NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Robert Everton Cushman, Jr.

General Robert Everton Cushman, Jr. (December 24, 1914 - January 2, 1985) served as the 25th Commandant of the Marine Corps from January 1, 1972 to June 30, 1975. He was honored for heroism in battle during World War II at the battles of Guam (Navy Cross), Bouganville (Bronze Star) and Iwo Jima (Legion of Merit). He also commanded all Marine forces in Vietnam from June - December of 1967. December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Commandant of the United States Marine Corps is the highest ranking officer of the United States Marine Corps and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reporting to the Secretary of the Navy but not to the Chief of Naval Operations. ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... Fort Washington a suburb of Washington, southwest of the downtown district. ... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces to global crises. ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... The Commandant of the United States Marine Corps is the highest ranking officer of the United States Marine Corps and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reporting to the Secretary of the Navy but not to the Chief of Naval Operations. ... The 2nd Battalion 9th Marines (2/9) was an infantry battalion of the United States Marine Corps. ... The 2nd Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. ... The U.S. 3rd Marine Division is a unit of the United States Marine Corps, one of three active divisions. ... Mission III Marine Expeditionary Force, as the Marine Corpsâ€™ forward-deployed Air-Ground-Logistics-Base Team, is a Force in Readiness able to deploy rapidly by any and all means and conduct operations from Special Purpose MAGTF through MEU, MEB and MEF, across the spectrum from Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Husband Kimmel (USN), Walter Short (USA) Chuichi Nagumo (IJN), Mitsuo Fuchida (IJNAS) Strength 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, ~50 other ships, ~390 planes 6 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, 9 destroyers, 8 tankers, 23 fleet submarines, 5 midget submarines... The battle of Guam was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands from 21 July 1944 to 10 August 1944. ... Category: Possible copyright violations ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Holland Smith Tadamichi Kuribayashi â€ Strength 77,000 marines 100,000 total 20,700 infantry Casualties 6,821 dead 20,000 wounded 18,000 dead 1,083 survived The Battle of Iwo Jima (Operation Detachment) was fought between the United States of America and... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... The Navy Cross The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. ... The Distinguished Service Medal is a high level military and civilian decoration of the United States of America which is issued for meritorious service to the government of the United States in either a senior government service position or as a senior officer of the United States armed forces. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces which is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration and is the fourth highest award for bravery, heroism or meritorious service. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Commandant of the United States Marine Corps is the highest ranking officer of the United States Marine Corps and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reporting to the Secretary of the Navy but not to the Chief of Naval Operations. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... The Bougainville campaign of 1944-45, was a campaign of World War II. The island of Bougainville was of strategic importance to the Allies and Japanese, in both the Pacific Ocean and South West Pacific theatres. ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Holland Smith Tadamichi Kuribayashi â€ Strength 77,000 marines 100,000 total 20,700 infantry Casualties 6,821 dead 20,000 wounded 18,000 dead 1,083 survived The Battle of Iwo Jima (Operation Detachment) was fought between the United States of America and... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces to global crises. ...

Biography

Early life

Born December 24, 1914, in St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended Central High School and at sixteen, before graduating, was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy. Graduating tenth in his class of 442. December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ...

Early career

He was commissioned a Marine second lieutenant on June 6, 1935. Second Lieutenant Cushman completed The Basic School for Marine officers at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, then served briefly at the Marine Corps Base, San Diego, California. In February 1936, he arrived in Shanghai, China, and served as a platoon commander with the 4th Marines and later the 2d Marine Brigade. On his return to the United States in March 1938, he served at naval shipyards in Brooklyn, New York and Portsmouth, Virginia. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in August 1938. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces to global crises. ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining // 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Basic School (TBS) is where all newly commissioned United States Marine Corps officers are sent to learn the art and science of being a Marine officer. ... The Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, formerly Navy Yard, was the first naval shipyard of the United States. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY), also known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the New York Navy Yard and United States Navy Yard, New York, is located 1. ... Map Political Statistics Founded 1752 County Independent city Mayor Dr. James W. Holley III Geographic Statistics Area - Total - Land - Water 120. ... First Lieutenant is a military rank. ...

In April 1939, 1stLt Cushman was assigned to the Marine Detachment at the New York World’s Fair, and was subsequently stationed at the Marine Barracks, Quantico, Virginia. He was promoted to Captain in March 1941. The 1939 New York Worlds Fair, located on the current site of Flushing Meadows-Corona Park (also the location of the 1964 New York Worlds Fair), was one of the largest worlds fairs of all time. ... The Marine Corps Base Quantico, near Fredericksburg, Virginia, is one of the largest United States Marine Corps bases in the world. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area Ranked 35th - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 430 miles (690 km) - % water 7. ... This article concerns the rank and title of Captain. ...

World War II

In June 1941, Capt Cushman reported aboard the USS Pennsylvania in San Diego, enroute to Pearl Harbor, as Commanding Officer of the ship’s Marine Detachment. He was serving in this capacity when the Japanese attacked the ship and other naval installations at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Upon his transfer from the Pennsylvania, he joined the 9th Marine Regiment at San Diego as a battalion executive officer in May 1942 and was promoted to Major that same month. The second USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) was the lead ship of her class of US Navy super-dreadnought battleships. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin... Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Husband Kimmel (USN), Walter Short (USA) Chuichi Nagumo (IJN), Mitsuo Fuchida (IJNAS) Strength 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, ~50 other ships, ~390 planes 6 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, 9 destroyers, 8 tankers, 23 fleet submarines, 5 midget submarines... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The 9th Marine Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps. ... Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ...

Major Cushman hiked from San Diego to Camp Pendleton with his unit in September 1942, and embarked for the Pacific Area in January 1943. That month, Maj Cushman was appointed Commanding Officer of the 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines, and in May 1943 was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. During the two years he held that post, he led his battalion repeatedly into combat, earning the Bronze Star Medal with Combat “V” on Bougainville, the Navy Cross during the Battle of Guam, and the Legion of Merit with Combat “V” during the Battle of Iwo Jima, where he led his battalion against "Cushman's Pocket,” a complex of enemy caves. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is near Oceanside, California. ... View of the Pacific Ocean from Oregon. ... The 2nd Battalion 9th Marines (2/9) was an infantry battalion of the United States Marine Corps. ... In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ... The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration and is the fourth highest award for bravery, heroism or meritorious service. ... The Bougainville campaign of 1944-45, was a campaign of World War II. The island of Bougainville was of strategic importance to the Allies and Japanese, in both the Pacific Ocean and South West Pacific theatres. ... The Navy Cross The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. ... The battle of Guam was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands from 21 July 1944 to 10 August 1944. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces which is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Holland Smith Tadamichi Kuribayashi â€ Strength 77,000 marines 100,000 total 20,700 infantry Casualties 6,821 dead 20,000 wounded 18,000 dead 1,083 survived The Battle of Iwo Jima (Operation Detachment) was fought between the United States of America and...

Post war years

Upon his return to the United States in May 1945, LtCol Cushman was stationed at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, for three years. During that period he completed the Senior School, served as an instructor in the Command and Staff School, and during the latter two years was Supervisory Instructor, Amphibious Warfare School. In June 1948, he was named Head of the Amphibious Warfare Branch, Office of Naval Research, Navy Department, Washington, D.C. From October 1949 until May 1951, he served on the staff of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). While there, he was promoted to Colonel in May 1950. Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia. ... The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Government. ... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ...

In June 1951, Col Cushman joined the staff of the Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Fleet, in London, serving as Amphibious Plans Officer until June 1953. Following his return to the United States, he was transferred to Norfolk, Virginia, where he served as a member of the faculty of the Armed Forces Staff College, and in July 1954 became Director of the Plans and Operations Division there. In July 1956, he assumed command of the 2nd Marine Regiment, at Camp Lejuene, North Carolina. London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... Motto: Crescas (Latin for, Thou shalt grow. ... The Joint Forces Staff College (JFSC) located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981. ... The 2nd Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. ... Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune is near United States. ... This article is the current U.S. Collaboration of the Week. ...

Assigned to Washington, D.C., in February 1957, he served four years on the staff of then-Vice President Richard Nixon as Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs. While serving in this capacity he was promoted to Brigadier General in July 1958. Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ...

Following his departure from Washington, BGen Cushman became Assistant Division Commander, 3rd Marine Division, on Okinawa in March 1961. He was promoted to Major General in August 1961, and in September assumed command of the Division. The U.S. 3rd Marine Division is a unit of the United States Marine Corps, one of three active divisions. ... This article is about the prefecture. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ...

In July 1962, he reported to Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) in Washington, D.C., where he was assigned as both Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2 (Intelligence) and Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3 (Plans, Operations and Training), in which capacities he served until 1 January 1964. From that date until June 1964, he served only as Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

From June 1964 until March 1967, MajGen Cushman served in the dual capacity of Commanding General, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California, and Commanding General, 4th Marine Division Headquarters Nucleus. In June 1966, he formed the 5th Marine Division, and additionally, he served as its Commanding General at Camp Pendleton until November 1966. The edge of Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is located in southern California between the towns of Oceanside and San Clemente. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The U.S. 4th Marine Division is a division of the United States Marine Corps. ... The 5th Marine Division of the United States Marine Corps was created during World War II for the Battle of Iwo Jima and the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands. ...

Vietnam War

Major General Cushman was ordered to the Republic of Vietnam in April 1967 and was assigned as the Deputy Commander, III Marine Amphibious Force. Upon assuming duty as Commanding General, III Marine Amphibious Force, the largest combined combat unit ever led by a Marine, he was promoted to lieutenant general in June 1967. For his service as Deputy Commander, from April to May 1967, and subsequently as Commanding General, III Marine Amphibious Force, from June to December 1967, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. A Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal was awarded for his service as Commanding General, III Marine Amphibious Force; Senior Advisor, I Corps Tactical Zone; and I Corps Coordinator for United States/Free World Military Assistance Forces, from January 1968 to March 1969. National motto: ??? Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area - Total - % water 173,809km² N/A population - Total - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... Mission III Marine Expeditionary Force, as the Marine Corpsâ€™ forward-deployed Air-Ground-Logistics-Base Team, is a Force in Readiness able to deploy rapidly by any and all means and conduct operations from Special Purpose MAGTF through MEU, MEB and MEF, across the spectrum from Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster... The Distinguished Service Medal (D.S.M.) is a military decoration for courage. ...

Post Vietnam

On March 6, 1969, while serving in Vietnam, LtGen Cushman was nominated by President Richard M. Nixon to be the Deputy Director of the CIA; the Senate confirmed his nomination, 21 April 1969. Upon his return to the United States, he served briefly as Director of Personnel/Deputy Chief of Staff (Manpower) at HQMC. LtGen Cushman subsequently served as Deputy Director of the CIA from April 1969 through December 1971, for which service he was awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal. March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

As Commandant

He was promoted to General and assumed the office of Commandant of the Marine Corps on January 1, 1972. During Gen Cushman’s tenure, he saw the last of the Marines leave Vietnam and the peacetime strength fall to 194,000 while still maintaining readiness to act in such emergencies as the Mayagüez incident and the evacuations of Phnom Penh and Saigon. General Cushman retired June 30, 1975. The Commandant of the United States Marine Corps is the highest ranking officer of the United States Marine Corps and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reporting to the Secretary of the Navy but not to the Chief of Naval Operations. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Time Magazine cover about the incident - May 26, 1975 The MayagÃ¼ez incident with the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia on May 12-15, 1975, marked the last official battle of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. ... City motto: No motto City proper Province Phnom Penh Mayor Kep Chuktema ( ) Area 290 kmÂ² Population 862,000 Density 3446. ... Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: ThÃ nh ChÃ Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Later life

He died January 2, 1985 at his home in Fort Washington, Maryland, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fort Washington a suburb of Washington, southwest of the downtown district. ... [[ Historical Information Arlington National Cemetery Section 27 Facts Pvt. ...

Awards

A complete list of the general’s medals and decorations include: Navy Cross; Distinguished Service Medal with two Gold Stars in lieu of a second and third award; Legion of Merit with Combat “V,” Bronze Star Medal with Combat “V;” Navy Commendation Medal; Presidential Unit Citation with one Bronze Star; Navy Unit Commendation with one Bronze Star; Distinguished Intelligence Medal; China Service Medal; American Defense Service Medal with one Bronze Star (Fleet Clasp); American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with one Silver Star; Victory Medal, World War II; National Defense Service Medal with one Bronze Star; Vietnam Service Medal with one Silver Star and two Bronze Stars; Order of May to the Naval Merit, in the Degree of Commander (Government of Argentina); National Order of Vietnam, Commander or 3d Class, Republic of Vietnam; Army Distinguished Service Order 1st Class, Republic of Vietnam; National Order of Vietnam, Commander or 3d Class, Republic of Vietnam; Army Distinguished Service Order 1st Class, Republic of Vietnam; Cross of Gallantry with 2 Palms, Republic of Vietnam; Order of Military Merit, 2d Class (Ulchi), Republic of Korea; Order of Military Merit, 3d Class (Chungmu), Republic of Korea; Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation (Gallantry Cross Color); Vietnam Campaign Medal; and Vietnamese Rural Revolutionary Development Medal, Republic of Vietnam. The Navy Cross The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. ... The Distinguished Service Medal (D.S.M.) is a military decoration for courage. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces which is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration and is the fourth highest award for bravery, heroism or meritorious service. ... The Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military award which is presented for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service. ... USA and USAF Presidential Unit Citation Please see Presidential Unit Citation for other versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action on or after 7 December 1941 against an armed enemy. ... Navy Unit Commendation The Navy Unit Commendation of the United States Navy is an award that was established by order of the Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal on 18 December 1944. ... The Distinguished Intelligence Medal is awarded by the Central Intelligence Agency for performance of outstanding services or for achievement of a distinctly exceptional nature in a duty or responsibility. ... The National Defense Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States military and was the brainchild of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. ... Vietnam Service Medal Vietnam Service Medal ribbon The Vietnam Service Medal is a military award which was created in 1965 by order of President Lyndon B. Johnson. ...

Encyclopedia > Robert Everton Cushman, Jr.

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