A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence. The term resistance has political overtones, as people have used it (and historically, other terms like it) to drum up support in opposition to foreign occupation. Invasion is a military action consisting of troops entering a foreign land (a nation or territory, or part of that), often resulting in the invading power occupying the area, whether briefly or for a long period. ... Belligerent military occupation occurs when one nations military occupy all or part of the territory of another nation or recognized belligerent during an invasion (during or after a war). ... Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. ...

Organizations and individuals critical of foreign intervention and supporting forms of organized movement (particularly where citizens are affected) tend to favor the term. When such a resistance movement uses violence, those favorably disposed to it may also speak of freedom fighters. Both phrases -- resistance movement and freedom fighters -- can become contentious terms for what other observers might describe as terrorists. This article is becoming very long. ...

Background

Resistance movements can include any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. This frequently includes groups that consider themselves to be resisting tyranny. Some resistance movements are underground organizations engaged in a struggle for national liberation in a country under military occupation or totalitarian domination. Irregular soldiers in Beauharnois, Quebec, 19th century Irregular military refers to any non-standard military. ... Look up Administration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A tyrant (from Greek τυραννος) is a usurper of rightful power, possessing absolute power and ruling by tyranny. ... The UR logo Underground Resistance (commonly abbreviated to UR) are a musical collective from Detroit, Michigan, in the United States of America. ... Look up Liberation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The concept of Totalitarianism is a typology or ideal-type used by some political scientists to encapsulate the characteristics of a number of twentieth century regimes that mobilized entire populations in support of the state or an ideology. ...

Tactics of resistance movements against a constituted authority range from nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, to industrial sabotage and guerrilla warfare. Or even conventional warfare if the resistance movement is strong enough. Any government facing violent acts from a resistance movement usually condemns such acts as terrorism, even when such attacks target only the military or security forces. In politics, authority (Latin auctoritas, used in Roman law as opposed to potestas and imperium) is often used interchangeably with the term power. However, their meanings differ. ... Nonviolent resistance (or nonviolent action) comprises the practice of applying power to achieve socio-political goals through symbolic protests, economic or political noncooperation, civil disobedience and other methods, without the use of violence. ... It has been suggested that Civil and social disobedience be merged into this article or section. ... Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an enemy through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction. ... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Resistance during World War II was dedicated to fighting the Axis invaders. Germany itself also had an anti-Nazi German resistance movement in this period. Although mainland Britain did not suffer invasion in World War II, the British made preparations for a British resistance movement in the event of a German invasion. Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Examples of resistance movements

World War II

See also Resistance during World War II

• Albanian resistance movement
• Belgian resistance movement
• Bulgarian resistance movement
• Czech Resistance movement
• Danish resistance movement
• Dutch resistance movement
• Estonian resistance movement
• French resistance movement in World War II, including the
  • Maquis
• German resistance movements
  • The White Rose
  • The Red Orchestra
• Greek resistance movement
• Italian resistance movement
• Latvian resistance movement
• Lithuanian resistance during World War II
• Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian ("Forest brothers") resistance movements during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic countries (continued after the end of WWII).
• Norwegian resistance movement
• Philippine resistance movement -- the anti-Japanese phase of the Huk movement
• Polish Secret State and resistance organizations:
  • Armia Krajowa (the Home Army), Polish underground army in World War II (400 000 sworn members)
  • Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
  • Bataliony Chłopskie
  • Gwardia Ludowa (the Peoples' Guard) and Armia Ludowa (the Peoples' Army)
  • Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB, the Jewish Fighting Organisation), Jewish resistance movement that led the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943
  • Zydowski Zwiazek Walki (ZZW, the Jewish Fighting Union), Jewish resistance movement that led the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943
• Romanian anti-communist resistance movement - during the Soviet occupation of Romania (continued after the end of WWII).
• Slovak resistance movement
• Soviet resistance movement of Soviet partisans and underground which had Moscow-organized and spontaneously formed cells opposing German occupation.
• Ukrainian Insurgent Army - fought the Poles, the Germans and the Soviets.
• Yugoslav resistance movements:
  • People's Liberation Army – the partisans
  • Yugoslav Royal Army in the Fatherland – Chetniks

Planned resistance movements: Combatants Allies: Soviet Union United Kingdom United States and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Franklin Roosevelt Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead: 50,000,000 Military dead: 8,000... Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. ... == On the same day, Hitler met with Chamberlain at Berchtesgaden and demanded the swift return of the Sudetenland to the Third Reich under threat of war. ... The Danish Resistance Movement was an underground insurgency movement to resist the German occupation of Denmark during World War II. Due to the unusually lenient terms given to Denmark by the Nazi occupation authority, the movement was slower to develop effective tactics on a wide scale than in some other... Members of the Dutch Eindhoven Resistance with troops of the US 101st Airborne in front of the Eindhoven cathedral during Operation Market Garden in September 1944. ... The Estonian resistance movement (Estonian Eesti vastupanuliikumine) was an underground insurgency movement to resist the Nazi occupation in Estonia during World War II. Due to the unusually lenient terms given to Estonia by the Nazi occupation authority, the movement was slower to develop effective tactics on a wide scale than... Bold textItalic textLink title // Headline text Headline text Headline text == The cross of Lorraine used by the French Resistance as a symbolic reference to Joan of Arc. ... The Maquis were the dominantly rural guerrilla bands of Belgian and French Resistance. ... Widerstand is the name given to the resistance movements in Nazi Germany. ... Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst, executed for participation in a resistance movement against the Nazi regime through the White Rose . White Rose (German: die Weiße Rose) was a World War II resistance group in Germany famous for a leaflet campaign in which they called for active opposition... Die Rote Kapelle (the Red Orchestra) was the name given by the Gestapo to two Communist resistance rings in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. The Gestapo used the name Red Orchestra to refer to the Schulze-Boysen / Harnack group, an anti-Hitler resistance movement in Germany with international... An ELAS soldier The Greek Resistance is the blanket term for a number of armed and unarmed groups from across the political spectrum that resisted the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II. // Origins The rise of resistance movements in Greece was precipitated by the invasion and occupation of... Partisans parading in Milan The Italian resistance movement was a partisan force during World War II. It became massive after the capitulation of the Italian Royal Army on September 8, 1943. ... Latvian resistance movement. ... The Forest Brothers (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; in Estonian: metsavennad, in Latvian meža brāļi) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian guerillas who fought against the Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic nations during, and after, World War II. At the... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Largest city Moscow Official language(s) None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics Establishment October Revolution  - Declared 30 December 1922   - Recognized 1... The three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania The terms Baltic countries, Baltic Sea countries, Baltic states, and Balticum refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea. ... Norwegian resistance to the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945 took several forms: Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled Norwegian government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of the Quisling regime and Terboven administration The initial defense in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganized, but... The Hukbalahap was the militant arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), formed in 1942 to fight the Japanese occupation in the Philippines during World War II. The term is a contraction of the Filipino term Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon which means Army of the... Polish Secret State (also known as Polish Underground State; Polish Polskie Państwo Podziemne) is a term coined by Jan Karski in his book Story of a Secret State; it is used to refer to all underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian. ... The Armia Krajowa (Home Army) or AK functioned as the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II in German-occupied Poland, which was active in all areas of the country from September 1939 until its disbanding in January 1945. ... Narodowe SiÅ‚y Zbrojne (English National Armed Forces, NSZ) was one of the Polish armed underground guerilla organizations, fighting Nazi German occupation in General Government. ... Bataliony ChÅ‚opskie (BCh, Polish Peasants Battalions) was a Polish World War II resistance movement and partisan organisation. ... Gwardia Ludowa (Peoples Guard, abbreviated GL) was a World War II resistance movement in Poland, organised by the Polish Workers Party. ... Armia Ludowa (AL, pronounced ; English Polish Peoples Army) was a Polish World War II resistance organisation. ... Other languages FAQs | Table free Welcome to Wikipedia, the free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit. ... Combatants Nazi Germany Polish and Jewish collaborators Jewish resistance (Å»OB, Å»ZW) Armia Krajowa Commanders Jürgen Stroop Mordechai Anielewicz†, Dawid Apfelbaum†, PaweÅ‚ Frenkiel†, Icchak Cukierman, Marek Edelman, Zivia Lubetkin, Henryk IwaÅ„ski Strength 2,054, including 821 Waffen SS At least 56,065 civilians, 750-1,000 insurgents Casualties Officially... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Żydowski Związek Walki (ŻZW, Polish for Jewish Fighting Union) was an underground organisation operating during World War II in the area of Warsaw Ghetto and fighting during Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ... Combatants Nazi Germany Polish and Jewish collaborators Jewish resistance (Å»OB, Å»ZW) Armia Krajowa Commanders Jürgen Stroop Mordechai Anielewicz†, Dawid Apfelbaum†, PaweÅ‚ Frenkiel†, Icchak Cukierman, Marek Edelman, Zivia Lubetkin, Henryk IwaÅ„ski Strength 2,054, including 821 Waffen SS At least 56,065 civilians, 750-1,000 insurgents Casualties Officially... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Combatants Nazi Germany Slovakia Commanders Heinrich Himmler Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ Ján Golian† Rudolf Viest† Strength 40,000, later increased to 83,000 18,000 initially, later increased to 78,000 Casualties ≈10,000 ≈10,000 + 5,304 captured and executed Memorial of the Slovak National Uprising in Banska Bystrica The... The Soviet partisans were members anti-fascist resistance movement which fought against the occupation of the Soviet Union by Axis forces during World War II. At the end of June 1941, immediately after the Germans crossed the Soviet border, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) (see... UPA propaganda poster The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian: ) was a Ukrainian guerrilla army formed on October 14, 1942, in Volhynia. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Largest city Moscow Official language(s) None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics Establishment October Revolution  - Declared 30 December 1922   - Recognized 1... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all South Slavic languages, Југославија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for the three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... The Rebellion The Yugoslav Partisans were the main resistance movement engaged in the fight against the Axis forces in the Balkans during World War II. // Origins The Yugoslav Partisans went under the official name of National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Slovene: Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije... The Chetniks (Serbian četnici, четници) were a Serbian nationalist and royalist organization with origins in the 19th century Serbian movement opposing Ottoman rule. ...

• The Auxiliary Units, organized by Colonel Colin Gubbins as a potential British resistance movement against a possible invasion of the British Isles by Nazi forces.

The Auxiliary Units (or Auxunits) were specially trained highly secret units created with the aim of resisting the expected invasion of the British Isles by Nazi Germany during World War II. Britain was the only country during the war to create such a resistance movement in advance of an invasion. ... Major General Sir Colin Gubbins (1896-1976) was the prime mover of the SOE (Special Operations Executive) in the Second World War. ...

Pre-World War II

• The Rising of East Karelians (1921-1922)
• Lwów Eaglets
• Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-1939)
• Filipino guerilla units after official end of Philippine-American War (1902-1913)

Metsäsissit (Forest Guerillas) was a finnic resistance movement formed by some of the finnic inhabitants of the parishes of Repola and Porajärvi in addition to several White Guard volunteers after their territory was given back to Bolshevist Russia in the Treaty of Tartu of 1920. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Lwów Eaglets; Defenders of the Cemetery, painting by Wojciech Kossak, 1926, oil on canvas, 90 x 120 cm, Polish Military Museum, Warsaw Battle of Zadwórze, a 1929 painting by StanisÅ‚aw Kaczor-Batowski 1929(Polish Military Museum) Lwów Eaglets (Polish: ) is a term of affection applied to... The Non-Cooperation Movement was the first-ever series of nationwide peoples movements of nonviolent resistance, led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants United States The Philippines Commanders Elwell Stephen Otis Emilio Aguinaldo Strength 126,000 soldiers 80,000 soldiers Casualties 4,324 U.S. soldiers dead 2,840 wounded; 2,000 killed, dead, or wounded of the Philippine Constabulary 16,000 soldiers killed est. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Pre-20th Century

• Carbonari - 19th century Italian movement resisting Austrian or Bourbon rule.

• Sons of Liberty - Revolutionary patriot group that embraced Republicanism in the United States during the 1760's and 1770's and routinely engaged in acts of violent resistance against British government officials and prominent loyalist sympathizers. The Boston branch of the Sons of Liberty met under the Liberty Tree, from which they would post messages or hang and burn effigies of their enemies.

• The Underground Railroad - The pre American Civil War slave escape network consisting of volunteers who were dedicated to secretly helping escaping slave reach free states or Canada.

The Carbonari (coalmen) were groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th century. ... The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... The Sons of Liberty was a label adopted by Patriots in the British North American colonies before the American Revolution. ... Look up patriot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Republicanism is the idea of a nation being governed as a republic. ... The Sons of Liberty tarring and feathering a tax collector underneath the Liberty Tree The Liberty Tree (1646–1775) was a famous elm tree that stood in the commons of Boston, Massachusetts Colony, in the days before the American Revolution. ... Map of some Underground Railroad routes This page is about the slave escape route. ... The Civil War is by far the most common term for this conflict; see Naming the American Civil War. ...

Notable individuals in resistance movements

World War II (anti-Nazi, anti-Fascist)

• Mordechaj Anielewicz
• Josip Broz - Tito
• Edmund Charaszkiewicz
• Mildred Harnack
• Jan Karski
• Henryk Iwański
• Jean Moulin
• Christian Pineau
• Hannie Schaft
• Nancy Wake
• Claus von Stauffenberg

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Anti-Fascism is a belief and practice of opposing all forms of Fascism. ... Mordechaj Anielewicz Mordechai Anielewicz (1919–1943) was the commander of the Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (English: Jewish Fighting Organization), also known as ŻOB, during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ... Portrait of Tito by Paja Jovanović Tito redirects here. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Arvid and Mildred Harnack in the early 1930s Mildred Harnack (born 16 September 1902 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as Mildred Fish; died 16 February 1943 in Berlin-Plötzensee) was an American-German literary historian, translator, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. ... Before a wall map of the Warsaw Ghetto at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Jan Karski recalls his secret 1942 missions into the Nazi prison-city-within-a-city. ... Henryk Iwański (1902-1978), codename Bystry was a member of the Polish resistance during WWII. He is known for leading one of the most daring action of Armia Krajowa in support of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ... An artists rendition of Jean Moulins most famous depiction, with a scarf (see below) Jean Moulin (June 20, 1899–July 8, 1943) was a high-profile member of the French Resistance during World War II. He is remembered today as an emblem of the Resistance because of his... Christian Pineau, French resistance leader and statesman Christian Pineau (October 14, 1904 - April 5, 1995) was a noted French Resistance fighter. ... Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (16 September 1920 - 17 April 1944), was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. Her nickname was the girl with the red hair (Het meisje met het rode haar, in Dutch). ... Nancy Wake in Paris, 1932 Nancy Grace Augusta Wake, AC, GM, Légion dhonneur, Croix de Guerre(x3), (born August 30, 1912), was the Allies most decorated servicewoman of World War II who fought alongside the maquis groups of the French Resistance. ... Claus von Stauffenberg Claus Philipp Maria Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg (15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German aristocrat and army colonel during World War II. He was one of the leading figures of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ...

Other resistance movements

• Michel Bakunin
• Buenaventura Durruti
• David Ben Gurion
• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Geronimo
• Robin Hood
• Lembitu
• Louis Joseph Papineau
• Nelson Mandela
• Nestor Makhno
• Maria Nikiforova
• Michael Collins
• Osceola
• Red Cloud
• Rummu Jüri
• Theobald Wolfe Tone
• Laura Secord
• Wilhelm Tell
• William Lyon Mackenzie
• Aivar Voitka
• Ülo Voitka
• Yassir Arafat

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo) (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 30, 1814–June 13, 1876) was a well known Russian anarchist. ... Buenaventura Durruti (July 14, 1896 in León—November 20, 1936, Madrid) was a central figure of Spanish anarchism during the period leading up to and during the Spanish Civil War. ... ... Garibaldi in 1866 Giuseppe Garibaldi (July 4, 1807 – June 2, 1882) was an Italian patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento. ... Geronimo Geronimo (Chiricahua Goyaałé One Who Yawns; often spelled Goyathlay in English), (June 16, 1829–February 17, 1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who long warred against the encroachment of the white man on tribal lands. ... Robin Hood memorial statue in Nottingham. ... Lembitu (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) was one of the best-known Estonian leaders in the fight against the conquest of German Sword Brethren in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Portrait of Louis-Joseph Papineau. ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela OM, CC, AC, QC (IPA: ) (born July 18, 1918) was the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections. ... Nestor Makhno in 1909 Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (October 27, 1889 – July 25, 1934) was an anarcho-communist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. ... Maria Nikiforova was an anarchist partisan leader, who exercised a substantial influence upon Makhno, the Ukrainian revolutionary, from the very beginning of their acquaintance. ... Michael Collins is the name of several people: Michael Collins (Irish leader), an Irish patriot and revolutionary Michael Collins (film) Michael Collins (Limerick politician), a modern-day Irish politician Michael Collins (astronaut), an American astronaut Michael P. Collins, a Canadian expert on reinforced concrete structures This is a disambiguation page... Osceola Osceola (1804-January 20, 1838) was a leader of the Seminole Indians in Florida. ... Red Cloud Red Cloud Red Cloud (Lakota: Makhpyia-luta), (1822 – December 10, 1909) was a chief of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). ... Rummu Jüri (Jüri Rummo; 2 August (21 July) 1856) is the archetypical Estonian folk hero, an outlaw who stole from the rich to give to the poor. ... Theobald Wolfe Tone Theobald Wolfe Tone, commonly known as Wolfe Tone (June 20, 1763 - November 19, 1798) was a leading figure in the Irish independence movement and is regarded as the father of Irish republicans. ... Painting by Mildred Peel Laura Secord (née Ingersoll) (September 13, 1775 – October 17, 1868) was a Canadian heroine of the War of 1812. ... William Tell (German Wilhelm Tell) was a legendary hero of disputed historical accuracy said to have lived in the Canton of Uri in Switzerland in the early 14th century. ... William Lyon Mackenzie William Lyon Mackenzie (March 12, 1795 – August 28, 1861) was a Canadian journalist, politician and leader of an unsuccessful rebellion. ... Aivar Voitka (17 March 1967) is an estonian freedom fighter, forest brother, pro-anarchist. ... Ãœlo Voitka (7 October 1968) is an estonian freedom fighter, forest brother, pro-anarchist. ... Yasser Arafat Yasser Arafat (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Muhammad `Abd ar-Rauf al-Qudwa al-Husayni (Arabic محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني) and also known as Abu `Ammar (ابو عمّار), was co-founder and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004...

See also

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Resistance movement

• Rebellion
• Collaboration (the opposite of resistance)
• Covert cell
• List of guerrillas
• Nonviolent resistance
• Polish Secret State
• Special Operations Executive
• Anti-fascism
• Valkenburg resistance - an example of (Dutch) resistance in practise.
• Fictional resistance movements and groups