NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Riigikogu

The Riigikogu (from riigi-, of the state, and kogu, assembly) is the parliament of Estonia. All important state-related questions pass through the Riigikogu. In addition to approving legislation, the Riigikogu appoints high officials, including the Prime Minister and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the President. The Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations, bring about changes in law, etc.; approves the budget presented by the government as law and monitors the executive power. The President of Estonia is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. ... Toomas Hendrik Ilves [IPA: toËmÉ‘s hendrik ilves] (born December 26, 1953) is an Estonian politician. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Estonia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Supreme Court of Estonia is a court of cassation, also fulfilling the functions of a constitutional court. ... Elections in Estonia gives information on election and election results in Estonia. ... Parliamentary elections took place in Estonia on Sunday, March 4, 2007. ... Estonian parliamentary election of 2003 was held on 2nd March, 2003. ... Political parties in Estonia lists political parties in Estonia. ... A County (est: maakond) is an administrative subdivision of Estonia. ... This is a list of the rural municipalities (vallad, singular - vald) of Estonia. ... The European Union or EU is a supranational and international organization of 27 member states. ... Following restoration of independence from the Soviet Union, Estonias immediate priority was the withdrawal of Russian (formerly Soviet) forces from Estonian territory. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... The President of Estonia is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. ...

History

Early elections

The first elections to the Riigikogu took place in 1920. From 1920 to 1938, there were five more elections to the Riigikogu, but several were on the basis of different constitutions. In 1920-1923 there was a closed list, while from 1926 to 1934 there was an optional open list choice. The basis of election was until 1932 proportional representation. The elections were on a regional basis, without any threshold in the first two elections, but from 1926 a moderate threshold (2%) was used. 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ...

Toompea castle

Since 1922, the sessions of the Riigikogu have taken place in the Toompea castle, where one wing was rebuilt for use of the Riigikogu. During the subsequent periods of Soviet (1940-41), German (1941-44) and second Soviet occupation of Estonia (1944-1991) the Riigikogu was disbanded. Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Toompea is a hill in Tallinn centre. ... Soviet redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... This term is generally used for the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) in the first phases of World War II. // History of the occupation Before the beginning of World War II Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed an ostensible non-aggression treaty known as... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

Independence from the Soviet Union

In September 1992, a year after Estonia had regained its independence from the Soviet Union, elections to the Riigikogu took place according to the Constitution of Estonia adopted in the summer of the same year. According to the 1992 constitution, the Riigikogu has 101 members. The present Riigikogu was elected on March 4, 2007. The main differences between this system and a pure PR system are the established 5% national threshold, and the use of a modified d'Hondt formula (the divisor is raised to the power 0.9). This modification makes for more unproportionality than does the usual form of the formula. Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Flag of Estonia The Constitution of Estonia was adopted on 28 June 1992. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... The DHondt method (equivalent to Jeffersons method) is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. ...

Latest election

Current seats allocation

The Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Eesti Reformierakond) is a free market liberal party in Estonia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... The Centre Party of Estonia (Eesti Keskerakond) is a left of centre, centrist, social liberal party in Estonia. ... Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar (born May 31, 1950 in Harku Commune, Harju County), is an Estonian politician and the leader of the Centre Party. ... Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (in Estonian: Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit) is an Estonian political party. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Social Democratic Party (Estonian: Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond or SDE) is a social democratic party in Estonia, led by Ivari Padar. ... Ivari Padar (born 12 March 1965 in Navi, VÃµrumaa) is the current Estonian Minister of Finance and chairman of the Estonian Social Democratic Party. ... Estonian Greens (Erakond Eestimaa Rohelised) is an Estonian green political party. ... {{Infobox Estonia Political Party/active/lifespan| The party was founded on 29 September 1994 in Tallinn under the name of Estonian Country Peoples Party (Eesti Maarahva Erakond, EME). ...

External links

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Parliament of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia² · Austria · Azerbaijan⁴ · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus² · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia⁴ · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan¹ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia¹ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey¹ · Ukraine · United Kingdom Parliament of Europe may refer to: the European Parliament, an institution of the European Union the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, an institution of the Council of Europe Category: ... The Parliament of the Macedonia, the Assembly (Sobranie), has 120 members, elected for a four year term, by proportional representation. ... The Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro (Serbian: SkupÅ¡tina Republike Crne Gore) is the legislature of Montenegro. ... The parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: ÐÐ°Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° ÑÐºÑƒÐ¿ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸Ñ˜Ðµ). The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Predrag MarkoviÄ‡ (G17 Plus). ...

Dependencies, autonomies, and other territories
Abkhazia⁴ · Adjara² · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kosovo and Metohija · Man, Isle of · Nagorno-Karabakh² · Nakhchivan² · Svalbard · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus^2, 3 A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Types of administrative and/or political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... The Peoples Assembly of Abkhazia is the legislature of the internationally unrecognised Republic of Abkhazia. ... The Lagting, or Lagtinget, is the parliament of Ã…land, an autonomous, demilitarised and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland. ... The Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ; English: ) is the official name of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraines parliament. ... Assembly of Kosovo (Serbian Скупштина Косова; Albanian Kuvendi i Kosovës) is the highest provisional self-government and representative and law making institution of Kosovo. ... The parliament of Nagorno Karabakh, the National Assembly (Azgayin Zhoghov), has 33 members, elected for a five year term in single seat constituencies. ... The Supreme Council of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Russian: Ð’ÐµÑ€Ñ…Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑ‚ ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð´Ð½ÐµÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÐœÐ¾Ð»Ð´Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð ÐµÑÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸, Verkhovny Soviet Pridniestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki) is the parliament of Transnistria. ... The parliament of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the Assembly of the Republic (Cumhuriyet Meclisi) has 50 members, elected for a five year term by mitigated proportional representation. ...

¹ Has significant territory in Asia. ² Entirely in West Asia, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. ³ Only recognised by Turkey. ⁴ Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia. A transcontinental country is a country belonging to more than one continent. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ...