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Motor-vehicle collisions are damaging events involving road traffic, particularly automobiles. They can cause damage to vehicles, people or structures. Motor-vehicle collisions — also called traffic collisions, auto accidents, road accidents, car accidents and motor vehicle collisions — kill an estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year, and injure about forty times this number (WHO, 2004). A car accident in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004. ...
A car accident in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004. ...
Location within the British Isles Yate (pop. ...
Bristol is a unitary authority with city and ceremonial county status in South West England. ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: England Travel guide to England from Wikitravel English language English law English (people) List of monarchs of England – Kings of England family tree List of English people Angeln (region in northern Germany, presumably the origin of the Angles for whom England is named) UK...
2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: July 2004 in sports Deaths in July • 31 David B. Haight • 29 Francis Crick • 29 Nafisa Joseph • 23 Joe Cahill • 23 Mehmood • 23 Illinois Jacquet • 23 Carlos Paredes • 22 Sacha Distel • 21 Jerry Goldsmith • 21...
semi-trailer truck with sleeper behind the cab. ...
A roundabout, rotary, or gyratory circus is a type of road junction (or traffic calming device) at which traffic streams circularly around a central island after first yielding to the circulating traffic. ...
The hood (US) or bonnet (UK) is the hinged cover over the engine of motor vehicles. ...
Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. ...
A small variety of cars, the most popular kind of automobile. ...
First fatality
The first fatality in a steam driven vehicle may have been Mary Ward who on 31 August 1869 fell under a steam driven car in Ireland [1]. Mary Ward (b. ...
August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August. ...
1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
In the UK the first person to die in a petrol driven car collision was a pedestrian, Bridget Driscoll in 1896. The first driver/passenger deaths occurred on 25 February 1899. A 6 HP Daimler, driven by 31-year-old engineer Edwin Sewell, crashed on Grove Hill, a steeply graded road on the northern slope of Harrow on the Hill, Middlesex, now in north-west London. A rear wheel collapsed after breaking its rim and the car hit a sturdy brick wall. Sewell was killed immediately when he and his passenger, a Major Richer, were thrown from the vehicle. Richer died 3 days later in hospital. The spot is now marked with a commemorative plaque. On August 17, 1896, in London, Bridget Driscoll, age 44, became the worlds first person to be killed in a car accident. ...
1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Logo of Daimler 1898 Daimler car in Bristol Industrial Museum, England Daimler is a British marque of motor car since 1896 and is now a division of Jaguar Cars. ...
The London Borough of Harrow is a London borough of outer northwest London. ...
Middlesex is an area of south-eastern England, it is traditionally regarded as one of the 39 historic counties of England. ...
Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7. ...
Terminology issues There is some debate about the appropriateness of the word accident in the context of motor vehicle collisions, which generally result from carelessness or sometimes dangerous driving rather than from circumstances beyond the control of any of those involved. Some road traffic safety authorities have started using alternative expressions such as car crashes, car wrecks, collisions or incidents to emphasise that many (possibly most) collisions are entirely avoidable; for example, the official UK statistics which were known as Road Accidents Great Britain (RAGB) are now known as Road Casualties Great Britain. Further, in some areas (e.g. Victoria, Australia), authorities are considering counting single-vehicle single-occupant road traffic crash fatalities in that state's suicide statistics as well as in road toll statistics. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of willfully ending ones own life; it is sometimes a noun for one who has committed or attempted the act. ...
Statistics is a broad mathematical discipline which studies ways to collect, summarize and draw conclusions from data. ...
A high-speed toll booth on SR 417 near Orlando, Florida A toll road, turnpike or tollpike is a road on which a toll authority collects a fee for use. ...
It is thought that as many as nine out of ten injury collisions are the result of driver negligence.
Responsibility of car manufacturers Car makers have been both accused of making cars that go too fast, and praised for the safety measures (such as ABS) found in new models. Car safety is the avoidance of car accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. ...
An anti-lock braking system (commonly known as ABS, from the German name Antiblockiersystem given to it by its inventors at Bosch) is a system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking while braking. ...
A number of books have critically analysed the responsibility of car makers for safety. The most famous is probably Ralph Nader's Unsafe At Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile, and more recently Keith Bradsher's High and Mighty: the dangerous rise of SUVs (in Europe subtitled the world's most dangerous vehicles and how they got that way) has discussed popular concerns with the rise in popularity of the SUV. Ralph Nader Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American activist lawyer who opposes the power of large corporations and has worked for decades on environmental, consumer rights, and pro-democracy issues. ...
Exhibit featuring book at Ford Museum, Detroit Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile by Ralph Nader, published in 1965, is a book detailing his claims of resistance by car manufacturers to the introduction of safety features, like seat belts, and their general reluctance to...
A sport utility vehicle (SUV) or off-roader is a vehicle that combines the load-hauling and passenger-carrying capacity of a large station wagon or minivan with features designed for off-road driving. ...
Trends in collision statistics Road toll figures show that car collision fatalities have declined since 1980, with most countries showing a reduction of roughly 50%. This drop appears to confirm the efficacy of safety measures introduced thereafter, assuming that driver behaviour has not changed significantly. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
In the United States, fatalities have increased slightly from 40,716 in 1994 to 42,643 in 2003. Several explanations for this disappointing outcome have been proposed:
- The number of cars is increasing, leading to more congested traffic. This argument is disputed—for example, the road toll in Australia is only about half that of the UK, despite the latter country's more than threefold size of population in an area 1/30th of the size.
- A safer car increases the perceived safety level, inducing the driver to go at higher speeds—in fact there is strong evidence to suggest that every safety advantage conferred by technology is eroded by modified driver behaviour.
- Some types of cars may be inherently less safe (see for example SUV)
- More in-car tech toys exist today. These can distract the driver from the road. These include: cell phones, TVs, pagers, portable CD and DVD players, laptop computers, electronic games, computer games, GPS navigators, camcorders, radar detectors, and others.
Whatever the reason, it has been noted that road fatality trends closely follow the so-called "Smeed's law" (after RJ Smeed, its author), an empirical rule relating injury rates to the two-thirds power of car ownership levels. Others claim that road safety improvements, not Smeed's law, are the dominant cause of lives saved. An analysis by John Adams can be found here. In many parts of the world traffic is generally organized, flowing in lanes of travel for a particular direction, with interchanges, traffic signals, or signage at intersections to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. ...
A sport utility vehicle (SUV) or off-roader is a vehicle that combines the load-hauling and passenger-carrying capacity of a large station wagon or minivan with features designed for off-road driving. ...
Cellular redirects here. ...
Television is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. ...
A pager that is in use for emergency services A pager is an electronic device used to contact people via a paging network. ...
CD may stand for: Compact Disc Canadian Forces Decoration Cash Dispenser (at least used in Japan) CD LPMud Driver Centrum-Demokraterne (Centre Democrats of Denmark) Certificate of Deposit České Dráhy (Czech Railways) Chad (NATO country code) Chalmers Datorförening (computer club of the Chalmers University of Technology) a 1960s...
DVD-R writing/reading side, based on Photo DVD.jpg. ...
Laptop with touchpad. ...
This article needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ...
Over fifty GPS satellites such as this NAVSTAR have been launched since 1978. ...
8mm Camcorder mini-DV Camcorder A camcorder is a portable electronic device (generally a digital camera) for recording images and audio onto a storage device. ...
A radar detector is an electronic device used by motorists to determine if their speed is being monitored. ...
Smeeds Law, after RJ Smeed who first proposed it, is an empirical rule relating traffic casualties to the inverse square of car ownership. ...
Types of collisions Car accidents fall into several major categories (whose names are self-explanatory): A car accident in Sydney, Australia on Christmas day, 2001. ...
A car accident in Sydney, Australia on Christmas day, 2001. ...
Sydney is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian state of New South Wales, as well as Australias largest and oldest city (founded in 1788). ...
2001: A Space Odyssey. ...
Collisions can occur with other automobiles, other vehicles such as bicycles or trucks, with pedestrians or large animals (such as deer), and with stationary structures or objects, such as trees or road signs. Standard wrong-way sign package used on all freeway off-ramps in California (and since copied by Georgia and Virginia). ...
A rear-end collision in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004. ...
Side Collisions are a type of car accidents. ...
A rollover in Sydney, Australia on Christmas day, 2001. ...
A single vehicle collision or single-vehicle accident is, as the name implies, a type of collision in which only one vehicle is involved. ...
A multi-vehicle collision (colloquially known as a pile-up) is a road traffic accident involving many vehicles. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of willfully ending ones own life; it is sometimes a noun for one who has committed or attempted the act. ...
This racing bicycle is built using lightweight, shaped aluminium tubing and carbon fiber stays and forks. ...
The driver of this DAF tractor with an auto-transport semi-trailer prepares to offload Skoda Octavia cars in Cardiff, Wales For further uses of the word truck, see Truck (disambiguation). ...
A pedestrian at the intersection of Alinga Street and Northbourne Avenue, Canberra, Australia Look up Pedestrian on Wiktionary, the free dictionary A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot, whether walking or running. ...
Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anenomes) Placozoa (trichoplax) Subregnum Bilateria (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ...
Subfamilies Capreolinae Cervinae Hydropotinae Muntiacinae A deer is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant. ...
See also: street sign theft External links http://homepages. ...
 The result of a side collision; most cars are not as structurally sound side-to-side as they are front-to-back and damage can be more severe to the vehicle and the occupant than at the same speed in a rear-end collision. In a collision between two cars, the occupants of a car with the lower mass will likely suffer the greater consequences. See: crash incompatibility. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Mass is a property of physical objects that, roughly speaking, measures the amount of matter they contain. ...
Crash incompatibility, crash compatibility, vehicle incompatibility, and vehicle compatibility are terms in the automobile crash testing industry. ...
Legal consequences Car collisions often carry legal consequences in proportion to the severity of the accident. Nearly all common law jurisdictions impose some kind of requirement that parties involved in a collision (even with only stationary property) must stop at the scene, and exchange insurance or identification information or summon the police. Failing to obey this requirement is referred to as hit and run and is generally a criminal offence. Most car claims are settled without using an attorney. This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. ...
Hit and run is the illegal act of hitting an object, such as a pedestrian, parked car, or mailbox, with a vehicle and immediately leaving the location of the incident. ...
An attorney is someone who represents someone else in the transaction of business: For attorney-at-law, see lawyer, solicitor, barrister or civil law notary. ...
Parties involved in an accident may face criminal liability, civil liability, or both. Usually, the state starts a prosecution only if someone is severely injured or killed, or if one of the drivers involved was clearly grossly negligent or intoxicated or otherwise impaired at the time the accident occurred. Charges might include driving under the influence of alcohol, assault with a deadly weapon, manslaughter, or murder; penalties range from fines to jail time to prison time to death (although the death penalty is not applicable in many jurisdictions). It is notable that the penalties for killing and injuring with motor vehicles are often very much less than for other actions with similar outcomes. Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that punishes criminals for committing offences against the state. ...
Civil law has at least three meanings. ...
A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ...
Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that regulates governmental sanctions (such as imprisonment and/or fines) as retaliation for crimes against the social order. ...
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In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكØول, al meaning the and kukhul meaning spirit, the chemical) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ...
The bayonet, still used in war as both knife and spearpoint. ...
Death is the cessation of physical life in a living organism or the state of the organism after that event. ...
As for civil liability, automobile accident personal injury lawsuits have become the most common type of tort. Because these cases have been litigated often in the developed First World nations, the legal questions usually have been answered in prior judgments. So, the courts most usually decide solely the factual questions of who is at fault, and how much they (or their insurer) must pay out in damages to the injured plaintiff. A lawsuit is a civil action brought before a court in order to recover a right, obtain damages for an injury, obtain an injunction to prevent an injury, or obtain a declaratory judgment to prevent future legal disputes. ...
In the common law, a tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract for which the law provides a remedy. ...
The terms First World, Second World, and Third World were used to divide the nations of Earth into three broad categories. ...
Damages, in law has two different meanings. ...
Another element of liability involves the administrative fines or license suspension/revocation that may be imposed by civil or criminal authorities when a driver has violated the rules of the road and thus the terms of a driver's license. Such complaint may be filed by a police officer or sometimes by other witnesses of an incident. This article covers only rules of highways. ...
Driving licences within the European Union are subdivided into different categories. ...
Rubbernecking Rubbernecking is where drivers slow down to look at recent collisions or anything out of the ordinary on the highway. Events ranging from gruesome car accidents to a police car stopped on the shoulder can cause traffic jams on both sides of the road, even if the roadway has been cleared. Traffic jams are common in heavily populated areas. ...
Although caution is advised when there is unexpected activity on the side of a road, a car with a flat tire on the side of a highway often causes as much slow down as a real accident would due to rubbernecking. The slowdown in traffic persists even after the accident scene has been cleared if traffic is dense. Traffic experts call this phenomenon a phantom accident. This behavior can potentially cause additional and sometimes more serious accidents among the distracted rubberneckers.
Collision prevention Although many accidents are caused by behavior that is difficult to alter, by mechanical failure, or by road conditions, some technical solutions are becoming more widely available to prevent accidents: - Proximity monitors: These would automatically detect how close you were traveling to the car in front of you and automatically adjust your car's acceleration to prevent you from getting closer than you can safely stop at your current speed.
- Sobriety detectors: These locks prevent the ignition key from working if the driver breathes into one and is shown to have consumed alcohol.
- Drifting monitors: These devices monitor how close a vehicle is traveling to lane markers and, if it starts to drift toward or over the markers without the turn signal being activated, sounds an alarm.
In most developed countries, young (under 25 years old) male drivers have been shown to be by far the most likely to be involved in a car accident, and this has become an area of focus in recent times. Reasons suggested for this prevalence include inexperience combined with over-confidence, peer pressure, showing off, and even neurological development arguments. In addition most serious accidents occur at night and when the car has multiple occupants. This has led to some discussion of the following proposals: Turn signals (US English) or indicators (British English) are a set of lights on a vehicle (be it a car, truck/lorry, tractor, motorcycle, etc. ...
- A "curfew" imposed on young drivers to prevent them driving at night.
- Requiring an experienced supervisor to chaperone the less experienced driver.
- Forbidding the carrying of passengers.
- Zero alcohol tolerance.
- Compulsory advanced driving courses.
- Requiring a sign placed on the back of the vehicle to notify other drivers of a less-experienced individual in the driver's seat.
Some countries or states have already implemented some of these, but so far no consensus for a total solution has been reached. This prevalence has long been noted by insurance companies, and premiums reflect that; however, very high premiums for young male drivers do not seem to have had a significant impact on the accident statistics, suggesting that these drivers simply accept the high premiums as part of the "on road" costs of mobility. A curfew can be one of the following: An order by the government for certain persons to return home before a certain time. ...
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. ...
See also Exhibit featuring book at Ford Museum, Detroit Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile by Ralph Nader, published in 1965, is a book detailing his claims of resistance by car manufacturers to the introduction of safety features, like seat belts, and their general reluctance to...
The two-second rule tells a defensive driver the minimum distance to avoid collision in ideal driving conditions. ...
Hybrid III is the de facto standard crash test dummy. ...
Vehicle extrication is the process of removing a person from a vehicle that has been involved in a motor vehicle accident when conventional means of exit are impossible or unadvisable. ...
The field of road safety is concerned with reducing the numbers or the consequences of vehicle crashes, by developing and implementing management systems ideally based in a multidisciplinary and holistic approach, with interrelated activities in a number of fields. ...
Flowers marking the site of a fatal crash Roadside memorials are sometimes erected at the site of a fatal road crash. ...
List of road accidents records the most serious accidents, with a high death toll, since of course minor accidents are commonplace. ...
In case of emergency or ICE is a campaign to encourage people to put an emergency contact name in their mobile phones. ...
External links - Community database on Accidents on the Roads in Europe CARE
- U.S. DOT Fatality Analysis Reporting System FARS
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