The River Calder is a river flowing through the predominantly urban areas of West Yorkshire, England, and gives its name to the borough of Calderdale. The river flows through the local authorities of Calderdale, Kirklees and Wakefield. River Gambia flowing through Niokolokoba National Park A river is a large natural waterway. ... West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Calderdale is a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. ... Calderdale is a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. ... ... Statistics Population: 79,885 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE335205 Administration Metropolitan Borough: City of Wakefield Metropolitan county: West Yorkshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Police Fire and...

View of the Calder Valley west of Hebden Bridge

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 807 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): River Calder ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 807 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): River Calder ...

Name

The name 'Calder' comes either from the early British meaning 'hard' or violent waters or stream, or possibly from the Celtic, meaning 'river of stones'.

Geography

The river rises approximately 400m above sea level at Heald Moor, north-west of Todmorden, and drains an area of 957km2. It flows for a distance of around 44 miles through Todmorden, Hebden Bridge, Mytholmroyd, Luddendenfoot, Sowerby Bridge, Copley, Elland, Brighouse, Dewsbury and on to Wakefield. Todmorden c. ... Todmorden c. ... Statistics Population: approx 4,500 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SD993273 Administration District: Calderdale Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Ambulance service: Yorkshire Post office and telephone Post town... Statistics Population: 4,200 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE012260 Administration District: Calderdale Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Ambulance: Yorkshire Post office and telephone Post town: HEBDEN BRIDGE... Luddendenfoot is a community in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, lying along the River Calder between Sowerby Bridge and Hebden Bridge. ... Sowerby Bridge is a town in the county of West Yorkshire, England, southwest of Halifax, at the junction between the Rochdale Canal and the Calder and Hebble Navigation, and on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. ... Copley is the name of several places in the world: Copley, County Durham, England Copley, Cheshire, England Copley, Yorkshire, England Copley, Ohio, United States of America See also: Coplay, Pennsylvania, United States of America This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Elland is a town in the county of West Yorkshire, England, south of Halifax, England, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. ... Brighouse Coat of Arms Brighouse is the second largest town in the metropolitan district of Calderdale in the county of West Yorkshire, England,The 2001 census gave the towns population as 32,198. ... Statistics Population: 54,341 (2001) Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE245225 Administration District: Kirklees Metropolitan county: West Yorkshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire Services Police force: West Yorkshire Police Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: Yorkshire...

The catchment lies on carboniferous rocks of Millstone Grit, and is heavily reservoired, with 39 reservoirs licensed to provide water. The river is joined by Hebden Water at Hebden Bridge, and is linked to the town of Rochdale, Greater Manchester across the Pennines via the Rochdale Canal. The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359. ... Gritstone is a sedimentary rock composed of coarse sand grains and is a coarser version of sandstone. ... A reservoir (French: réservoir) is an artificial lake created by flooding land behind a dam. ... Statistics Population: 94,000 (2001 Census)) Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SD893130 Administration District: Rochdale Metropolitan county: Greater Manchester Region: North West England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Greater Manchester Historic county: Lancashire Services Police force: Greater Manchester Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: North West... Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England which roughly encompasses the conurbation surrounding the City of Manchester, and has a population of 2. ... Typical Pennine scenery. ... A Lock on the Rochdale Canal with water flowing over the gate due to the lack of a side channel. ...

Across much of its length, the Calder is canalised and becomes the Calder and Hebble Navigation. It is also part of the Aire and Calder Navigation, and to the east of Castleford, it merges into the River Aire, going on to join the River Humber and the North Sea. The Calder and Hebble Navigation just before it joins the Rochdale Canal The Calder and Hebble Navigation is a canal system in West Yorkshire, England. ... The Aire and Calder Navigation is a river and canal system of the River Aire and the River Calder in the county of West Yorkshire, England. ... Arms of the former Castleford Borough Council Castleford is one of the five towns in the Wakefield borough, in the county of West Yorkshire, England, near to Pontefract, with a population of 37,525 according to the 2001. ... Gordale Beck flows out of Gordale Scar to join the Aire. ... Humber is also the name of one of the ranges of cars manufactured by the Rootes Group Humber is also the name of a river in Newfoundland, Canada, as well as a river and a college, both in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...

History

The river was key to the success of the textile industries in the local area, and flows through the area known as the Yorkshire Heavy Woollen District. Many major mills were constructed along its banks, particularly at Halifax, Huddersfield, Dewsbury and Wakefield, but also in the smaller communities of Hebden Bridge, Sowerby Bridge and Todmorden. Many of these structures still exist as listed buildings, although the large scale production of yarn and textile has now ceased. The Heavy Woollen District is so-called because of the nature of the cloth manufactured in the towns of Dewsbury, Batley, Heckmondwike, Cleckheaton, Mirfield and the surrounding villages during the 18th, 19th and early part of the 20th century. ... This article is about the English town - see Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia for the city in Canada, and Halifax for everywhere else Statistics Population: 82,056 [1] Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE335205 Administration District: Calderdale Metropolitan county: West Yorkshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign... Statistics Population: 146,234 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE145165 Administration Metropolitan borough: Kirklees Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Fire and rescue: West Yorkshire Ambulance: Yorkshire Post office... Statistics Population: 54,341 (2001) Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE245225 Administration District: Kirklees Metropolitan county: West Yorkshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire Services Police force: West Yorkshire Police Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: Yorkshire... Statistics Population: 79,885 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE335205 Administration Metropolitan Borough: City of Wakefield Metropolitan county: West Yorkshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Police Fire and... Statistics Population: approx 4,500 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SD993273 Administration District: Calderdale Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Ambulance service: Yorkshire Post office and telephone Post town... Sowerby Bridge is a town in the county of West Yorkshire, England, southwest of Halifax, at the junction between the Rochdale Canal and the Calder and Hebble Navigation, and on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. ... Todmorden c. ... This article is about yarn fiber. ... Sunday textile market on the sidewalks of Karachi, Pakistan. ...

The river formed an important transportation system for raw materials and the products of the mills, particularly prior to the development of other infrastructures such as road and railway links to the area. At many places, the river is not navigable because of weirs or the shallow depth, and passage for boats was made by the creation of cuts where boats are able to enter the Calder and Hebble Navigation. Work began to make the Calder navigable above Wakefield in 1758. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Calder and Hebble Navigation just before it joins the Rochdale Canal The Calder and Hebble Navigation is a canal system in West Yorkshire, England. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

A notable building on the river is the Chantry Chapel at Wakefield, which dates from the mid 14th century. Chantry is a term for the English establishment of a shrine or chapel on private land where monks or priests would say (or chant) prayers on a fixed schedule, usually for someone who had died. ... Statistics Population: 79,885 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE335205 Administration Metropolitan Borough: City of Wakefield Metropolitan county: West Yorkshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Police Fire and... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

At Wakefield, a variety of former mill buildings are currently being redeveloped to create a Waterfront project which will combine residential housing, offices, galleries and public spaces. Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century) A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production, or metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire drawing). ...

Environmental

Wildlife & Fish

Until the 19th century, the Calder was home to large numbers of salmon, but pollution from the textile and chemical industries along its banks led to the death of the salmon population by the mid 19th century. The last salmon on record was caught at Wakefield in 1850. Upstream of Huddersfield are popular areas for coarse fishing, roach, perch, chub, dace, minnows, gudgeon, pike, bream and trout. However, there are very little fish downstream of Huddersfield due to the amount of pollution produced by the town. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Statistics Population: 146,234 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE145165 Administration Metropolitan borough: Kirklees Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Fire and rescue: West Yorkshire Ambulance: Yorkshire Post office... Binomial name Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758 The Roach (Rutilus rutilus, family Cyprinidae, plural also roach) is a small freshwater and brackish water fish native to most of Europe and western Asia. ... Species P. flavescens (Yellow perch) P. fluviatilis (European perch) P. schrenkii (Balkhash perch) For other meanings of the word perch, including fish not in the Perca genus, see Perch (disambiguation). ... Chub is a type of minnow (Cyprinidae). ... A dace is any of a number of species of small cyprinid fish. ... For fish, the word minnow can mean, in decreasing order of specificity: The Eurasian minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Any, particularly small, fish of the family Cyprinidae Any, particularly small, fish of the family Centrarchidae Fish of the family Galaxiidae, in particular those of genus galaxiid occurring in the Southern... In general, a gudgeon is a circular fitting, often made of metal, which is fixed onto some surface. ... Species  E. americanus –       grass and redfin pickerels  E. lucius – northern pike  E. masquinongy – muskellunge  E. niger – chain pickerel   – Amur pike Esox Linnaeus, 1758, is a genus of freshwater fish, the only member of the pike family (family Esocidae) of order Esociformes. ... Bream caught in the Volga River near Kashin, Russia. ... Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Biwa trout, Oncorhynchus masou subsp Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ... Statistics Population: 146,234 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SE145165 Administration Metropolitan borough: Kirklees Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: West Yorkshire Historic county: Yorkshire (West Riding) Services Police force: West Yorkshire Fire and rescue: West Yorkshire Ambulance: Yorkshire Post office...

Alongside the river are four Sites of Special Scientific Interest. A Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. ...

Recent improvements in reducing the amount of pollution have led to the return of native wildlife, such as the otter and kingfisher to the upper stretches of the river. BRIAN!!!!!! Genera Amblonyx Aonyx Enhydra Lontra Lutra Lutrogale Pteronura The aquatic (sometimes marine) carnivorous mammals known as otters form part of the large and diverse family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others. ... Families Alcedinidae Halcyonidae Cerylidae Kingfishers are birds of the three families Alcedinidae (river kingfishers), Halcyonidae (tree kingfishers), and Cerylidae (water kingfishers). ...

Several Kingfishers are easily spotted (in Spring/Summer, due to its orange underbelly) at the section between Healey Mills and Horbury Bridge.

Pollution

The river has been heavily polluted by the textile industry, and, more recently, chemical works along its banks.

Close to its source at Heald Foot, the water is polluted by the remains of past opencast mining activities and a landfill site. This has also led to a significant amount of soil erosion, with major mudslides into the river and its tributaries in 1947, 1982, 1991 and 2001. This article is about mineral extraction. ... Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock, and so forth) by the agents of wind, water, ice, or movement in response to gravity. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

As the river reached Huddersfield, the traditional textile industries created considerable amount of water pollution, particularly through the processes involved in the production of chemical dye and in scouring the wool clean. The enormous growth of the population over the last hundred years (currently over 800,000 people live within the river's catchment) has caused other problems in relation to sewage. Another major source of pollution until recently came from a disused tar distillery in Mirfield [1]. Sunday textile market on the sidewalks of Karachi, Pakistan. ... Yarn drying after being dyed in the early American tradition, at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Sewage is the liquid water produced by human society which typically contains washing water, laundry waste, faeces, urine and other liquid or semi-liquid wastes. ... Mirfield is a town in West Yorkshire, England, near Dewsbury. ...

Tighter controls during the 1950s led to an improvement in water quality, and presently organisations such as Calder Future are working collaboratively with local industries and Yorkshire Water to promote more responsible use of the river and to re-establish lost wildlife along its banks. The 1950s was the decade spanning from the 1st of January, 1950 to the 31st of December, 1959. ... Kelda Group plc is a British utility company. ...

Flooding and Flood Defences

The river has a history of flooding, mainly due to the high sides of its banks in its earlier stages, which cause rapid runoff of water following heavy rain. Much of the lower part of the river has been urbanised, therefore trapping flowing water within the engineered river channels. Fast flows of water cause the deposition of sediment collected from the river banks, raising the river height further. Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ...

A variety of flood defences are in operation along the Calder Valley to prevent the recurrence of floods which devastated communities in the early part of this century. At Wakefield, for example, the lake at Pugneys Country Park is used as an overflow for the river in order to protect the town. Pugneys Country Park is a 250 acre park located on the A636 between Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England and Junction 39 of the M1 Motorway. ...

Leisure Use of the River

The river is home to a variety of watersports activities:

• a canoeing centre at Sowerby Bridge
• waterskiing in gravel pits at Cromwell Bottom
• watersports and angling at Pugneys Country Park
• the use of leisure craft and narrowboats along the lower stretch of the river where navigation is made easier through the canals built during the Industrial Revolution
• Walking routes along the Pennine Way and Calderdale Way

Canoeing is the recreational or sporting activity of paddling a canoe or kayak. ... Recreational skiiers typically use two skis — other techniques abound. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sport fishing. ... A Watt steam engine in Madrid. ... The Pennine Way is a long-distance footpath in England. ...

Sources

Kirklees site about the River Calder

External links

• Calder Future
• Wakefield Waterfront Project
• Calder Catchment Flood Management Plan

See also

• Rivers of the United Kingdom