On September 1, 2005 the towns of Ashiro and Nishine and the village of Matsuo from Iwate District merged, forming the city of Hachimantai.
On February 20, 2006 the cities of Esashi and Mizusawa and the municipaltites of Maesawa, Isawa and Koromogawa from Isawa District merged to form the new city of Ōshū.
Iwate's industry is concentrated around Morioka and specializes in semconductor and communication manufacturing.