating system). ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

Wright contracted amoebic dysentery on a visit to Africa in 1957,[1] and despite various treatments, his health deteriorated over the next three years. He died in Paris of a heart attack at the age of 52. He is interred there in Le Père Lachaise Cemetery. Wright's daughter Julia has claimed that her father was murdered. Upon his death, Wright left behind an unfinished book A Father's Law on French West Africa. His travel writings, edited by Virginia Whatley Smith, appeared in 2001, published by the Mississippi University Press. Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is frequent, small-volume, severe diarrhea that shows blood in the feces along with intestinal cramping and tenesmus (painful straining to pass stool). ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Heart attack redirects here. ... PÃ¨re Lachaise - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...

Some of the more candid passages dealing with race, sex, and politics in Wright's books had been cut or omitted before original publication. But in 1991, unexpurgated versions of Native Son, Black Boy, and his other works were published.

Family

In 1939, he married Dhimah Rose Meadman, a white dancer, but the two separated shortly thereafter. In 1941, he married Ellen Poplar, a white member of the Communist Party, and they had two daughters: Julia in 1942 and Rachel in 1949.

Publications

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1511 KB) Summary Richard Wright (Auteur de Black Boy) - Plaque souvenir sur les berges du Mississipi Ã Natchez en Louisiane self made PRA Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Richard Wright (author) User talk:Gamaliel Metadata This... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1511 KB) Summary Richard Wright (Auteur de Black Boy) - Plaque souvenir sur les berges du Mississipi Ã Natchez en Louisiane self made PRA Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Richard Wright (author) User talk:Gamaliel Metadata This...

Collections

Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ... Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ...

Drama

For other uses, see Native Son (disambiguation). ... Paul Green (17 March 1894 - 4 May 1981) American Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...

Fiction

Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

Nonfiction

Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... This article is about a novel. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Essays

Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... I Choose Exile is an essay written by author Richard Wright, provided a detailed account on his encountered discrimination as an African-American while attempting to purchase a home in New England, and his eventual decision to emigrate from the United States to France in 1947. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...

Poetry

Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

Literary Influences

Wright discusses a number of literary influences in Black Boy. As a young man living in Memphis, Tennessee, he began an intense reading period in which he became familiar with a wide range of authors, many of them contemporary American authors. Of that period in his life he wrote: Reading was like a drug, a dope. The novels created moods in which I lived for days. This article is about a novel. ... For other uses, see Memphis (disambiguation). ...

H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken (September 12, 1880 - January 29, 1956) was a twentieth century journalist and social critic, a cynic and a freethinker, known as the Sage of Baltimore and the American Nietzsche. He is often regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the early 20th... Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 â€“ July 27, 1946) was an American writer who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. ... Sinclair Lewis Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 â€” January 10, 1951) was an American novelist and playwright. ... â€œProustâ€ redirects here. ... In Search of Lost Time (a translation of the original À la recherche du temps perdu) is a sequence of 7 novels by French writer Marcel Proust, published between 1913 and 1927. ...

References

^ [Wright, Richard. The God that Failed. Edited by Richard Crossman. New York:Bantam Matrix, 1965. pp. 109-110. (Originally published in 1949)]
^ [Wright, Richard. The God that Failed. Edited by Richard Crossman. New York:Bantam Matrix, 1965. pp. 121.]
^ [Wright, Richard. The God that Failed. Edited by Richard Crossman. New York:Bantam Matrix, 1965. pp. 123-126.]
^ [Wright, Richard. The God that Failed. Edited by Richard Crossman. New York:Bantam Matrix, 1965. pp. 113-116.]
^ [Wright, Richard. The God that Failed. Edited by Richard Crossman. New York:Bantam Matrix, 1965. pp. 126-134.]
^ [Wright, Richard. The God that Failed. Edited by Richard Crossman. New York:Bantam Matrix, 1965. pp. 137, 143-45.]

The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 to April 1974) was a British politician and writer. ... The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 to April 1974) was a British politician and writer. ... The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 to April 1974) was a British politician and writer. ... The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 to April 1974) was a British politician and writer. ... The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 to April 1974) was a British politician and writer. ... The God that Failed is a song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 to April 1974) was a British politician and writer. ...

External links

Categories: African Americans | African American writers | African American novelists | American communists | American novelists | American poets | African American poets | American short story writers | Deaths by myocardial infarction | Hollywood blacklist | Mississippi writers | People from Mississippi | People from Chicago | 1908 births | 1960 deaths | Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery | American expatriates in France | American agnostics | Former Seventh-day Adventists Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ... This article is about the literary concept. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Roxie is a town in Franklin County, Mississippi, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

Contents

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